US20020006989A1 - Complexed starch-containing compositions having high mechanical properties - Google Patents
Complexed starch-containing compositions having high mechanical properties Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020006989A1 US20020006989A1 US09/335,238 US33523899A US2002006989A1 US 20020006989 A1 US20020006989 A1 US 20020006989A1 US 33523899 A US33523899 A US 33523899A US 2002006989 A1 US2002006989 A1 US 2002006989A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- compositions
- thermoplastic polymer
- less
- incompatible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/12—Polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
Definitions
- the present invention relates to heterophasic polymeric compositions having a high resistance to ageing, even under conditions of low temperature and humidity, comprising thermoplastic starch and a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with starch, in which the starch constitutes the dispersed phase and the polymer the continuous phase.
- the invention relates particularly to manufactured products which maintain high impact strength and tear strength in low humidity conditions.
- This phenomenon can damage the interface with the matrix when the interface is not sufficiently bonded.
- EP-A-0 327 505 describes compositions in which the plasticiser is used in a quantity of from 0.5 to 15%, preferably between 0.5 and 5% by weight, together with such quantities of water that the sum of the plasticiser and the water does not exceed 25% by weight of the compositions (the quantitative minimum of water in these compositions is 10% by weight).
- WO92/19680 describes compositions comprising starch, a polyester of a hydroxyacid or the corresponding lactone such as, for example, polycaprolactone, and a plasticiser usable in a quantity of from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 1-40%, and more preferably 5-25% by weight of the composition.
- compositions preferably have a final water content of between 1.5 and 5% by weight (measured on leaving the extrusion press, before conditioning).
- the quantity of plasticiser used in the examples is always greater than 10% by weight of the composition.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,634 describes compositions comprising starch, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and a plasticiser usable in a quantity of from 0.5 to 100% by weight of the starch
- the quantity of plasticiser effectively used is always greater than 10% by weight of the composition.
- starch in particular, its amylose fraction, forms “V”-type complexes with synthetic polymers such as polyethylene vinyl alcohol or polyethylene-acid acrylate (C. Bastioli and others in “Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers”, pages 200-213; 1994, Elsevier Science).
- synthetic polymers such as polyethylene vinyl alcohol or polyethylene-acid acrylate
- the complex acts as a compatibility-inducer or phasing agent.
- plasticisers which are solid at room temperature are used in relatively high concentrations, at which the complex between starch and incompatible polymer can form in a quantity sufficient to ensure an effective compatibility-inducing action, these plasticisers cause, in conditions changing from high to low relative humidity, brittleness in the material.
- compositions comprising starch and a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with starch, in which the starch constitutes the dispersed phase and the thermoplastic polymer the continuous matrix, which compositions have characteristics of high impact strength even when passing from conditions of high to low relative humidity if they are prepared using a quantity of plasticiser that is liquid at room temperature comprised within a critical range wherein the concentration of the complex between starch and the incompatible polymer reaches a maximum, and a specific energy of destructurization of starch higher than a certain value.
- the critical quantity of plasticiser which is preferably glycerin, is generally from 2 to 8% and preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of the starch and the thermoplastic polymer. Quantities outside this range are, however, possible, depending on the type of plasticiser and its efficacy.
- the specific energy for the destructurization of the starch and its complexation are comprised from 0,1 to 0.5 Kw.h/Kg, preferably from 0,15 to 0,4 Kw.h/Kg and most preferably from 0,2 to 0,35 Kw.h/Kg.
- specific energy for the destructurization and complexation of the starch it is to meant the energy supplied by an extruder the screw or screws of which are capable of developing a specific energy of at least 0,1 Kw.h/Kg at the extrusion temperature of 120-210° C.
- the specific energy is determined according to the formula: A ⁇ B ⁇ C/D ⁇ E ⁇ F wherein
- the presence of the complexes of starch and incompatible polymer can be demonstrated by the presence in the second derivative FTIR spectra of a band at a wavelength of 947 cm ⁇ 1 (specific to the complex) and in the X-ray diffraction spectra of a peak in the range of 13-14° on the 2 theta scale (with Cu K alfa radiation of 1.5418 A°). In both cases, the position of the band or the peak of the complex remains unchanged, even on changing the nature of the complexed polymer.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show the X-ray and second derivative FTIR spectra, and are typical of the formulations based on starch and aliphatic polyesters (PCL in particular).
- the Hc/Ha ratio between the height of the peak (Hc) in the range of 13-14° of the complex and the height of the peak (Ha) of the amorphous starch which appears at about 20.5° (the profile of the peak in the amorphous phase having been reconstructed) is less than 2 and greater than 0.02.
- the heights Ha and Ha are indicated for the peaks of the complex and the amorphous starch respectively.
- the heterophasic compositions of the invention therefore comprise starch, a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with the starch, a starch plasticiser or a mixture of starch plasticisers, in which the starch constitutes the discontinuous phase and the thermoplastic polymer the continuous phase, and are characterised in that they form films having characteristics of high impact strength higher than 30 Kj/m 2 , preferably higher than 45 Kj/m 2 and most preferably higher than 60 Kj/m 2 (measured on blown film 30 micron thick at 10° C.
- compositions are obtainable by extrusion of a melt comprising starch, the thermoplastic polymer, the plasticiser in a quantity within the critical range, and water in a quantity less than 5% by weight (measured on leaving the extrusion press, before conditioning) and supplying a specific energy of at least 0,1 Kw.h/Kg and lower than 0,5 Kw.h/Kg.
- compositions by extrusion are carried out according to known temperature conditions, operating, for example, at temperatures of between 120 and 210° C., preferably from 130 to 190° C.
- Suitable usable extruders are those provided with screws having a “reverse” profile for more than 30% of the length of the screw (a reverse profile causes the material to advance with a piston effect).
- the water content in the extrusion stage can be high in the phase of destructurization of starch and can be regulated at the end of the estrusion at the desired values of less than 5% by weight by degassing or by using a starting starch with a low water content (the water content is measured at the exit of the extruder, prior conditioning).
- compositions or the manufactured products obtainable therefrom are washed with water, the plasticiser contained therein is extracted but the compositions and the manufactured product maintain mechanical properties, in particular impact strength, comparable to the properties of the film before washing.
- These compositions and manufactured products also form part of the invention.
- the starch-incompatible thermoplastic polymers are preferably chosen from the aliphatic (co)polyesters obtained from hydroxyacids having 2 or more carbon atoms, and from the corresponding lactones or lactides, or from aliphatic bicarboxylic acids having 2-22 carbon atoms, and from diols having 2-22 carbon atoms, polyester-amides, polyester-urea and aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and mixtures thereof.
