US20010010168A1 - Method of securing workpieces together - Google Patents
Method of securing workpieces together Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010010168A1 US20010010168A1 US09/809,386 US80938601A US2001010168A1 US 20010010168 A1 US20010010168 A1 US 20010010168A1 US 80938601 A US80938601 A US 80938601A US 2001010168 A1 US2001010168 A1 US 2001010168A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- seam
- louver
- jaw member
- jaw
- pneumatic cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D29/00—Hand-held metal-shearing or metal-cutting devices
- B23D29/005—Hand-held metal-shearing or metal-cutting devices for cutting sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
- Y10T29/49623—Static structure, e.g., a building component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49936—Surface interlocking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/49—Member deformed in situ
- Y10T403/4966—Deformation occurs simultaneously with assembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/49—Member deformed in situ
- Y10T403/4974—Member deformed in situ by piercing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/49—Member deformed in situ
- Y10T403/4991—Both members deformed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to tools for forming features in the joints of structural steel decking and roofing commonly used in large commercial construction, for example, as subflooring for poured concrete floors or as roofing for large industrial buildings.
- Structural steel decking is typically manufactured in thicknesses ranging from 22 gauge to 16 gauge or more.
- the decking generally is supplied to the building site in panels ranging in size from 3 feet by 15 feet to about 3 feet by 35 feet.
- Longitudinal ribs, typically hat sections or flat-bottomed vee sections of from 11 ⁇ 2 to 3 inches in depth are formed in the panels to increase the section modulus of the panels.
- the individual panels are typically provided with one edge having an exposed upward “male” lip.
- the opposite edge is provided with a female inverted “U” shaped lip.
- the individual panels are joined together by placing the female lip over the male lip and crimping the seam at periodic intervals.
- the joints must secure the panels together so as not only to prevent one panel from lifting off the other, but also to prevent the panels from shifting laterally along the seam (along the y-axis as shown in FIG. 1).
- the assembled decking adds considerable membrane strength to the finished building.
- welding or screwing of the seam is necessary to meet the specified shear strength.
- a prior art method for crimping steel decking comprises use of a hand-operated tool shown in FIG. 1, known as the 601 SEAM LOCKER, distributed by Miramar Specialties of Ventura, Calif.
- the prior art apparatus comprises a compound-lever press in which the operator moves the handles apart to provide the force to crimp the panels together.
- An optional button punch is provided to upset a portion of the seam to provide some lateral stiffness. Since the apparatus comprises merely a compound lever arrangement, however, it provides a linear multiplication of the force exerted by the operator on the handles.
- U.S. Pat. No. 1,743,209 to Groehn discloses a fastener setting device comprising a toggle-actuated jaw and anvil adapted for setting rivets, particularly in the construction of automobile bodies.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,877,280 to Cornell discloses a hand operated power assisted punch and die for crimping sheet metal studs and joists together to form a modular wall panel.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,989,438 to Simon discloses a hand-operated power assisted punch and crimp for attaching corner bead to exterior comers in sheet rock or gypsum board walls.
- Applicant's prior application Ser. No. 961,162, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,617 disclosed a pneumatically operated decking crimper having multiple button punches arranged in a staggered configuration.
- the alternating offset upset portions of the flange formed by the multiple button punches substantially increased the lateral resistance of the crimped seam.
- the inclined walls of the upset portions will tend to pry the seam apart if sufficient side loading is applied. Accordingly, the lateral resistance of the seam thus formed may not be sufficient for some extremely high stress applications. Accordingly, what is needed is an apparatus for producing a crimped joint that has lateral resistance approaching the sheer strength of the roofing panel itself.
- the present invention provides a power assisted combination shear and punch particularly suited to shearing and offsetting a portion of the crimped lip of structural steel decking and roofing panels thereby forming a structural louver in the seam.
- the invention comprises a frame supporting a pair of jaws which are opened and closed by means of a toggle linkage that is driven by an operator-controlled pneumatic cylinder.
- the input pivot of the toggle linkage is constrained to move linearly by means of a cross head formed in the frame which, in turn, causes the jaws to move in unison rather than one jaw moving against the other.
- One jaw terminates in a blade having an undercut relief in the root portion thereof, such that as the decking or roofing panel joint is sheared by the jaws, the undercut portion prevents the sheared section from breaking through to the edge of the seam.