- thermoplastic polymers or mixtures thereof, have a melting point lower than 130° C. and preferably lower than 110° C.
- poly-epsylon-caprolactone polyethylene- and polybutylene-succinate, polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate, polylactic acid, polyalkyleneadipate, polyalkyleneadipate-succinate, polyalkyleneadipate-caprolactame, polyalkyleneadipate-epsylon-caprolactone, polyadipate of diphenol diglycidylether, poly-epsylon-caprolactone/epsylon-caprolactame, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, polyalkylenesebacate, polyalkylene-azelate and copolymers thereof or mixtures thereof.
- polymers can also be “chain-extended” with diisocyanates, polyepoxides and similar multifunctional compositions.
- Poly-epsylon-caprolactone and the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters are preferred.
- Other polymers which can be used are the esters and ethers of cellulose and of starch.
- the starch-incompatible polymer is present in a quantity sufficient to form the continuous phase of the heterophasic composition. In general, this quantity is between approximately 30 and 90% by weight of the starch.
- the polymers can be used in mixtures having smaller proportions of polymers of the ethylene/vinyl alcohol, ethylene/acrylic acid type and polyvinylalchol.
- the usable starch is native starch such as, for example, corn, potato, rice, tapioca starch, or is a physically or chemically modified starch such as, for example, ethoxylated starch, starch acetate and hydroxypropylated starch, cross-linked starch or oxidated starch, dextrinized starch, dextrins and mixtures thereof.
- native starch such as, for example, corn, potato, rice, tapioca starch
- a physically or chemically modified starch such as, for example, ethoxylated starch, starch acetate and hydroxypropylated starch, cross-linked starch or oxidated starch, dextrinized starch, dextrins and mixtures thereof.
- the starch plasticisers which can be used are polyhydric alcohols having from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular, polyhydric alcohols having from 1 to 20 hydroxylated units containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, the ethers, thioethers and the organic and inorganic esters of these polyhydric alcohols.
- plasticisers examples include: glycerine, ethoxylated polyglycerol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2-propandiol, 1,3-propandiol, 1,4-butandiol, neopentylglycol, sorbitol monoacetate, sorbitol diacetate, sorbitol monoethoxylate, sorbitol diethoxylate and mixtures thereof.
- compositions can also include interfacial agents of the kind described in Italian patent application T096A000890, chosen from:
- esters of polyhydric alcohols with mono- or polycarboxylic acid having a dissociation constant pK less than 4.5 (with reference to the pK of the first carboxylic group in the case of the polycarboxylic acids), and a hydrophilic/lipophilic index (HLB) greater than 8;
- compositions of the invention can also contain additives such as urea in a quantity of up to 20% by weight, compounds of boron, particularly boric acid, proteins such as casein, gluten and abietinic acid or rosinic acid, natural rubbers, flame retardant agents, antioxidants, fungicides, herbicides, fertilisers, opacifiers, compositions having a repellent effect on rodents, waxes, antislipping agents (such as erucamide, calcium stearate, zinc stearate).
- additives such as urea in a quantity of up to 20% by weight, compounds of boron, particularly boric acid, proteins such as casein, gluten and abietinic acid or rosinic acid, natural rubbers, flame retardant agents, antioxidants, fungicides, herbicides, fertilisers, opacifiers, compositions having a repellent effect on rodents, waxes, antislipping agents (such as erucamide, calcium stearate, zinc stearate).
- compositions of the invention find particular application in the preparation of films, sheets, in thermoforming and, in general, in all applications in which good mechanical properties of the manufactured product are required, together with high resistance to ageing, even under conditions of low temperature and humidity.
- Examples of products which can be manufactured using the compositions of the invention include, in addition to those mentioned above, bags, laminates, moulded and blown articles, expanded sheets, expanded materials, biofillers for tires, backsheets for diapers, wrapping films, mulching films, multilayer films, sacks for mowing grass, shoppers, nonwoven fabric, toys, pet toys, dog collars, products with controlled release for use in the agricultural field, threads.
- the temperature profile was as follows: 60/145/175/180 ⁇ 4/155 ⁇ 2° C.
- the extruded material was pelletised.
- the water content was 1.3% by weight.
- the thermal profile was as follows: 90/120/140/150 ⁇ 3/147 ⁇ 2° C.
- the film head had a diameter of 180 mm.
- the film produced was tested as such for its mechanical properties.
- a sample of the same film was on the other hand immersed in water for 24 hours to remove the starch plasticisers; after this, the samples taken from the washed film were left to condition for 72 hours in an environment with a temperature and humidity equal to those used for detecting the mechanical properties.
- the extruded material was pelletised.
- the water content was 1.5% in weight.
- the extruder had a flat head 150 mm wide with a lip aperture of 0.8 mm.
- the sheet obtained was 0.6 mm thick.
- a quantity of pellets was separately made into a film as described in example 1 to obtain samples to test for their mechanical properties (samples of the film as produced and washed in water).
- the specific energy supplied was 0,22 Kw.h/Kg.
- the film obtained was tested for its mechanical properties (film as produced and washed in water as in example 1).
- a composition comprising 65 parts potato starch at 6% humidity and 35 parts of a mixture of glycerine: sorbitol 1:1 by weight (sorbitol is solid at ambient temperature) was supplied to the two screw APV-2030 extruder, as used in example 1, operating with the following thermal profile: 60/100/190 ⁇ 14° C. Compounding was done with active degassing to obtain an extrudate having a water content of less than 0.5%.
- Ecoflex is a registered trade mark of BASF and refers to a polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate copolymer.
- the temperature profile was as follows: 60/140/175/180 ⁇ 4° C.
- the extruded material was pelletised.
- the water content was 1.7% by weight.
- the thermal profile was as follows: 120/135/145 ⁇ 5/140° C.
- the film head had a diameter of 100 mm.
- Table 2 shows the chacteristics of roughness of the sheets of examples 2-4, and comparison examples 1-2. A high level of roughness, although spoiling the aesthetic appearance, is critical for the printability of the sheet with printing inks.
- Tables 3 and 4 show test data for tear and impact traction.
- TABLE 3 TEAR TESTS AT 23° C. & 50% RH(*) Start tearing Propagation Examples N/mm N/mm 1 as produced 116.5 116.5 2 as produced 85.6 85.7 1 cf. as produced 64 63.8
- a double incision was made symmetrically half way along the sample such that each incision extended over a quarter of the width of the sample.
- a rod was connected to the other end of the sample, which rod acts as a guide for an axially-pierced cylinder, 500 g in weight.
- the rod terminates in a plate onto which the weight is released from a height of 5 cm at a velocity of 1 m/sec.
- the apparatus was arranged within a climatic cell operating at 10° C. and RH ⁇ 5%.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show respectively the second derivative FTIR and X-ray spectra of the composition of example 1.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to heterophasic polymeric compositions having a high resistance to ageing, even under conditions of low temperature and humidity, comprising thermoplastic starch and a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with starch, in which the starch constitutes the dispersed phase and the polymer the continuous phase.
- The invention relates particularly to manufactured products which maintain high impact strength and tear strength in low humidity conditions.
- It is known that products (in particular films) manufactured from compositions containing thermoplastic starch and a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with starch, in which the starch constitutes the dispersed phase, show a significant deterioration in their mechanical properties, in particular, their impact strength and tear strength, due to the fact that the starch gives up or absorbs water until it reaches equilibrium with the ambient humidity at its interface.
- In relatively low humidity conditions, the material tends to become brittle, as the dispersed phase becomes insufficiently plasticised due to the loss of water which takes the glass transition temperature above ambient temperature.
- This phenomenon can damage the interface with the matrix when the interface is not sufficiently bonded.
- Under these conditions, when the starch particles constituting the dispersed phase are subjected to stress, they are unable to deform and absorb the stress, but instead remain rigid, thus initiating a tear.
- Italian patent application No. T096A000890 filed by the Applicant describes compositions comprising thermoplastic starch and a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with the starch, having improved characteristics of resistance to ageing under conditions of relatively low humidity, obtained by introducing an agent having an interfacing action during the mixing of the components. This compatibility-inducing action improves the adhesion between the matrix and the dispersed particles.
- Reducing the interface tension also enables the dimensions of the particles to be reduced to submicronic values, whereby the materials have the characteristics of a polymeric alloy. Compositions comprising starch , a thermoplastic polymer and a plasticiser are widely described in patent literature.
- However, the concentrations of these plasticisers at which the mechanical properties of the compositions are greatest are never taught, nor suggested, in the prior art.
- EP-A-0 327 505 describes compositions in which the plasticiser is used in a quantity of from 0.5 to 15%, preferably between 0.5 and 5% by weight, together with such quantities of water that the sum of the plasticiser and the water does not exceed 25% by weight of the compositions (the quantitative minimum of water in these compositions is 10% by weight).
- WO92/19680 describes compositions comprising starch, a polyester of a hydroxyacid or the corresponding lactone such as, for example, polycaprolactone, and a plasticiser usable in a quantity of from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 1-40%, and more preferably 5-25% by weight of the composition.
- The compositions preferably have a final water content of between 1.5 and 5% by weight (measured on leaving the extrusion press, before conditioning).
- In the aforementioned document, there is no use of nor any indication of the existence of a possible critical range of the concentration of the plasticiser corresponding to that for obtaining very high mechanical properties, nor is there any indication of which plasticisers are suitable for this purpose.
- The quantity of plasticiser used in the examples is always greater than 10% by weight of the composition.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,634 describes compositions comprising starch, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and a plasticiser usable in a quantity of from 0.5 to 100% by weight of the starch
- In this case also, the quantity of plasticiser effectively used is always greater than 10% by weight of the composition.
- It is known that starch, in particular, its amylose fraction, forms “V”-type complexes with synthetic polymers such as polyethylene vinyl alcohol or polyethylene-acid acrylate (C. Bastioli and others in “Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers”, pages 200-213; 1994, Elsevier Science). In such multiphase systems in which the synthetic polymer comprises the continuous phase and the starch the dispersed phase, the complex acts as a compatibility-inducer or phasing agent.
- Similar complexes can form between starch and aliphatic polyesters or aliphatic/aromatic copolyesters. However, if, in the preparation of the compositions comprising starch and the aforementioned polyesters, relatively high quantities of the starch plasticisers are used to ensure the plasticity of the material under the conditions of use of the manufactured product and low specific energy for destructurization and complexation is used, the quality of the interface is insufficient to ensure the toughness of the material at low temperatures and humidity in the presence of the plasticiser itself.
- Furthermore, if plasticisers which are solid at room temperature are used in relatively high concentrations, at which the complex between starch and incompatible polymer can form in a quantity sufficient to ensure an effective compatibility-inducing action, these plasticisers cause, in conditions changing from high to low relative humidity, brittleness in the material.
- It has unexpectedly been found that it is possible to prepare heterophasic compositions comprising starch and a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with starch, in which the starch constitutes the dispersed phase and the thermoplastic polymer the continuous matrix, which compositions have characteristics of high impact strength even when passing from conditions of high to low relative humidity if they are prepared using a quantity of plasticiser that is liquid at room temperature comprised within a critical range wherein the concentration of the complex between starch and the incompatible polymer reaches a maximum, and a specific energy of destructurization of starch higher than a certain value.
- The critical quantity of plasticiser, which is preferably glycerin, is generally from 2 to 8% and preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of the starch and the thermoplastic polymer. Quantities outside this range are, however, possible, depending on the type of plasticiser and its efficacy.
- The specific energy for the destructurization of the starch and its complexation are comprised from 0,1 to 0.5 Kw.h/Kg, preferably from 0,15 to 0,4 Kw.h/Kg and most preferably from 0,2 to 0,35 Kw.h/Kg.
- For specific energy for the destructurization and complexation of the starch it is to meant the energy supplied by an extruder the screw or screws of which are capable of developing a specific energy of at least 0,1 Kw.h/Kg at the extrusion temperature of 120-210° C.
- The specific energy is determined according to the formula: A×B×C/D×E×F wherein
- A=engine power
- B=RPM
- C=energy absorption
- D=RPM max
- E=energy absorption max
- F=flow rate
- Until now, critical values as indicated above had never been used nor suggested in prior art compositions.
- It has been discovered, and this constitutes a characterising aspect of the invention, that the complex of starch and incompatible polymer reaches maximum concentration values within the aforesaid critical range.
- The presence of the complexes of starch and incompatible polymer can be demonstrated by the presence in the second derivative FTIR spectra of a band at a wavelength of 947 cm−1 (specific to the complex) and in the X-ray diffraction spectra of a peak in the range of 13-14° on the 2 theta scale (with Cu Kalfa radiation of 1.5418 A°). In both cases, the position of the band or the peak of the complex remains unchanged, even on changing the nature of the complexed polymer. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the X-ray and second derivative FTIR spectra, and are typical of the formulations based on starch and aliphatic polyesters (PCL in particular).