- the other jaw has a corresponding die member which supports the seam as the sheared portion is sheared from the seam.
- the sheared portion forms a bowed tab or louver bridging the corresponding window formed in the seam.
- the interference between the louver and window provides a substantial increase in the lateral resistance (shear strength) of the crimped seam, thereby obviating the need to additionally weld or screw the seam to provide the necessary shear strength for even the highest stress applications.
- FIG. 1 is a prior art crimping tool for use with steel decking and roofing;
- FIG. 2 is a side plan view of an illustrative pneumatic shear apparatus incorporating features of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross section view of the apparatus of FIG. 2 taken along line 3 - 3 ;
- FIG. 4 is a cross section view of a bi-directional valve in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of a jaw used in the illustrative pneumatic shear
- FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of the jaw assembly of the illustrative pneumatic shear
- FIG. 7 is an end view of the jaw assembly of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a portion of decking having formed therein a structural louver in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the decking of FIG. 8 taken along line 9 - 9 .
- the present invention relates to tools for forming features in the crimped joints of structural steel decking and roofing commonly used in large commercial construction, for example, decking used as subflooring for poured concrete floors or as roofing for large industrial buildings.
- the individual decking or roofing panels are typically provided with one edge having an exposed upward “male” lip 4 .
- the opposite edge is provided with an inverted “U” shaped female lip 6 .
- the individual panels are typically joined together to form a seam 7 by placing the female lip 6 over the male lip 4 and crimping the seam at periodic intervals.
- a prior art method of crimping the seam comprises use of a crimping tool known as the 601 SEAM LOCKER in which the user positions the jaws of the tool over the joint and, by pulling the handles of the tool apart, exerts a crimping force on the seam.
- the jaws of the crimping tool close the seam 7 while the upset portion formed by the punch and die form an upset that adds some lateral resistance to the seam 7 .
- an illustrative embodiment of the present invention comprises a tool 10 comprising a frame 12 having a handle 14 adapted to be grasped by a user at about waist level so that the lower extreme of tool 10 is at about foot level.
- the central section 16 of frame 12 comprises a rectangular frame constructed of hollow tubing which supports an upper extension 18 and a lower extension 20 .
- Upper extension 18 is constructed of a single piece of rectangular tubing welded to the upper surface 22 of central section 16 or, alternatively, upper extension 18 may be constructed of individual plates welded together to form a rectangular tube.
- Lower extension 20 is formed of two parallel plates welded to spacer 24 which, in turn, is welded to central section 16 .
- a pneumatic cylinder 30 is attached to the upper edge 28 of lower extension 20 .
- Pneumatic cylinder 30 may comprise a piston inside a bore or other conventional pneumatically actuated linear motor.
- pneumatic cylinder 30 comprises a housing which is divided into upper and lower chambers 34 A and 34 B by a diaphragm 36 , which is crimped or otherwise sealed along the periphery of the housing.
- the center portion of diaphragm 36 is covered by a piston plate 38 , which acts as a rigid surface for the pressure in chamber 34 A to act upon.
- pneumatic cylinder 30 exerts a force of 4,320 pounds at an inlet pressure of 100 psi with a maximum stroke of 23 ⁇ 4 inches, which corresponds to jaw movement of about ⁇ fraction (11/16) ⁇ inch for jaws having a 23 ⁇ 4 inch blade.
- the pneumatic cylinder 30 provides the force and displacement necessary to shear and then offset a louver (as described hereinafter) in virtually all standard structural steel decking in a single-pass operation.
- Ram 40 is attached to piston plate 38 in order to convert the pressure action on piston plate 38 and diaphragm 36 into a force for actuating the jaw mechanism as hereinafter described.
- a return spring 42 acts against the pressure in chamber 34 A to return the piston plate 38 to the upper limit of travel when the pressure in chamber 34 A is equal to the pressure in chamber 34 B.
- the lower end of ram 40 terminates in a clevis 44 through which passes a clevis pin 46 .
- clevis pin 46 passes through the upper ends 56 , 58 of the input links 50 and 52 of a toggle linkage 60 .
- the lower ends 62 and 64 of input links 50 and 52 are pivotally attached to the upper ends 66 and 68 of jaws 70 and 72 .
- Jaws 70 and 72 are pivotally attached to the lower end of lower extension 20 of frame 12 to open and close in response to the movement of toggle linkage 60 .