- It has been found that in the X-ray spectra of the compositions of the invention, the Hc/Ha ratio between the height of the peak (Hc) in the range of 13-14° of the complex and the height of the peak (Ha) of the amorphous starch which appears at about 20.5° (the profile of the peak in the amorphous phase having been reconstructed) is less than 2 and greater than 0.02. In the spectrum of FIG. 1, the heights Ha and Ha, are indicated for the peaks of the complex and the amorphous starch respectively.
- In case of crystalline polymers with a crystallinity content higher than 30% the lower limit of the ratio Hc/Ha is 0.2; in case of amorphous polymers or polymers with a cristallinity content less than 30% the lower limit of the ratio Hc/Ha is lower than 0.2.
- The heterophasic compositions of the invention therefore comprise starch, a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with the starch, a starch plasticiser or a mixture of starch plasticisers, in which the starch constitutes the discontinuous phase and the thermoplastic polymer the continuous phase, and are characterised in that they form films having characteristics of high impact strength higher than 30 Kj/m2, preferably higher than 45 Kj/m2 and most preferably higher than 60 Kj/m2 (measured on blown
film 30 micron thick at 10° C. and less than 5% relative humidity) and have an X-ray spectrum having a peak atangle 2 theta in the range from 13 to 14° with an intensity related to that of the peak of the amorphous starch which appears at anangle 2 theta of 20.5° less than 2 and greater than 0.02. - The compositions are obtainable by extrusion of a melt comprising starch, the thermoplastic polymer, the plasticiser in a quantity within the critical range, and water in a quantity less than 5% by weight (measured on leaving the extrusion press, before conditioning) and supplying a specific energy of at least 0,1 Kw.h/Kg and lower than 0,5 Kw.h/Kg.
- The preparation of the compositions by extrusion is carried out according to known temperature conditions, operating, for example, at temperatures of between 120 and 210° C., preferably from 130 to 190° C. Suitable usable extruders are those provided with screws having a “reverse” profile for more than 30% of the length of the screw (a reverse profile causes the material to advance with a piston effect).
- The water content in the extrusion stage can be high in the phase of destructurization of starch and can be regulated at the end of the estrusion at the desired values of less than 5% by weight by degassing or by using a starting starch with a low water content (the water content is measured at the exit of the extruder, prior conditioning).
- If the compositions or the manufactured products obtainable therefrom are washed with water, the plasticiser contained therein is extracted but the compositions and the manufactured product maintain mechanical properties, in particular impact strength, comparable to the properties of the film before washing. These compositions and manufactured products also form part of the invention.
- The starch-incompatible thermoplastic polymers are preferably chosen from the aliphatic (co)polyesters obtained from hydroxyacids having 2 or more carbon atoms, and from the corresponding lactones or lactides, or from aliphatic bicarboxylic acids having 2-22 carbon atoms, and from diols having 2-22 carbon atoms, polyester-amides, polyester-urea and aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and mixtures thereof.
- These thermoplastic polymers, or mixtures thereof, have a melting point lower than 130° C. and preferably lower than 110° C.
- Representative examples of the polymers mentioned above are:
- poly-epsylon-caprolactone, polyethylene- and polybutylene-succinate, polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate, polylactic acid, polyalkyleneadipate, polyalkyleneadipate-succinate, polyalkyleneadipate-caprolactame, polyalkyleneadipate-epsylon-caprolactone, polyadipate of diphenol diglycidylether, poly-epsylon-caprolactone/epsylon-caprolactame, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, polyalkylenesebacate, polyalkylene-azelate and copolymers thereof or mixtures thereof.
- These polymers can also be “chain-extended” with diisocyanates, polyepoxides and similar multifunctional compositions.
- Poly-epsylon-caprolactone and the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters are preferred. Other polymers which can be used are the esters and ethers of cellulose and of starch.
- The starch-incompatible polymer is present in a quantity sufficient to form the continuous phase of the heterophasic composition. In general, this quantity is between approximately 30 and 90% by weight of the starch.
- The polymers can be used in mixtures having smaller proportions of polymers of the ethylene/vinyl alcohol, ethylene/acrylic acid type and polyvinylalchol.
- The usable starch is native starch such as, for example, corn, potato, rice, tapioca starch, or is a physically or chemically modified starch such as, for example, ethoxylated starch, starch acetate and hydroxypropylated starch, cross-linked starch or oxidated starch, dextrinized starch, dextrins and mixtures thereof.
- The starch plasticisers which can be used are polyhydric alcohols having from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular, polyhydric alcohols having from 1 to 20 hydroxylated units containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, the ethers, thioethers and the organic and inorganic esters of these polyhydric alcohols.
- Examples of plasticisers that can be used are: glycerine, ethoxylated polyglycerol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2-propandiol, 1,3-propandiol, 1,4-butandiol, neopentylglycol, sorbitol monoacetate, sorbitol diacetate, sorbitol monoethoxylate, sorbitol diethoxylate and mixtures thereof.
- The compositions can also include interfacial agents of the kind described in Italian patent application T096A000890, chosen from:
- a) esters of polyhydric alcohols with mono- or polycarboxylic acid having a dissociation constant pK less than 4.5 (with reference to the pK of the first carboxylic group in the case of the polycarboxylic acids), and a hydrophilic/lipophilic index (HLB) greater than 8;
- b) esters of polyhydric alcohols with mono- or polycarboxylic acid having fewer than 12 carbon atoms, pK values greater than 4.5, and HLB indexes of from 5.5 to 8;
- c) esters of polyhydric alcohols with C12-C22 fatty acids, having an HLB index of less than 5.5;
- d) non-ionic, water soluble surfactants, and
- e) products of the reaction between aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates and polymers containing terminal groups that react with the diisocyanates.
- The compositions of the invention can also contain additives such as urea in a quantity of up to 20% by weight, compounds of boron, particularly boric acid, proteins such as casein, gluten and abietinic acid or rosinic acid, natural rubbers, flame retardant agents, antioxidants, fungicides, herbicides, fertilisers, opacifiers, compositions having a repellent effect on rodents, waxes, antislipping agents (such as erucamide, calcium stearate, zinc stearate).
- They can also contain organic and inorganic fillers from 0.5 to 70% by weight and natural fibers. The compositions of the invention find particular application in the preparation of films, sheets, in thermoforming and, in general, in all applications in which good mechanical properties of the manufactured product are required, together with high resistance to ageing, even under conditions of low temperature and humidity.
- Examples of products which can be manufactured using the compositions of the invention include, in addition to those mentioned above, bags, laminates, moulded and blown articles, expanded sheets, expanded materials, biofillers for tires, backsheets for diapers, wrapping films, mulching films, multilayer films, sacks for mowing grass, shoppers, nonwoven fabric, toys, pet toys, dog collars, products with controlled release for use in the agricultural field, threads.
- The following examples are given to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the invention.
-
A mixture formed from (parts by weight): Globe 03401-Cerestar natural starch* 27 Tone-787 PCL 65 glycerine 4.5 water 3.5 100.0 - was supplied to a two screw OMC extruder of 60 mm diameter, L/D=36, RPM=180.
- The temperature profile was as follows: 60/145/175/180×4/155×2° C.
- It was operated with free degassing.
- The specific energy supplied was 0,4 Kw.h/Kg.
- The extruded material was pelletised. The water content was 1.3% by weight.
- The pellets were used to manufacture films using Ghioldi apparatus provided with Maillefer-type screws of 60 mm diameter and L/D=30. The thermal profile was as follows: 90/120/140/150×3/147×2° C.
- The film head had a diameter of 180 mm.
- The film produced, approximately 30μ thick, was tested as such for its mechanical properties. A sample of the same film was on the other hand immersed in water for 24 hours to remove the starch plasticisers; after this, the samples taken from the washed film were left to condition for 72 hours in an environment with a temperature and humidity equal to those used for detecting the mechanical properties.
-
A mixture of (parts by weight): Globe 03401 corn starch 33.4 Tone-787 PCL 54.3 glycerine 5.8 water 6.5 100.0 - was supplied to a two screw APV-2030 extruder; L/D=35+5XLT; RPM=170; thermal profile: 60/100/170×14° C.
- The extruder was operated with free degassing.
- The specific energy supplied was 0,17 Kw.h/Kg.
- The extruded material was pelletised. The water content was 1.5% in weight.
- The pellets were used to produce a sheet via cast-extrusion, using a modified AEMME extruder provided with 1:3 constant taper screws;
diameter 30 mm; L/D=25; RPM=35. The extruder had a flat head 150 mm wide with a lip aperture of 0.8 mm. The sheet obtained was 0.6 mm thick. - A quantity of pellets was separately made into a film as described in example 1 to obtain samples to test for their mechanical properties (samples of the film as produced and washed in water).
- The test of example 2 was repeated using a composition (parts by weight) of 33.4 parts starch of the type used in example 2, 54.3 parts of Tone-787 PCL, 4.8 parts of glycerine and 7.5 parts of water. The film thus obtained was tested for its mechanical properties (film as produced and washed in water).
-
A mixture formed from (parts by weight): Globe 03401 corn starch 33.4 Tone-787 PCL 54.3 glycerine 9.7 water 5.5 100.0 - was mixed in an extruder and made into a film as in example 1.
- The specific energy supplied was 0,22 Kw.h/Kg.
- The film obtained was tested for its mechanical properties (film as produced and washed in water as in example 1).
- A composition comprising 65 parts potato starch at 6% humidity and 35 parts of a mixture of glycerine: sorbitol 1:1 by weight (sorbitol is solid at ambient temperature) was supplied to the two screw APV-2030 extruder, as used in example 1, operating with the following thermal profile: 60/100/190×14° C. Compounding was done with active degassing to obtain an extrudate having a water content of less than 0.5%.
- Then, 35 parts of dried pellets and 65 parts of Tone-787 PCL were mixed in an APV-2030 extruder; the extruded material was made into pellets and finally made into a film of approximately 30μ thickness, exactly as in example 1.
- The test of example 3 was repeated with the only difference being that 3.8 parts glycerine and 8.5 parts water were used.
- The film thus obtained was tested for its mechanical properties (film as produced and washed in water as in example 1).
-
A mixture formed from (parts by weight): Globe 03401-Cerestar natural starch 26.4 Ecoflex ® 63.8 glycerine 5.5 water 4.3 Erucamide 0.3 100.0 - was supplied to a two screw OMC extruder of 60 mm diameter, L/D=36, RPM=180.
- Ecoflex is a registered trade mark of BASF and refers to a polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate copolymer.
- The temperature profile was as follows: 60/140/175/180×4° C.
- It was operated with free degassing.
- The specific energy supplied was 0,36 Kw.h/Kg.
- The extruded material was pelletised. The water content was 1.7% by weight.
- The pellets were used to manufacture films using Ghioldi apparatus provided with Maillefer-type screws of 60 mm diameter and L/D=30. The thermal profile was as follows: 120/135/145×5/140° C.
- The film head had a diameter of 100 mm.
- The film produced, approximately 30μ thick, was tested as such for its mechanical properties. A sample of the same film was on the other hand immersed in water for 24 hours to remove the starch plasticisers; after this, the samples taken from the washed film were left to condition for 72 hours in an environment with a temperature and humidity equal to those used for detecting the mechanical properties.
TABLE 1 PROPERTIES OF BLOWN FILM AT 23° C. & 50% RH (ASTM Standard d 882) Modulus Breaking Breaking of Breaking Load elongation elasticity energy Examples Mpa % Mpa KJ/m2 Hc/Ha 1 as produced 37.1 880 503 8600 0.44 1 washed 31.6 747 501 7750 1 cf. as 28.3 810 310 5640 0.07 produced 1 cf. Washed 20.0 120 603 327 2 as produced 31.2 880 520 8230 0.33 2 washed 25.8 637 631 6630 3 as produced 29.2 756 541 6194 0.29 3 washed 21.1 539 598 4930 4 as produced 24.5 662 632 5980 0.27 4 washed 20.2 521 606 4760 5 as produced 23.1 489 136 4155 0.07 - Table 2 shows the chacteristics of roughness of the sheets of examples 2-4, and comparison examples 1-2. A high level of roughness, although spoiling the aesthetic appearance, is critical for the printability of the sheet with printing inks.
TABLE 2 SURFACE ROUGHNESS EXAMPLE ROUGHNESS (micron) 2 0.20 3 0.20 4 0.24 cf. 1 0.14 cf. 2 1.17 - Tables 3 and 4 show test data for tear and impact traction.