- jaw 70 comprises a single blade while jaw 72 comprises a pair of blades 72 A and 72 B constrained by link pin 74 to move in unison.
- a cross-head slot 48 is provided in lower extension 20 .
- Cross-head slot 48 engages clevis pin 46 to constrain clevis pin 46 , which comprises the toggle input, to move linearly and, therefore, to constrain the jaws 70 and 72 to move in equal and opposite directions.
- a conventional air valve 100 housed within upper extension 18 regulates a source of pressurized air admitted through fitting 104 and provides a pressurized output into hose 106 for admittance into pneumatic cylinder 30 .
- An external valve handle 102 is provided for controlling air valve 100 by the operator.
- a bi-directional valve 120 is operatively disposed between air valve 100 and pneumatic cylinder 30 to admit pressurized air into pneumatic cylinder 30 when air valve 100 is open and to exhaust air from pneumatic cylinder 30 when air valve 100 is closed, thereby allowing pneumatic cylinder 30 to return to its upper limit of travel more rapidly, and thereby increasing the cycle rate of the apparatus.
- a bi-directional valve 120 comprises a housing 122 having an inlet 124 which is threaded to receive a standard hose or tube fitting, an outlet 126 which is threaded to form an airtight seal with the inlet 128 (FIG. 2) of pneumatic cylinder 30 .
- Housing 122 further comprises an exhaust port 130 .
- Valve seat 132 is formed on the inner surface of exhaust port 130 .
- a flexible valve member 134 is constrained within chamber 136 of housing 122 . As can be seen from FIG. 4, as high pressure air from air valve 100 enters through inlet 124 , valve member 134 is forced against valve seat 132 to close off exhaust port 130 and direct the flow of air through outlet 126 into pneumatic cylinder 30 .
- air from pneumatic cylinder 30 begins to reverse direction and enter housing 122 through outlet 126 .
- the reversed flow of air through outlet 126 causes valve member 134 to seat against surface 138 , thereby opening exhaust portion 130 to permit relatively unobstructed exhaust of pressurized air from pneumatic cylinder 30 .
- FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of jaw 70 of the apparatus of FIG. 2.
- jaw 70 comprises input arm 76 , output arm 78 and bearing journal 80 about which jaw 70 pivots under the urging of pneumatic cylinder 30 .
- Output arm 78 comprises a blade portion 82 having a rounded tip 83 and an undercut region 84 in the region of the root 86 of blade 82 .
- the depth dimension “d,” of undercut region 84 at a minimum is equal to the stroke of blade 82 as urged by pneumatic cylinder 30 plus one-half the thickness of flange 7 such that the upper end of flange 7 is not sheared by blade 82 .
- the maximum depth “d” may be as large as desired to provide additional clearance, however, the undercut region 84 should not be so large as to reduce the strength of blade 82 below that necessary to effect the shearing action of flange 7 as described hereinafter.
- jaw subassembly 88 comprises jaw 70 and jaw assembly 72 comprising jaw 72 A and jaw 72 B all pivoted about a common shaft 91 .
- jaw 70 is displaced into the page from jaw 72 A and jaw 72 B is further displaced into the page from jaw 70 .
- Jaw 72 B is not visible in FIG. 6 because it is identical to and directly behind jaw 72 A. In the open position as depicted in FIG.
- blade 82 is displaced from blades 82 ′ and 82 ′′ of jaw 72 A and jaw 72 B, respectively, such that a flange 7 consisting of male lip 4 and female lip 6 can be inserted into the gap 92 defined between surface 90 of blade 82 and surface 90 ′, 90 ′′ of blades 82 ′, 82 ′′.
- a user positions jaws 70 and 72 over flange 7 and depresses the valve lever.
- High pressure air entering pneumatic cylinder 30 causes ram 40 to be forced downward, exerting a force on clevis 44 .
- Toggle linkage 60 actuated by the force on clevis 44 begins its motion from a first position as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and in which the force multiplication of the toggle linkage is minimum.
- Toggle linkage 60 is then urged by ram 40 to a second position (not shown) in which the longitudinal axis of links 50 and 42 are collinear and the force multiplication of the toggle linkage theoretically approaches infinity.
- blades 82 , 82 ′, 82 ′′ then cooperate to deform the tab 160 into a bow-shape supported at the orthogonal ends 162 and 164 , which bridges the window 166 that is formed in flange 7 by the shearing of tab 160 .