TABLE 3 TEAR TESTS AT 23° C. & 50% RH(*) Start tearing Propagation Examples N/mm N/mm 1 as produced 116.5 116.5 2 as produced 85.6 85.7 1 cf. as produced 64 63.8 -
TABLE 4 IMPACT-TRACTION TESTS AT 10° C. AND RH < 5% (**) ON FILM OF 30 micron Energy Load Example KJ/m2 Mpa 1 110 30 2 73 24 1 cf. 6 12 2 cf. 22 23 5 145 18 - The tests were carried out using instrumentation comprising a conventional “piezoelectric load cell” for detecting the energy, which cell is located on a terminal on which the end of a test specimen is fixed, 30-40 micron thick, 30 mm wide and 35 mm long.
- A double incision was made symmetrically half way along the sample such that each incision extended over a quarter of the width of the sample. A rod was connected to the other end of the sample, which rod acts as a guide for an axially-pierced cylinder, 500 g in weight. The rod terminates in a plate onto which the weight is released from a height of 5 cm at a velocity of 1 m/sec.
- The apparatus was arranged within a climatic cell operating at 10° C. and RH<5%.
- The samples were conditioned at the same temperature for 48 hours before the test.
TABLE 5 PROPERTIES OF SHEET FORMED VIA CAST-EXTRUSION Load Elongation Modulus Examples Mpa % Mpa 2 as produced 37.3 892 271 2 washed 30.1 630 464 3 as produced 35.0 846 379 3 washed 26.2 595 550 4 as produced 32.5 745 351 4 washed 21.0 531 495 - FIGS. 1 and 2 show respectively the second derivative FTIR and X-ray spectra of the composition of example 1.
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITT098A0524 | 1998-06-17 | ||
IT98TO000524A ITTO980524A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 | 1998-06-17 | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING STARCH WITH HIGH RESISTANCE TO AGING. |
ITT098A000524 | 1998-06-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020006989A1 true US20020006989A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
US6348524B2 US6348524B2 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
Family
ID=11416852
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/335,238 Expired - Lifetime US6348524B2 (en) | 1998-06-17 | 1999-06-17 | Complexed starch-containing compositions having high mechanical properties |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6348524B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0965615B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP4364435B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100587244B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1149261C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE228550T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU754323B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9911856B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2334336C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69904115T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0965615T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2185290T3 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20010041A2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL140238A (en) |
IN (1) | IN2001CH00078A (en) |
IT (1) | ITTO980524A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA00012859A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20006410L (en) |
PT (1) | PT965615E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2220167C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999065990A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200100412B (en) |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070021534A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | United States (as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture) | Fiber-reinforced starch-based compositions and methods of manufacture and use |
US7176251B1 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2007-02-13 | Novamont S.P.A. | Biodegradable polymeric compositions comprising starch and a thermoplastic polymer |
US20080038496A1 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2008-02-14 | Novamont S. P. A. | Highly-Breathable Biodegradable Film Bag |
US20100081737A1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2010-04-01 | Novamont S.P.A. | Biodergradable composition having high mechanical characteristics |
US20110118390A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-05-19 | Roquette Freres | Process for preparing compositions based on a starchy component and on a synthetic polymer |
WO2012010991A3 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable films |
US20130096236A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-04-18 | Roquette Freres | Plant material compositions and method for preparing same |
US8974881B2 (en) | 2008-12-26 | 2015-03-10 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Resin composition, film, bag product and production process of resin composition |
WO2018125897A1 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-05 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Carbohyrate-based polymeric materials |
US10214634B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2019-02-26 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and strength characteristics of same |
US20190315947A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2019-10-17 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for forming blended films including renewable carbohydrate-based polymeric materials with high blow up ratios and/or narrow die gaps for increased strength |
US10919203B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-02-16 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and biodegradability characteristics thereof |
US10920044B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-02-16 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Carbohydrate-based plastic materials with reduced odor |
US10995201B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-05-04 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and strength characteristics of the same |
US11046840B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-06-29 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for lending biodegradability to non-biodegradable plastic materials |
US11111355B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Addition of biodegradability lending additives to plastic materials |
US11111363B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with renewable and/or sustainable green plastic material and carbohydrate-based polymeric materials lending increased strength and/or biodegradability |
US11149144B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-10-19 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Marine biodegradable plastics comprising a blend of polyester and a carbohydrate-based polymeric material |
US11359088B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2022-06-14 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Polymeric articles comprising blends of PBAT, PLA and a carbohydrate-based polymeric material |
US11674018B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-06-13 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Polymer and carbohydrate-based polymeric material blends with particular particle size characteristics |
US11674014B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-06-13 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Blending of small particle starch powder with synthetic polymers for increased strength and other properties |
US11879058B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-01-23 | Biologiq, Inc | Yarn materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
US11926929B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-03-12 | Biologiq, Inc | Melt blown nonwoven materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
US11926940B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-03-12 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Spunbond nonwoven materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
Families Citing this family (66)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1305576B1 (en) | 1998-09-22 | 2001-05-09 | Novamont Spa | HYDROPHOBIC CHARACTER POLYMERS LOADED WITH STARCH COMPLEXES. |
JP2002088161A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-27 | Sony Corp | Method for improving modulus of elasticity of biodegradable resin |
EP1369460B1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2012-10-31 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Resin and resin compositions for laser marking and molded articles of these |
ITTO20010060A1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-07-25 | Novamont Spa | TERNARTIE MIXTURES OF BIODEGRADABLE ALIPHATIC POLYESTERS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM THESE. |
ITTO20010058A1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-07-25 | Novamont Spa | BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER TERNARY MIXTURES AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM THESE. |
US7241832B2 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2007-07-10 | bio-tec Biologische Naturverpackungen GmbH & Co., KG | Biodegradable polymer blends for use in making films, sheets and other articles of manufacture |
US7030181B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2006-04-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Films prepared from plasticized polyesters |
DE10214327A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-22 | Innogel Ag Zug | Polysaccharide-based network and process for its manufacture |
BRPI0309344B1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2015-06-09 | Paragon Products Bv | Process for the Preparation of a Pet Chewing Gum, and Pet Chewing Gum |
US6821538B2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-11-23 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Blends of starch and aliphatic-aromatic based polyester resins |
US20040024102A1 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-05 | Hayes Richard Allen | Sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic polyetherester films, coatings, and laminates |
US7285587B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2007-10-23 | Eastman Chemical Company | Flame retardant polyester compositions for calendering |
CN1525482A (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-01 | 英保达股份有限公司 | Multimedia playing device with multiple functions integrated |
US7947766B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2011-05-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Crosslinking systems for hydroxyl polymers |
US7235623B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2007-06-26 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyester compositions for calendering |
US7354653B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2008-04-08 | Eastman Chemical Company | High clarity films with improved thermal properties |
EP1694738B1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2010-03-17 | Eastman Chemical Company | High clarity films with improved thermal properties |
US6955850B1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-10-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Polymeric structures and method for making same |
US6977116B2 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-12-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Polymeric structures and method for making same |
ITMI20040947A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2004-08-11 | Novamont Spa | EXTRUDED LEAF SEMI E4SPANSA PRODUCTS FROM IT FORMATS AND THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS |
US8071695B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2011-12-06 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyeste blends with improved stress whitening for film and sheet applications |
TW200632018A (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2006-09-16 | Asahi Kasei Life & Living Corp | Matt film or sheet |
US8802754B2 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2014-08-12 | Mgpi Processing, Inc. | Starch-plastic composite resins and profiles made by extrusion |
ITMI20050452A1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-19 | Novamont Spa | ALYPATIC-AROMATIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER |
US8841362B2 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2014-09-23 | Polyvalor, Limited Partnership | Thermoplastic starch and synthetic polymer blends and method of making |
US20070021515A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | United States (as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture) | Expandable starch-based beads and method of manufacturing molded articles therefrom |
WO2007050560A2 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-03 | Mgp Ingredients, Inc. | Thermotolerant starch-polyester composites and methods of making same |
US20070129467A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | Frederic Scheer | Bio based biodegradable polymer compositions and use of same |
ITMI20061845A1 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-03-28 | Novamont Spa | STYLE BIODEGRADABLE POLYPHASIC COMPOSITIONS BASED ON STARCH |
ITMI20061844A1 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-03-28 | Novamont Spa | BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITIONS BASED ON NANOPARTICELLAR STARCH |
US8592641B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-11-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Water-sensitive biodegradable film |
EP2157131A1 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2010-02-24 | Gaia Basis Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable resin composition and method for producing the same |
US8329977B2 (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2012-12-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable water-sensitive films |
JP2009120651A (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-06-04 | Showa Highpolymer Co Ltd | Resin composition |
JP2009155531A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-16 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Resin composition, preparation method, and film including the resin composition |
JP5369673B2 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2013-12-18 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Aliphatic polyester resin composition and molded article formed by molding the same |
NZ590864A (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2012-11-30 | Tristano Pty Ltd | Compositions comprising very low density polyethylene, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer and thermoplastic starch |
GB0908928D0 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2009-07-01 | Hyflux Ltd | A biodegradable starch film |
CN102574374B (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2015-07-01 | 特里斯塔诺私人有限公司 | Multilayer film |
IT1399032B1 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2013-04-05 | Novamont Spa | ALYPATIC-AROMATIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER |
IT1396597B1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2012-12-14 | Novamont Spa | BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER MIXTURES |
IT1399031B1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2013-04-05 | Novamont Spa | BIODEGRADABLE ALIPHATIC-AROMATIC COPOLIESTERE |
US8409677B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2013-04-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Biodegradable starch-containing blend |
US8415021B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2013-04-09 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Biodegradable starch-containing composition with improved tear strength |
IT1400121B1 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2013-05-17 | Novamont Spa | ALIPHATIC-AROMATIC COPOLIESTERE AND ITS BLENDS. |
US8907155B2 (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2014-12-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable and flushable multi-layered film |
FR2969528B1 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2016-12-30 | Arkema France | PROCESS FOR EXTRUSION OF A POLYMER IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER |
EP2686379B1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2017-08-16 | Metabolic Explorer | Method for producing plasticized starch by using 1,3-propanediol and resulting composition |
CN102321249B (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-16 | 无锡碧杰生物材料科技有限公司 | Thermoplastic starch (TPS), biodegradable polyester/starch composite material and preparation thereof |
WO2013041561A1 (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-28 | Novamont S.P.A. | Stable aqueous dispersions comprising complexed starch |
US9327438B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2016-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for forming a thermoplastic composition that contains a plasticized starch polymer |
US9718258B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2017-08-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Multi-layered film containing a biopolymer |
US9056979B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2015-06-16 | Basf Se | Biodegradable polyester mixture |
CN104781341B (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2017-07-14 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Biodegradable polyester mixture |
DK2784114T3 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2016-02-08 | Anónima Minera Catalano Aragonesa Soc | BIOLOGICAL BASED AND biodegradable polymer |
DE102014223786A1 (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-11 | Basf Se | Polymer mixture for barrier film |
WO2017011574A1 (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | Basf Corporation | Pest control and/or detection system with conductive bait matrix |
US11051504B2 (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2021-07-06 | Basf Corporation | Pest control and detection system with conductive bait matrix |
WO2018114215A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | Basf Se | Furandicarboxylic acid-containing polyesters |
EP3562878A4 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2020-08-19 | Biologiq, Inc. | Carbohyrate-based polymeric materials |
US10377799B2 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2019-08-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Gluten-derived flame retardant materials |
US9969846B1 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2018-05-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Gluten-derived flame retardant macromolecules |
CN107459787A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-12-12 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | A kind of biodegradable polymer composition and its preparation method and application |
CN108795001B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2020-04-07 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | Biodegradable polymer composition and application thereof |
WO2020115221A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Basf Se | Method for preparing a (co)polyester |
JP7461339B2 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2024-04-03 | クラレファスニング株式会社 | Biodegradable hook-type molded hook-and-loop fastener with excellent moldability |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2214918B (en) | 1988-02-03 | 1992-10-07 | Warner Lambert Co | Polymeric materials made from starch and at least one synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material |
IT1233599B (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1992-04-06 | Butterfly Srl | POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC ITEMS AND PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PREPARATION |
RU2095379C1 (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1997-11-10 | НОВАМОНТ С.п.А. | Polymeric composition for manufacturing molded biodegradable products |
US5412005A (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1995-05-02 | Novamont S.P.A. | Biodegradable polymeric compositions based on starch and thermoplastic polymers |
JPH05331315A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-12-14 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Biodegradable plalstic composition containing gelatinized starch and production thereof |
US5362778A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-11-08 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Extrudable polyvinyl alcohol compositions containing modified starches |
US5500465A (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1996-03-19 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Biodegradable multi-component polymeric materials based on unmodified starch-like polysaccharides |