- the action of blades 82 ′ and 82 ′′ on supporting seam 7 also deforms seam 7 slightly to form bulges 163 , 165 extending in a direction opposite the deformation of tab 160 .
- the displaced tab 160 comprising crimped portions of lip 4 and “U” shaped lip 6 is displaced in a direction opposite the reveal portion 168 of window 166 .
- the displaced tab 160 will bear against the reveal portion 168 of window 166 in the regions indicated at 170 and 172 .
- the bearing in these regions 170 and 172 is substantially normal to the contacting surfaces, therefore, no mechanical advantage is generated that would tend to pry on tab 160 or otherwise restore displaced tab 160 to its original configuration. Accordingly, in order for the seam to shift laterally, tab 160 would need to be sheared in the “y” direction by reveal 168 of window 166 .
- the shear strength of a seam 7 sheared and upset using tool 10 has a lateral stiffness that approaches the shear strength of the decking material itself.
- the force multiplication of a toggle linkage such as is used in the present invention is highly sensitive to the beginning and ending gap of the jaws 70 and 72 .
- the toggle linkage may begin to go over center before the louvering operation is complete or, particularly where lighter gauge metal is used, the louvering may be complete before the linkage approaches its maximum force multiplication, thereby reducing the efficiency of the stroke.
- means are provided to permit both the input stroke to clevis 44 to be adjusted as well as the linkage ratio of the toggle linkage itself.
- the input stroke is adjustable by means of a threaded engagement 140 (FIG. 3) between ram 40 and clevis 44 .
- the linkage ratio of the toggle linkage 60 (FIG.
- jaw assembly 72 is made from two identical jaws 72 A and 72 B that are identical mirror images of jaw 70 , however, jaw assembly 72 could be made as a one-piece die without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention shall be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and the rules and principles of applicable law.
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a Divisional application of co-pending U.S. patent application having application Ser. No. 09/356,540 filed on Jul. 19, 1999, by James R. Parker and titled “PNEUMATIC SHEAR FOR FORMING STRUCTURAL LOUVERS.”
- The present invention relates to tools for forming features in the joints of structural steel decking and roofing commonly used in large commercial construction, for example, as subflooring for poured concrete floors or as roofing for large industrial buildings. Structural steel decking is typically manufactured in thicknesses ranging from 22 gauge to 16 gauge or more. The decking generally is supplied to the building site in panels ranging in size from 3 feet by 15 feet to about 3 feet by 35 feet. Longitudinal ribs, typically hat sections or flat-bottomed vee sections of from 1½ to 3 inches in depth are formed in the panels to increase the section modulus of the panels. The individual panels are typically provided with one edge having an exposed upward “male” lip. The opposite edge is provided with a female inverted “U” shaped lip. The individual panels are joined together by placing the female lip over the male lip and crimping the seam at periodic intervals. In many applications, the joints must secure the panels together so as not only to prevent one panel from lifting off the other, but also to prevent the panels from shifting laterally along the seam (along the y-axis as shown in FIG. 1). By holding the panels securely enough to prevent lateral shifting, the assembled decking adds considerable membrane strength to the finished building. Given the inherent weakness of crimped joints to lateral shifting, typically where high membrane strength is required, welding or screwing of the seam is necessary to meet the specified shear strength.
- A prior art method for crimping steel decking comprises use of a hand-operated tool shown in FIG. 1, known as the 601 SEAM LOCKER, distributed by Miramar Specialties of Ventura, Calif. The prior art apparatus comprises a compound-lever press in which the operator moves the handles apart to provide the force to crimp the panels together. An optional button punch is provided to upset a portion of the seam to provide some lateral stiffness. Since the apparatus comprises merely a compound lever arrangement, however, it provides a linear multiplication of the force exerted by the operator on the handles. As can be appreciated from the foregoing, hand crimping of thousands of seams is a laborious task and, given the inevitability of operator fatigue, an inherently unreliable method for providing seams having the uniformity necessary to achieve a high degree of lateral stiffness.
- Various portable power tools have been developed for setting rivets, crimping sheet metal trusses, and for other applications. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,743,209 to Groehn discloses a fastener setting device comprising a toggle-actuated jaw and anvil adapted for setting rivets, particularly in the construction of automobile bodies. U.S. Pat. No. 3,877,280 to Cornell discloses a hand operated power assisted punch and die for crimping sheet metal studs and joists together to form a modular wall panel. U.S. Pat. No. 4,989,438 to Simon discloses a hand-operated power assisted punch and crimp for attaching corner bead to exterior comers in sheet rock or gypsum board walls.
- Applicant's prior application Ser. No. 961,162, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,617 (incorporated herein by reference) disclosed a pneumatically operated decking crimper having multiple button punches arranged in a staggered configuration. The alternating offset upset portions of the flange formed by the multiple button punches substantially increased the lateral resistance of the crimped seam. However, the inclined walls of the upset portions will tend to pry the seam apart if sufficient side loading is applied. Accordingly, the lateral resistance of the seam thus formed may not be sufficient for some extremely high stress applications. Accordingly, what is needed is an apparatus for producing a crimped joint that has lateral resistance approaching the sheer strength of the roofing panel itself.
- The present invention provides a power assisted combination shear and punch particularly suited to shearing and offsetting a portion of the crimped lip of structural steel decking and roofing panels thereby forming a structural louver in the seam. In a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a frame supporting a pair of jaws which are opened and closed by means of a toggle linkage that is driven by an operator-controlled pneumatic cylinder. The input pivot of the toggle linkage is constrained to move linearly by means of a cross head formed in the frame which, in turn, causes the jaws to move in unison rather than one jaw moving against the other. One jaw terminates in a blade having an undercut relief in the root portion thereof, such that as the decking or roofing panel joint is sheared by the jaws, the undercut portion prevents the sheared section from breaking through to the edge of the seam. The other jaw has a corresponding die member which supports the seam as the sheared portion is sheared from the seam. The sheared portion forms a bowed tab or louver bridging the corresponding window formed in the seam. The interference between the louver and window provides a substantial increase in the lateral resistance (shear strength) of the crimped seam, thereby obviating the need to additionally weld or screw the seam to provide the necessary shear strength for even the highest stress applications.
- The present invention will be better understood from a reading of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures in which like references designate like elements and in which:
- FIG. 1 is a prior art crimping tool for use with steel decking and roofing;
- FIG. 2 is a side plan view of an illustrative pneumatic shear apparatus incorporating features of the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross section view of the apparatus of FIG. 2 taken along line3-3;
- FIG. 4 is a cross section view of a bi-directional valve in accordance with the present invention;
- FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of a jaw used in the illustrative pneumatic shear;
- FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of the jaw assembly of the illustrative pneumatic shear;
- FIG. 7 is an end view of the jaw assembly of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a portion of decking having formed therein a structural louver in accordance with the present invention; and
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the decking of FIG. 8 taken along line9-9.
- The drawing figures are intended to illustrate the general manner of construction and are not necessarily to scale. In the description and in the claims, the terms left, right, front and back and the like are used for descriptive purposes. However, it is understood that the embodiment of the invention described herein is capable of operation in other orientations than is shown and the terms so used are only for the purpose of describing relative positions and are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances.
- The present invention relates to tools for forming features in the crimped joints of structural steel decking and roofing commonly used in large commercial construction, for example, decking used as subflooring for poured concrete floors or as roofing for large industrial buildings. As shown in FIG. 1, the individual decking or roofing panels are typically provided with one edge having an exposed upward “male”
lip 4. The opposite edge is provided with an inverted “U” shapedfemale lip 6. The individual panels are typically joined together to form aseam 7 by placing thefemale lip 6 over themale lip 4 and crimping the seam at periodic intervals. A prior art method of crimping the seam comprises use of a crimping tool known as the 601 SEAM LOCKER in which the user positions the jaws of the tool over the joint and, by pulling the handles of the tool apart, exerts a crimping force on the seam. The jaws of the crimping tool close theseam 7 while the upset portion formed by the punch and die form an upset that adds some lateral resistance to theseam 7. - Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, an illustrative embodiment of the present invention comprises a
tool 10 comprising aframe 12 having ahandle 14 adapted to be grasped by a user at about waist level so that the lower extreme oftool 10 is at about foot level. Thecentral section 16 offrame 12 comprises a rectangular frame constructed of hollow tubing which supports anupper extension 18 and alower extension 20.Upper extension 18 is constructed of a single piece of rectangular tubing welded to theupper surface 22 ofcentral section 16 or, alternatively,upper extension 18 may be constructed of individual plates welded together to form a rectangular tube.Lower extension 20 is formed of two parallel plates welded tospacer 24 which, in turn, is welded tocentral section 16. - Referring to FIG. 3, a
pneumatic cylinder 30 is attached to theupper edge 28 oflower extension 20.Pneumatic cylinder 30 may comprise a piston inside a bore or other conventional pneumatically actuated linear motor. Preferably,pneumatic cylinder 30 comprises a housing which is divided into upper andlower chambers diaphragm 36, which is crimped or otherwise sealed along the periphery of the housing. The center portion ofdiaphragm 36 is covered by apiston plate 38, which acts as a rigid surface for the pressure inchamber 34A to act upon. In the illustrative embodiment,pneumatic cylinder 30 exerts a force of 4,320 pounds at an inlet pressure of 100 psi with a maximum stroke of 2¾ inches, which corresponds to jaw movement of about {fraction (11/16)} inch for jaws having a 2¾ inch blade. Thus, when used in combination with the toggle linkage as described herein, thepneumatic cylinder 30 provides the force and displacement necessary to shear and then offset a louver (as described hereinafter) in virtually all standard structural steel decking in a single-pass operation. -
Ram 40 is attached topiston plate 38 in order to convert the pressure action onpiston plate 38 anddiaphragm 36 into a force for actuating the jaw mechanism as hereinafter described. Areturn spring 42 acts against the pressure inchamber 34A to return thepiston plate 38 to the upper limit of travel when the pressure inchamber 34A is equal to the pressure inchamber 34B. - The lower end of
ram 40 terminates in aclevis 44 through which passes aclevis pin 46. In addition to passing throughclevis 44,clevis pin 46 passes through the upper ends 56, 58 of the input links 50 and 52 of atoggle linkage 60. The lower ends 62 and 64 ofinput links jaws Jaws lower extension 20 offrame 12 to open and close in response to the movement oftoggle linkage 60. As shown in FIG. 3,jaw 70 comprises a single blade whilejaw 72 comprises a pair ofblades link pin 74 to move in unison. Across-head slot 48 is provided inlower extension 20.Cross-head slot 48 engagesclevis pin 46 to constrainclevis pin 46, which comprises the toggle input, to move linearly and, therefore, to constrain thejaws - A
conventional air valve 100 housed withinupper extension 18 regulates a source of pressurized air admitted through fitting 104 and provides a pressurized output intohose 106 for admittance intopneumatic cylinder 30. Anexternal valve handle 102 is provided for controllingair valve 100 by the operator. Preferably, abi-directional valve 120 is operatively disposed betweenair valve 100 andpneumatic cylinder 30 to admit pressurized air intopneumatic cylinder 30 whenair valve 100 is open and to exhaust air frompneumatic cylinder 30 whenair valve 100 is closed, thereby allowingpneumatic cylinder 30 to return to its upper limit of travel more rapidly, and thereby increasing the cycle rate of the apparatus. - As shown more fully in FIG. 4, a
bi-directional valve 120 comprises ahousing 122 having aninlet 124 which is threaded to receive a standard hose or tube fitting, anoutlet 126 which is threaded to form an airtight seal with the inlet 128 (FIG. 2) ofpneumatic cylinder 30.Housing 122 further comprises anexhaust port 130.Valve seat 132 is formed on the inner surface ofexhaust port 130. Aflexible valve member 134 is constrained withinchamber 136 ofhousing 122. As can be seen from FIG. 4, as high pressure air fromair valve 100 enters throughinlet 124,valve member 134 is forced againstvalve seat 132 to close offexhaust port 130 and direct the flow of air throughoutlet 126 intopneumatic cylinder 30. Onceair valve 100 is closed, air frompneumatic cylinder 30 begins to reverse direction and enterhousing 122 throughoutlet 126. The reversed flow of air throughoutlet 126 causesvalve member 134 to seat againstsurface 138, thereby openingexhaust portion 130 to permit relatively unobstructed exhaust of pressurized air frompneumatic cylinder 30. - FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of
jaw 70 of the apparatus of FIG. 2. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, each ofjaws jaw 70 and therefore will not be discussed in detail.Jaw 70 comprisesinput arm 76,output arm 78 andbearing journal 80 about whichjaw 70 pivots under the urging ofpneumatic cylinder 30.Output arm 78 comprises ablade portion 82 having a roundedtip 83 and an undercutregion 84 in the region of theroot 86 ofblade 82. Preferably, the depth dimension “d,” of undercutregion 84 at a minimum is equal to the stroke ofblade 82 as urged bypneumatic cylinder 30 plus one-half the thickness offlange 7 such that the upper end offlange 7 is not sheared byblade 82. The maximum depth “d” may be as large as desired to provide additional clearance, however, the undercutregion 84 should not be so large as to reduce the strength ofblade 82 below that necessary to effect the shearing action offlange 7 as described hereinafter. - As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7,
jaw subassembly 88 comprisesjaw 70 andjaw assembly 72 comprisingjaw 72A andjaw 72B all pivoted about acommon shaft 91. As shown in FIG. 6,jaw 70 is displaced into the page fromjaw 72A andjaw 72B is further displaced into the page fromjaw 70.Jaw 72B is not visible in FIG. 6 because it is identical to and directly behindjaw 72A. In the open position as depicted in FIG. 6,blade 82 is displaced fromblades 82′ and 82″ ofjaw 72A andjaw 72B, respectively, such that aflange 7 consisting ofmale lip 4 andfemale lip 6 can be inserted into thegap 92 defined betweensurface 90 ofblade 82 andsurface 90′, 90″ ofblades 82′, 82″. - With reference in particular to FIGS. 2, 3,6 and 8, in operation of the
tool 10 in accordance with the present invention, a user positionsjaws flange 7 and depresses the valve lever. High pressure air enteringpneumatic cylinder 30 causes ram 40 to be forced downward, exerting a force onclevis 44.Toggle linkage 60 actuated by the force onclevis 44 begins its motion from a first position as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and in which the force multiplication of the toggle linkage is minimum.Toggle linkage 60 is then urged byram 40 to a second position (not shown) in which the longitudinal axis oflinks - The force input from
links cause jaws blade 82 to pass betweensurfaces 90′, 90″ ofblades 82′, 82″. The edges ofblades blade 82 andblades 82′ and 82″ is held sufficiently narrow thatblades 82′ and 82″ cooperate to act as a die against whichblade 82 works to shear thelateral edges orthogonal edges seam 7 intact. The action ofblades tab 160 into a bow-shape supported at the orthogonal ends 162 and 164, which bridges thewindow 166 that is formed inflange 7 by the shearing oftab 160. The action ofblades 82′ and 82″ on supportingseam 7 also deformsseam 7 slightly to formbulges tab 160. - As shown in FIG. 8, the displaced
tab 160 comprising crimped portions oflip 4 and “U” shapedlip 6 is displaced in a direction opposite thereveal portion 168 ofwindow 166. Ifseam 7 is subjected to a shear loading in the “y” direction shown in FIG. 1, the displacedtab 160 will bear against thereveal portion 168 ofwindow 166 in the regions indicated at 170 and 172. The bearing in theseregions tab 160 or otherwise restore displacedtab 160 to its original configuration. Accordingly, in order for the seam to shift laterally,tab 160 would need to be sheared in the “y” direction byreveal 168 ofwindow 166. Accordingly, the shear strength of aseam 7 sheared and upset usingtool 10 has a lateral stiffness that approaches the shear strength of the decking material itself. By providing a mechanical feature inseam 7 that produces such extremely high shear strength, the need to screw theseam 7 together (a laborious task with substantial additional material costs) or weld the seam 7 (which releases toxic fumes when used on galvanized decking) is obviated. - The force multiplication of a toggle linkage such as is used in the present invention is highly sensitive to the beginning and ending gap of the
jaws ram 40 andclevis 44. Similarly, the linkage ratio of the toggle linkage 60 (FIG. 2) is adjustable by means of a threadedengagement 142 between anupper half 144 and alower half 146 oflink 52. Manipulation of the aforementioned adjustments permits the input stroke to be regulated to prevent thetoggle linkage 60 from going over center, which could lead to the mechanism becoming jammed, and permits the linkage ratio of thetoggle linkage 60 to be adjusted to provide a predetermined displacement oftab 160 when thetoggle linkage 60 is in the on-center position with the axis oflinks - Although certain preferred embodiments and methods have been disclosed herein, it will be apparent from the foregoing disclosure to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications of such embodiments and methods may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, in the illustrative embodiment the “die” formed by
jaw assembly 72 is made from twoidentical jaws jaw 70, however,jaw assembly 72 could be made as a one-piece die without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention shall be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and the rules and principles of applicable law.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/809,386 US6397469B2 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2001-03-15 | Method of securing workpieces together |
US09/918,017 US20010039704A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2001-07-30 | Steel deck structure having sheared/offset seam joints |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/356,540 US6212932B1 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 1999-07-19 | Pneumatic shear for forming structural louvers |
US09/809,386 US6397469B2 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2001-03-15 | Method of securing workpieces together |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/356,540 Division US6212932B1 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 1999-07-19 | Pneumatic shear for forming structural louvers |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/918,017 Continuation US20010039704A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2001-07-30 | Steel deck structure having sheared/offset seam joints |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20010010168A1 true US20010010168A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
US6397469B2 US6397469B2 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/356,540 Expired - Lifetime US6212932B1 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 1999-07-19 | Pneumatic shear for forming structural louvers |
US09/809,386 Expired - Lifetime US6397469B2 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2001-03-15 | Method of securing workpieces together |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/356,540 Expired - Lifetime US6212932B1 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 1999-07-19 | Pneumatic shear for forming structural louvers |
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US (2) | US6212932B1 (en) |
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US6990781B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2006-01-31 | Varco Pruden Technologies, Inc. | Decking assembly with an interlocking seam structure |
US7021108B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2006-04-04 | Varco Pruden Technologies, Inc. | Punching tool for connecting decking panels together |
NL1028334C2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-21 | Holmatro Ind Equip | Hinge bolt construction with lock. |
US8448316B1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2013-05-28 | See Wai Chan | Method and apparatus for single hand attachment of drywall corner beads |
US11872644B2 (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2024-01-16 | Asc Profiles Llc | Pneumatic tool |
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US20060180736A1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2006-08-17 | Kandiah & Associates Sdn. Bhd. | Pre-cast concrete panels for construction of a building |
US6692916B2 (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2004-02-17 | Source Precision Medicine, Inc. | Systems and methods for characterizing a biological condition or agent using precision gene expression profiles |
SE523193C2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-03-30 | Pressmaster Ab | Tongs e.g. hand crimping tool for pressing cable shoe, has length adjustable link including two parts and pivot shaft that carries rounded body with mutually discrete recesses that co-act along link axis |
US7353584B2 (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2008-04-08 | Consolidated Systems, Inc. | Deck tool |
US7434314B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2008-10-14 | Virgil Morton | Tool and method for joining sidelapped joints of deck panels |
US7621165B2 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2009-11-24 | Wheeling-Corrugating Company | Crimp tool |
FR2921124B1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2014-11-21 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | OUTPUT SHAFT OF A STARTING DEVICE |
WO2009058123A1 (en) * | 2007-10-28 | 2009-05-07 | Consolidated Systems, Inc. | Deck tool |
US10435890B2 (en) | 2011-09-25 | 2019-10-08 | Nucor Corporation | Joining tool for side-lapped joints |
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US10093010B2 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2018-10-09 | Hubbell Incorporated | Multi-stage hydraulic tool |
US9845599B2 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-12-19 | Nucor Corporation | Structural steel decking system and method of securing |
US9863146B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2018-01-09 | Nucor Corporation | Structural panel systems with a nested sidelap and method of securing |
US10370851B2 (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2019-08-06 | Nucor Corporation | Structural systems with improved sidelap and buckling spans |
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CN113829102B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-02-18 | 常州卡斯特铝精密铸造科技有限公司 | Flexible automatic production device for flywheel housing processing |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6990781B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2006-01-31 | Varco Pruden Technologies, Inc. | Decking assembly with an interlocking seam structure |
US7021108B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2006-04-04 | Varco Pruden Technologies, Inc. | Punching tool for connecting decking panels together |
NL1028334C2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-21 | Holmatro Ind Equip | Hinge bolt construction with lock. |
WO2006088363A3 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-10-12 | Holmatro Ind Equip | Pivot of a pivoting tool, and locking means |
US8448316B1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2013-05-28 | See Wai Chan | Method and apparatus for single hand attachment of drywall corner beads |
US11872644B2 (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2024-01-16 | Asc Profiles Llc | Pneumatic tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6397469B2 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
US6212932B1 (en) | 2001-04-10 |
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