IT1274603B (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1997-07-18 | Novamont Spa | BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC EXPANDED MATERIALS |
PT819147E (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 2003-10-31 | Biotec Biolog Naturverpack | MIXTURE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS |
US5861461A (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1999-01-19 | Yukong Limited | Biodegradable plastic composition, method for preparing thereof and product prepared therefrom |
DE69730852T2 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2005-09-22 | Novamont S.P.A. | BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING STARCH AND A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER |
-
1998
- 1998-06-17 IT IT98TO000524A patent/ITTO980524A1/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-06-17 DK DK99201955T patent/DK0965615T3/en active
- 1999-06-17 EP EP99201955A patent/EP0965615B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-17 CN CNB998097241A patent/CN1149261C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-17 DE DE69904115T patent/DE69904115T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-17 WO PCT/EP1999/004159 patent/WO1999065990A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-17 US US09/335,238 patent/US6348524B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-17 ES ES99201955T patent/ES2185290T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-17 CA CA002334336A patent/CA2334336C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-17 AU AU48994/99A patent/AU754323B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-06-17 PT PT99201955T patent/PT965615E/en unknown
- 1999-06-17 RU RU2001101587/04A patent/RU2220167C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-17 IL IL14023899A patent/IL140238A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-17 JP JP2000554802A patent/JP4364435B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-17 KR KR1020007014335A patent/KR100587244B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-17 BR BRPI9911856-4A patent/BR9911856B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-17 AT AT99201955T patent/ATE228550T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-12-15 NO NO20006410A patent/NO20006410L/en unknown
- 2000-12-18 MX MXPA00012859 patent/MXPA00012859A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2001
- 2001-01-15 HR HR20010041A patent/HRP20010041A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-01-15 ZA ZA200100412A patent/ZA200100412B/en unknown
- 2001-01-16 IN IN78CH2001 patent/IN2001CH00078A/en unknown
-
2009
- 2009-05-26 JP JP2009126702A patent/JP4699542B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7176251B1 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2007-02-13 | Novamont S.P.A. | Biodegradable polymeric compositions comprising starch and a thermoplastic polymer |
US8747971B2 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2014-06-10 | Novamont S.P.A. | Highly-breathable biodegradable film bag |
US20080038496A1 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2008-02-14 | Novamont S. P. A. | Highly-Breathable Biodegradable Film Bag |
EP1751219B1 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2018-05-30 | NOVAMONT S.p.A. | Highly-breathable biodegradable film bag |
US7989524B2 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2011-08-02 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Fiber-reinforced starch-based compositions and methods of manufacture and use |
US20070021534A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | United States (as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture) | Fiber-reinforced starch-based compositions and methods of manufacture and use |
US20100081737A1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2010-04-01 | Novamont S.P.A. | Biodergradable composition having high mechanical characteristics |
US8809424B2 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2014-08-19 | Roquette Freres | Process for preparing compositions based on a starchy component and on a synthetic polymer |
US20110118390A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-05-19 | Roquette Freres | Process for preparing compositions based on a starchy component and on a synthetic polymer |
US8974881B2 (en) | 2008-12-26 | 2015-03-10 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Resin composition, film, bag product and production process of resin composition |
US9206306B2 (en) | 2008-12-26 | 2015-12-08 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Resin composition, film, bag product and production process of resin composition |
US20130096236A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-04-18 | Roquette Freres | Plant material compositions and method for preparing same |
WO2012010991A3 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable films |
US10752759B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2020-08-25 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for forming blended films including renewable carbohydrate-based polymeric materials with high blow up ratios and/or narrow die gaps for increased strength |
US11111363B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with renewable and/or sustainable green plastic material and carbohydrate-based polymeric materials lending increased strength and/or biodegradability |
US20190315947A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2019-10-17 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for forming blended films including renewable carbohydrate-based polymeric materials with high blow up ratios and/or narrow die gaps for increased strength |
US11926940B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-03-12 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Spunbond nonwoven materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
US10919203B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-02-16 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and biodegradability characteristics thereof |
US10920044B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-02-16 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Carbohydrate-based plastic materials with reduced odor |
US10995201B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-05-04 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and strength characteristics of the same |
US11046840B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-06-29 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for lending biodegradability to non-biodegradable plastic materials |
US11111355B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Addition of biodegradability lending additives to plastic materials |
US10214634B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2019-02-26 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and strength characteristics of same |
US11149144B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-10-19 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Marine biodegradable plastics comprising a blend of polyester and a carbohydrate-based polymeric material |
US11359088B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2022-06-14 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Polymeric articles comprising blends of PBAT, PLA and a carbohydrate-based polymeric material |
US11674018B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-06-13 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Polymer and carbohydrate-based polymeric material blends with particular particle size characteristics |
US11674014B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-06-13 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Blending of small particle starch powder with synthetic polymers for increased strength and other properties |
US11807741B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-11-07 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with renewable green plastic materials and starch-based polymeric materials lending increased biodegradability |
US11840623B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-12-12 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for lending biodegradability to non-biodegradable polyolefin and nylon materials |
US11879058B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-01-23 | Biologiq, Inc | Yarn materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
US11926929B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-03-12 | Biologiq, Inc | Melt blown nonwoven materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
WO2018125897A1 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-05 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Carbohyrate-based polymeric materials |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6348524B2 (en) | Complexed starch-containing compositions having high mechanical properties | |
US5821286A (en) | Biodegradable polyester and natural polymer compositions and films therefrom | |
US9206306B2 (en) | Resin composition, film, bag product and production process of resin composition | |
AU724397B2 (en) | Biodegradable polymeric compositions comprising starch and thermoplastic polymer | |
JP3923094B2 (en) | Melt-processable biodegradable composition and product thereof | |
JPH06502676A (en) | Biodegradable polymer compositions based on starch and thermoplastic polymers | |
JP2003073539A (en) | Highly strong biodegradable resin composition and molded article | |
JP2002327107A (en) | Polylactic acid-based film and method for producing the same | |
JP7360450B2 (en) | Method for producing polyester resin composition | |
JP2022185793A (en) | Resin composition and resin film | |
ITTO960890A1 (en) | HETEROPHASIC POLYMER COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING STARCH AND A THEMOPLASTIC POLYMER. | |
JP2527523C (en) | ||
ITTO960996A1 (en) | HETEROPHASE POLYMER COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING STARCH AND A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NOVAMONT S.P.A., ITALY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BASTIOLI, CATIA;BELLOTTI, VITTORIO;DEL TREDICI, GIANFRANCO;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010600/0584 Effective date: 19990720 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
CC | Certificate of correction | ||
CC | Certificate of correction | ||
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |