US20010006724A1 - Cutting tool with multilayer, wear-resistant coating - Google Patents
Cutting tool with multilayer, wear-resistant coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010006724A1 US20010006724A1 US09/745,955 US74595500A US2001006724A1 US 20010006724 A1 US20010006724 A1 US 20010006724A1 US 74595500 A US74595500 A US 74595500A US 2001006724 A1 US2001006724 A1 US 2001006724A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- coating
- bonding layer
- aluminum
- cutting
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 206
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 halogenated aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910011208 Ti—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010252 TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/36—Carbonitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
- C23C16/403—Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cutting tool or cutting insert and to a method for producing a cutting insert or a cutting tool which has a wear-resistant coating built up in multiple layer.
- Cutting tools are subject to various stresses in operation that over time lead to wear. Wear means both the wearing down of chip faces and flanks and breakage of cutting edges. Furthermore, under conditions of heavy stress high temperatures also occur, which can cause diffusion wear and oxidation wear of edges and faces of the cutting tool. To reduce wear especially at high machining capacities, various coatings of cutting tools or cutting inserts have been developed.
- a hard metal cutting insert that is provided with a multilayer coating.
- the coating has a thickness of 3 to 20 ⁇ m and is formed on a hard metal body by chemical or physical vapor deposition processes (CVD or PVD).
- the coating contains an aluminum oxide layer with a very low proportion of chlorine.
- the aluminum oxide layer has a relatively great hardness. It also acts as an oxidized surface layer and at the same time as an oxidation protectant for underlying layers and is thus especially well suited to tools that are subject to tribochemical attack. It acts as a protectant against tribochemical wear processes such as diffusion and oxidation and also acts as thermal insulation and thus protects against plastic deformation.
- European Patent Disclosure EP 0 736 615 A2 also proposes an aluminum oxide layer as an outermost layer of a multilayer coating of a cutting tool. Between the aluminum oxide layer and the actual hard metal body, a plurality of layers acting as intermediate coatings or underlying layers are formed.
- the substrate layer that is in immediate contact with the aluminum oxide layer is a titanium carbonitride oxide layer with a thickness of between 0.1 and 2 ⁇ m and a needle-like crystal structure. Under this layer, one or more layers with a columnar crystal structure, composed of the same chemical elements, are formed.
- the adherence of the aluminum oxide layer to the substrate is one essential factor. It is especially stressed upon plastic deformation and in interrupted cutting (milling, turning on a lathe, drilling) of steel and casting materials, especially such high-strength materials as 42CrMo4V and 56NiCrMoV7.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,958,569 proposes a titanium carbonitride bonding layer between an outer aluminum oxide layer and a titanium nitride layer located beneath it.
- the bonding layer is meant to form interlocking microscopic fingers between the oxide coating and the metal carbonitride coating.
- an oxide layer preferably an aluminum oxide layer
- Periodic Table groups refer especially to the following elements: (the heavier elements of these groups not listed here would normally not be used):
- Group III B, Al, Sc, Y, In, La and Tl;
- Group IV C, Si, Ti, Ge, Zr, Sn, Hf and Pb;
- Group V N, P, V, As, Nb, Sb, Ta and Bi;
- Group VI O, S, Cr, Se, Mo, The, W and Po.
- the machining tool and cutting insert according to the invention have an aluminum oxide layer, which is retained on the underlying coatings by means of a bonding layer.
- the underlying coating is for example a titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride layer, and in addition to or in place of the titanium, the layer can also contain still other metals of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements.
- the bonding layer firmly holds the aluminum oxide layer on the substrate and thus prevents or inhibits abrasion or breakage, flaking off or peeling off of the aluminum oxide layer.
- the improved adherence of the aluminum oxide layer to the substrate allows a heavier load on the machining tool or cutting insert and a longer service life thereof possible.
- FIG. 1 in a side view, a cutting tool with a multilayer-coated cutting insert
- FIG. 2 in an enlarged sectional view, the layer structure of wear-protection layers of the cutting insert of the cutting tool of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 a transmission electron micrograph of the layer structure of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 3 a an optical micrograph of the bonding layer of FIG. 3, ground obliquely;
- FIG. 4 an electron micrograph of the bonding layer in a plan view enlarged 5000 times
- FIG. 5 the bonding layer of FIG. 4 in a scanning electron micrograph enlarged 10000 times.
- FIG. 6 an x-ray spectrograph, derived from the layer structure of FIG. 3, of a layer sequence up to a bonding layer designed to be thicker (3 ⁇ m).
- the weight content used herein to describe the invention is atomic %.
- the bonding layer contains a metal of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements and an element of the Group III of the periodic system, such as boron or aluminum as well as carbon and/or nitrogen and/or oxygen. It has been found that the presence of a second element of the Group III along with the metal of Group IV, V or VI (such as titanium) can improve the adherence of the oxide layer. In particular, it has proved to be expedient to provide titanium and aluminum in the bonding layer. The titanium component should predominate, and the aluminum component should be rather slight (e.g. dopant quantity). The bonding layer thus forms crystals that can grow solidly, or merge with, the crystals of the aluminum oxide layer located above.
- the aluminum oxide layer is thus to a certain extent rooted in the bonding layer. This can be achieved in particular if the bonding layer is a layer, in which the aluminum content is at most about 4%, preferably 0.1 to 4%, most preferably 0.5% to 3% and best at 0.5 to 2% and the oxygen content is about 0.1 to 6%.
- Aluminum titanate which enables good adherence to the aluminum oxide layer, can thus form in the bonding layer.
- the bonding layer can contain relatively larger proportions of titanium carbonitride.
- a preferred bonding layer is one characterized in that it is a Ti—Al—C—N—O layer wherein Ti(C x N y ) forms a matrix wherein Al TiO is dispersed throughout.
- the Al content is as indicated above.
- the aluminum is preferably in the form of aluminum titanate (Al 2 TiO 3 ).
- the bonding layer is preferably relatively thin, specifically markedly thinner than the aluminum oxide layer and the underlying coating. Layer thicknesses of 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m are considered advantageous. The layer thickness is preferably 1 ⁇ m.
- the metal of the underlying coating is preferably titanium, but the other metals named can also be used, individually or in mixtures with titanium or with one another.
- the underlying coating can in turn be built up in multiple layers and can for example include a titanium nitride layer approximately 0.5 ⁇ m thick and/or a titanium carbonitride layer 1 to 16 ⁇ m thick.
- carbon and/or oxygen for example, can be present as contaminants, originating for example in the underlying coating material or other sources.
- the underlying coating is preferably a layer created by the medium-temperature method.
- the bonding layer allows the solid connection of this medium-temperature layer (base layer) and the aluminum oxide layer.
- the aluminum oxide layer can be built up as an ⁇ -aluminum oxide or as a ⁇ -aluminum oxide or as an oxide layer that contains multiple modifications.
- the bonding layer preferably has a flake-like or whisker-like laminated crystal structure.
- the flake-like crystals of the bonding layer leave interstices open into which the aluminum oxide layer can grow and in which, as a result of the aluminum content of the bonding layer, nucleation nuclei are already present for the aluminum oxide layer being grown.
- An intimate connection can thus be obtained between the aluminum oxide layer and the bonding layer and thus between the aluminum oxide layer and the substrate. It has been demonstrated that the oxidation potential of the reaction gas mixture, in the deposition of the aluminum oxide layer before and during the nucleation phase need not be kept excessively low.
- the content of water and other oxidants is not so critical because of the bonding layer, which already contains nucleation nuclei for the aluminum oxide layer.
- the bonding layer contains quite a large number of nucleation nuclei, or acts with its structures like a large number of nucleation nuclei. In the subsequent deposition of the Al 2 O 3 layer, this brings about an especially fine-crystalline embodiment of this layer. For a layer thickness of about 6 ⁇ m, particle widths as low as only 1 to 1.5 ⁇ m are achieved.
- a machining tool 1 is shown in detail, as an example.
- the machining tool 1 is an end-milling cutter with a tool base body 2 that in operation rotates about an axis of rotation 3 .
- this cutting insert 5 is a hard metal cutting insert, for instance a tungsten carbide and cobalt hard metal cutting insert.
- Other substrate materials, such as HSS, sintered ceramics or cermets, hard metals carbides or mixed carbides, or the like are other examples of other known substrate materials which can be used.
- the hard metal cutting insert 5 has a wear-reducing coating 6 , shown schematically in FIG. 2. The coating 6 adheres to a hard metal base body 7 and covers it both on the cutting edges and on other functionally determining faces, such as the chip face and the flank.
- the wear-reducing coating 6 includes a substrate 8 , built up in one or more layers, which has been deposited at least for the most part by the medium-temperature method.
- the substrate 8 is substantially a titanium carbonitride layer (TiCN) with a columnar crystal structure and a thickness of 1 to 16 ⁇ m.
- TiCN titanium carbonitride layer
- TiN titanium nitride layer
- the wear-reducing coating 6 contains an aluminum oxide layer 9 above the substrate 8 .
- the aluminum oxide layer 9 can be ⁇ -aluminum oxide, ⁇ -aluminum oxide, or can be different from one region to another or mixed ⁇ / ⁇ -aluminum oxide.
- the aluminum oxide layer 9 can if needed also have a cover layer 11 built up in one or more layers, for example comprising a compound of an element of Group IV, V or VI (Hf, Zr, Ti) with carbon, nitrogen and/or boron, or zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, boron carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride, or other compounds.
- a cover layer 11 built up in one or more layers, for example comprising a compound of an element of Group IV, V or VI (Hf, Zr, Ti) with carbon, nitrogen and/or boron, or zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, boron carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride, or other compounds.
- the substrate 8 contains what are sometimes hardly unavoidable contaminants, which can originate in the substrate material or adhere to the process gases, such as oxygen. Contaminants from cobalt, for instance, which can originate in the substrate material, preferentially diffuse along the crystal or particle boundaries and can thus, beginning at the substrate material, penetrate through the entire base layers.
- a bonding layer 12 is provided between them; its thickness can be defined to be in the range from 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the bonding layer is a titanium aluminum carbonitride oxide layer Ti—Al—C—N—O, whose structure can be seen in FIGS.
- the Ti—Al—C—N—O layer 12 is grown on the substrate 8 , which has a columnar structure, and on its top side toward the aluminum oxide layer, it has a surface that is fissured to the extreme.
- the surface structure of the Ti—Al—C—N—O layer 12 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It has a flake-like crystal structure, and there are pores and interstices between individual crystallites. As the aluminum oxide layer continues to be applied, the crystal growth of the aluminum oxide layer begins in these pores and interstices and thus gains excellent bonding.
- the cover layer 11 is for example built up in multiple layers as well and includes a Ti—N layer, a ⁇ -aluminum oxide layer, and another Ti—N layer.
- the result is accordingly the following layer structure:
- additional layers totalling 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m in thickness, TiN—K—Al 2 O 3 —TiN, TiCN/TiN, Ti—B—C—N, HfN, HfCN, or the like.
- the substrate 8 is formed.
- a suitable substrate material such as tungsten carbide or other sintering material.
- Acetonitrile or a mixture of a nitrogen and alkanes is used for example as a carbon and nitrogen donor.
- the substrate usually grows with a columnar crystal structure.
- the bonding layer is formed.
- the cutting tool or cutting insert 5 is placed, at a temperature of between 900° C. and 1100° C. (preferably about 1000° C.), in an atmosphere that contains precursors for aluminum and titanium. These precursors can be titanium tetrachloride and aluminum trichloride.
- the atmosphere contains methane or another alkane or acetonitrile (CH 3 CN), or other nitrites.
- the atmosphere also contains molecular nitrogen as well as an oxygen donor, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
- hydrogen can be employed.
- FIG. 3 a an oblique ground section of a finished indexable cutting insert is shown. It has the spongelike porous structure, which thins out more and more toward the surface, of the bonding layer.
- X-ray spectroscopic examinations of the coating show both the substrate material, that is, tungsten carbide (WC—Co), and the existing titanium carbonitride layers (Ti, C, N) and aluminum titanate (Al 2 TiO 5 ).
- the TiC x N y forms a matrix representing at least 94% of the layer within which the Ti—Al—C—N—O component (e.g. AlTiO) is scattered.
- the layer comprises titanium carbonitride with a cubic lattice and nitrogen in one-third of all the carbon spaces. This lattice is oxygen-free. The oxygen is then completely bound in the aluminum titanate crystals. These crystals are in the form of pseudo-brookite.
- the pseudo-brookite structure which is a modification of titanium oxide (TiO 2 )
- some of the titanium atoms have been exchanged for aluminum atoms.
- the oxygen is present preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 6%, of the Al 2 O 3 +TiO 2 pseudobrookite structure
- Both types of metal atoms are surrounded, distorted octahedrally, by oxygen atoms, so that preferably there is no macroscopic mixing of titanium oxide crystals and aluminum oxide crystals; instead, a uniform crystal structure is present, which can be derived from pure brookite (TiO 2 ). Relatively large regions of the intermediate layer can comprise pure titanium carbonitride.
- the result is virtually optimal mediation between the aluminum oxide layer and the titanium carbonitride layer.
- the aluminum titanate regions can be relatively small, and the desired effect is already obtained with dopant quantities of aluminum of less than 2% (most preferably 0.5 to 2%).
- the bonding layer creates an epitaxial relation between the substrate and the Al 2 O 3 layer. The bonding layer presents no obstacle to a resultant epitaxial connection between the basic layer and the Al 2 O 3 layer.
- a bonding layer For coating a cutting tool with an aluminum oxide layer, a bonding layer has been provided that is preferably formed by aluminum titanate and has a laminated or flake-like crystal structure. This bonding layer improves the adherence of an aluminum oxide layer, in particular to underlying titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride layers.
- Embodiments of the invention also include:
- a substrate ( 8 ) which is a nitride, carbide or carbonitride layer of one or more metals of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements,
- a substrate ( 8 ) which is a nitride, carbide or carbonitride layer of one or more metals of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements,
- a cutting tool or cutting insert of embodiment 1 or 2 characterized in that the element of the Group III of the periodic system (IIIa) of the bonding layer ( 12 ) is aluminum (Al).
- a cutting tool or cutting insert of embodiment 1 or 2 characterized in that the substrate ( 8 ) is built up in multilayer fashion and contains a TiN layer, whose thickness is preferably no greater than 0.5 ⁇ m, and this layer can include unavoidable traces or contaminants of carbon (C) and/or oxygen (O).
- a cutting tool or cutting insert of embodiment 1 or 2 characterized in that the substrate ( 8 ) is built up in multilayer fashion and contains a TiCN layer, whose thickness is preferably in the range of 1 to 16 ⁇ m, and this layer can include unavoidable traces or contaminants of oxygen (O).
- a TiCN layer whose thickness is preferably in the range of 1 to 16 ⁇ m, and this layer can include unavoidable traces or contaminants of oxygen (O).
- a cutting tool or cutting insert of embodiment 1 or 2 characterized in that the substrate ( 8 ) is a layer or layer sequence produced by the medium-temperature method.
- a TiN layer, a ⁇ -aluminum oxide layer and a TiN layer comprise the further layers ( 11 ).
- a method for producing a cutting insert ( 5 ) or machining tool ( 1 ) with a wear-reducing coating ( 6 ) that contains two different layers ( 8 , 9 ), of which one contains TiC and/or TiCN and another contains Al 2 O 3 , and between the layers ( 8 , 9 ) a bonding layer ( 12 ) on the basis of titanium aluminum carbonitride oxide Ti—Al—C—N—O is embodied, and in the method, after the TiC and/or TiCN layer is made, the Ti—Al—C—N—O bonding layer is formed in a CVD process at a temperature or a temperature course that is between 900°and 1100°C., using a halogenated titanium compound and a halogenated aluminum compound as a precursor, one or more gases selected from the group comprising alkanes or alkane compounds as a carbon donor, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide as an oxygen donor, and hydrogen as a carrier gas.
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Abstract
For coating a cutting tool with an aluminum oxide layer, a bonding layer has been provided that is preferably formed by aluminum titanate and has a flake-like crystal structure. This bonding layer improves the adherence of an aluminum oxide layer, in particular to underlying titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride layers.
Description
- The invention relates to a cutting tool or cutting insert and to a method for producing a cutting insert or a cutting tool which has a wear-resistant coating built up in multiple layer.
- Cutting tools are subject to various stresses in operation that over time lead to wear. Wear means both the wearing down of chip faces and flanks and breakage of cutting edges. Furthermore, under conditions of heavy stress high temperatures also occur, which can cause diffusion wear and oxidation wear of edges and faces of the cutting tool. To reduce wear especially at high machining capacities, various coatings of cutting tools or cutting inserts have been developed.
- For example, from European Patent Disclosure EP 0 786 536 A1, a hard metal cutting insert is known that is provided with a multilayer coating. The coating has a thickness of 3 to 20 μm and is formed on a hard metal body by chemical or physical vapor deposition processes (CVD or PVD). The coating contains an aluminum oxide layer with a very low proportion of chlorine.
- The aluminum oxide layer has a relatively great hardness. It also acts as an oxidized surface layer and at the same time as an oxidation protectant for underlying layers and is thus especially well suited to tools that are subject to tribochemical attack. It acts as a protectant against tribochemical wear processes such as diffusion and oxidation and also acts as thermal insulation and thus protects against plastic deformation.
- European Patent Disclosure EP 0 736 615 A2 also proposes an aluminum oxide layer as an outermost layer of a multilayer coating of a cutting tool. Between the aluminum oxide layer and the actual hard metal body, a plurality of layers acting as intermediate coatings or underlying layers are formed. The substrate layer that is in immediate contact with the aluminum oxide layer is a titanium carbonitride oxide layer with a thickness of between 0.1 and 2 μm and a needle-like crystal structure. Under this layer, one or more layers with a columnar crystal structure, composed of the same chemical elements, are formed.
- The adherence of the aluminum oxide layer to the substrate is one essential factor. It is especially stressed upon plastic deformation and in interrupted cutting (milling, turning on a lathe, drilling) of steel and casting materials, especially such high-strength materials as 42CrMo4V and 56NiCrMoV7.
- To improve the adherence of an aluminum oxide layer to the applicable underlying layers, U.S. Pat. No. 5,958,569 proposes a titanium carbonitride bonding layer between an outer aluminum oxide layer and a titanium nitride layer located beneath it. The bonding layer is meant to form interlocking microscopic fingers between the oxide coating and the metal carbonitride coating.
- With this as the point of departure, it is the object of the invention to improve the adherence of an oxide layer (preferably an aluminum oxide layer) to underlying layers in cutting tools, cutting inserts, or the like.
- This object is attained by the present invention.
- The Periodic Table groups refer especially to the following elements: (the heavier elements of these groups not listed here would normally not be used):
- Group III: B, Al, Sc, Y, In, La and Tl;
- Group IV : C, Si, Ti, Ge, Zr, Sn, Hf and Pb;
- Group V : N, P, V, As, Nb, Sb, Ta and Bi; and
- Group VI: O, S, Cr, Se, Mo, The, W and Po.
- The machining tool and cutting insert according to the invention have an aluminum oxide layer, which is retained on the underlying coatings by means of a bonding layer. The underlying coating is for example a titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride layer, and in addition to or in place of the titanium, the layer can also contain still other metals of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements. The bonding layer firmly holds the aluminum oxide layer on the substrate and thus prevents or inhibits abrasion or breakage, flaking off or peeling off of the aluminum oxide layer. The improved adherence of the aluminum oxide layer to the substrate allows a heavier load on the machining tool or cutting insert and a longer service life thereof possible.
- FIG. 1, in a side view, a cutting tool with a multilayer-coated cutting insert;
- FIG. 2, in an enlarged sectional view, the layer structure of wear-protection layers of the cutting insert of the cutting tool of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3, a transmission electron micrograph of the layer structure of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 3a, an optical micrograph of the bonding layer of FIG. 3, ground obliquely;
- FIG. 4, an electron micrograph of the bonding layer in a plan view enlarged 5000 times;
- FIG. 5, the bonding layer of FIG. 4 in a scanning electron micrograph enlarged 10000 times; and
- FIG. 6, an x-ray spectrograph, derived from the layer structure of FIG. 3, of a layer sequence up to a bonding layer designed to be thicker (3 μm).
- The weight content used herein to describe the invention is atomic %.
- An important feature of the invention is the bonding layer. The bonding layer contains a metal of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements and an element of the Group III of the periodic system, such as boron or aluminum as well as carbon and/or nitrogen and/or oxygen. It has been found that the presence of a second element of the Group III along with the metal of Group IV, V or VI (such as titanium) can improve the adherence of the oxide layer. In particular, it has proved to be expedient to provide titanium and aluminum in the bonding layer. The titanium component should predominate, and the aluminum component should be rather slight (e.g. dopant quantity). The bonding layer thus forms crystals that can grow solidly, or merge with, the crystals of the aluminum oxide layer located above. The aluminum oxide layer is thus to a certain extent rooted in the bonding layer. This can be achieved in particular if the bonding layer is a layer, in which the aluminum content is at most about 4%, preferably 0.1 to 4%, most preferably 0.5% to 3% and best at 0.5 to 2% and the oxygen content is about 0.1 to 6%. Aluminum titanate, which enables good adherence to the aluminum oxide layer, can thus form in the bonding layer. In addition, the bonding layer can contain relatively larger proportions of titanium carbonitride.
- A preferred bonding layer is one characterized in that it is a Ti—Al—C—N—O layer wherein Ti(CxNy) forms a matrix wherein Al TiO is dispersed throughout. The Al content is as indicated above. The aluminum is preferably in the form of aluminum titanate (Al2TiO3).
- The bonding layer is preferably relatively thin, specifically markedly thinner than the aluminum oxide layer and the underlying coating. Layer thicknesses of 0.1 to 3 μm are considered advantageous. The layer thickness is preferably 1 μm.
- The metal of the underlying coating is preferably titanium, but the other metals named can also be used, individually or in mixtures with titanium or with one another.
- The underlying coating can in turn be built up in multiple layers and can for example include a titanium nitride layer approximately 0.5 μm thick and/or a titanium carbonitride layer 1 to 16 μm thick. In addition, carbon and/or oxygen, for example, can be present as contaminants, originating for example in the underlying coating material or other sources. The underlying coating is preferably a layer created by the medium-temperature method. The bonding layer allows the solid connection of this medium-temperature layer (base layer) and the aluminum oxide layer. The aluminum oxide layer can be built up as an α-aluminum oxide or as a κ-aluminum oxide or as an oxide layer that contains multiple modifications.
- The bonding layer preferably has a flake-like or whisker-like laminated crystal structure. The flake-like crystals of the bonding layer leave interstices open into which the aluminum oxide layer can grow and in which, as a result of the aluminum content of the bonding layer, nucleation nuclei are already present for the aluminum oxide layer being grown. An intimate connection can thus be obtained between the aluminum oxide layer and the bonding layer and thus between the aluminum oxide layer and the substrate. It has been demonstrated that the oxidation potential of the reaction gas mixture, in the deposition of the aluminum oxide layer before and during the nucleation phase need not be kept excessively low. The content of water and other oxidants is not so critical because of the bonding layer, which already contains nucleation nuclei for the aluminum oxide layer.
- The bonding layer contains quite a large number of nucleation nuclei, or acts with its structures like a large number of nucleation nuclei. In the subsequent deposition of the Al2O3 layer, this brings about an especially fine-crystalline embodiment of this layer. For a layer thickness of about 6 μm, particle widths as low as only 1 to 1.5 μm are achieved.
- Further details of advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the drawings as described below.
- One exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings as described below:
- In FIG. 1, a machining tool1 is shown in detail, as an example. The machining tool 1 is an end-milling cutter with a
tool base body 2 that in operation rotates about an axis ofrotation 3. On its front end, it has a cutting insert seat 4, on which acutting insert 5 is retained. By way of example, this cuttinginsert 5 is a hard metal cutting insert, for instance a tungsten carbide and cobalt hard metal cutting insert. Other substrate materials, such as HSS, sintered ceramics or cermets, hard metals carbides or mixed carbides, or the like are other examples of other known substrate materials which can be used. The hardmetal cutting insert 5 has a wear-reducing coating 6, shown schematically in FIG. 2. The coating 6 adheres to a hardmetal base body 7 and covers it both on the cutting edges and on other functionally determining faces, such as the chip face and the flank. - The wear-reducing coating6 includes a substrate 8, built up in one or more layers, which has been deposited at least for the most part by the medium-temperature method. For example, the substrate 8 is substantially a titanium carbonitride layer (TiCN) with a columnar crystal structure and a thickness of 1 to 16 μm. Between the titanium carbonitride layer and the tungsten carbide (WC) substrate material, there can be a titanium nitride layer (TiN) approximately 0.1 μm to 1 μm and preferably 0.5 μm thick.
- To protect the intrinsically hard, wear-resistant titanium carbonitride layer from oxidative and diffusive wear, as can occur for example in turning on a lathe or in milling, the wear-reducing coating6 contains an
aluminum oxide layer 9 above the substrate 8. Thealuminum oxide layer 9 can be κ-aluminum oxide, α-aluminum oxide, or can be different from one region to another or mixed κ/α-aluminum oxide. Thealuminum oxide layer 9 can if needed also have acover layer 11 built up in one or more layers, for example comprising a compound of an element of Group IV, V or VI (Hf, Zr, Ti) with carbon, nitrogen and/or boron, or zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, boron carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride, or other compounds. - Besides its substrate ingredients of titanium, carbon and nitrogen, the substrate8 contains what are sometimes hardly unavoidable contaminants, which can originate in the substrate material or adhere to the process gases, such as oxygen. Contaminants from cobalt, for instance, which can originate in the substrate material, preferentially diffuse along the crystal or particle boundaries and can thus, beginning at the substrate material, penetrate through the entire base layers. In order nevertheless to attain good adherence of the
aluminum oxide layer 9 to the substrate 8 under all conditions, abonding layer 12 is provided between them; its thickness can be defined to be in the range from 0.1 to 3 μm. In this case, the bonding layer is a titanium aluminum carbonitride oxide layer Ti—Al—C—N—O, whose structure can be seen in FIGS. 3-5. As FIG. 3 shows, the Ti—Al—C—N—O layer 12 is grown on the substrate 8, which has a columnar structure, and on its top side toward the aluminum oxide layer, it has a surface that is fissured to the extreme. The surface structure of the Ti—Al—C—N—O layer 12 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It has a flake-like crystal structure, and there are pores and interstices between individual crystallites. As the aluminum oxide layer continues to be applied, the crystal growth of the aluminum oxide layer begins in these pores and interstices and thus gains excellent bonding. - As also shown in FIG. 3, the
cover layer 11 is for example built up in multiple layers as well and includes a Ti—N layer, a κ-aluminum oxide layer, and another Ti—N layer. The result is accordingly the following layer structure: - 1. TiN, 0.1 to 2 μm
- 2. (Moderate Temperature)-(Ti, C, N) substrate, 1 to 16 μm, deposited in a temperature range of 700°C. to 900°
- 3. bonding layer Ti—Al—C—N—O, 0.1 to 3 μm
- 4. α- or κ-aluminum oxide layer Al2O3, 0.5 to 12 μm
- 5. TiN, 0.1 to 2 μm
- 6. Optionally, additional layers totalling 0.1 to 2 μm in thickness, TiN—K—Al2O3—TiN, TiCN/TiN, Ti—B—C—N, HfN, HfCN, or the like.
- Examples shown in the following Tables generally follow these steps:
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 EXAMPLE 1 layer TiN MT-TiCH TiAlCNO alpha-Al2O3 TiN kappa- TiN Al2O3 Thickness 0.5 8 1 6 0.3 0.3 0.5 [μm] Duration 60 320 40 270 20 20 50 [min] Pressure 160 90 100 65 100 65 800 [mbar] Temperature 900 885 1015 1015 1015 1015 1015 [° C.] gas flowrate 36 [1/min] TiCl4[%] X X 0.9 X X CH3CN[%] X — CH4[%] 2.8 N2[%] X 2.8 X X CO[%] 1.1 CO2[%] — X X H2S[%] X X AlCl3[%] 0.7 X X H2[%] X X balance X X EXAMPLE 2 layer TiN MT-TiCN TiAlCNO alpha-Al2O3 Thickness [m] 0.5 4 0.8 3.5 Duration [min] 60 150 40 155 Pressure [mbar] 160 90 100 65 Temperature [° C.] 900 885 1015 1015 gas flowrate [1/min] 36 TiCl4[%] X X 0.8 CH3CN[%] X — CH4[%] 2.7 N2[%] X 5.5 CO[%] 1.1 CO2[%] — X H2S[%] X AlCl3[%] 0.7 X H2[%] X X balance X - The coating described thus far can be formed as follows:
- First, following usual procedures, at a deposition temperature of 700° C. to 1000° C., on a suitable substrate material such as tungsten carbide or other sintering material, the substrate8 is formed. Acetonitrile or a mixture of a nitrogen and alkanes is used for example as a carbon and nitrogen donor. The substrate usually grows with a columnar crystal structure.
- In the next method step, the bonding layer is formed. To that end, the cutting tool or cutting
insert 5 is placed, at a temperature of between 900° C. and 1100° C. (preferably about 1000° C.), in an atmosphere that contains precursors for aluminum and titanium. These precursors can be titanium tetrachloride and aluminum trichloride. As a carbon donor, the atmosphere contains methane or another alkane or acetonitrile (CH3CN), or other nitrites. The atmosphere also contains molecular nitrogen as well as an oxygen donor, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. As a carrier gas, hydrogen can be employed. - Aluminum trichloride is added in lesser quantities, while titanium tetrachloride is present in comparatively greater quantities. As a result, the
bonding layer 12 grows with the structure shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 3a, an oblique ground section of a finished indexable cutting insert is shown. It has the spongelike porous structure, which thins out more and more toward the surface, of the bonding layer. X-ray spectroscopic examinations of the coating, the results of which are shown in FIG. 6, show both the substrate material, that is, tungsten carbide (WC—Co), and the existing titanium carbonitride layers (Ti, C, N) and aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5). Aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) and the titanium carbonitride (TiCxNy; x+y=1; x=0 to 1; i.e. carbon may be absent), preferably x>0.3, most preferably x>0.5 and y<0.5; with best results wherein x>0.7 and y<0.3) are present in the form of macroscopic crystals next to one another. The TiCxNy forms a matrix representing at least 94% of the layer within which the Ti—Al—C—N—O component (e.g. AlTiO) is scattered. In an advantageous embodiment, the layer comprises titanium carbonitride with a cubic lattice and nitrogen in one-third of all the carbon spaces. This lattice is oxygen-free. The oxygen is then completely bound in the aluminum titanate crystals. These crystals are in the form of pseudo-brookite. - In the pseudo-brookite structure, which is a modification of titanium oxide (TiO2), some of the titanium atoms have been exchanged for aluminum atoms. The oxygen is present preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 6%, of the Al2O3+TiO2 pseudobrookite structure Both types of metal atoms are surrounded, distorted octahedrally, by oxygen atoms, so that preferably there is no macroscopic mixing of titanium oxide crystals and aluminum oxide crystals; instead, a uniform crystal structure is present, which can be derived from pure brookite (TiO2). Relatively large regions of the intermediate layer can comprise pure titanium carbonitride. The result is virtually optimal mediation between the aluminum oxide layer and the titanium carbonitride layer. The aluminum titanate regions can be relatively small, and the desired effect is already obtained with dopant quantities of aluminum of less than 2% (most preferably 0.5 to 2%). The bonding layer creates an epitaxial relation between the substrate and the Al2O3 layer. The bonding layer presents no obstacle to a resultant epitaxial connection between the basic layer and the Al2O3 layer.
- Machining tests and an adhesion test have been performed on suitably produced layers and with corresponding cutting tools. If the layer according to the invention is subjected to a layer adherence test (scratch test), a quite considerably improved adherence of the layer structure according to the invention is demonstrated, which is also an indication of improved adherence of the aluminum oxide layer. The machining tests also show improved stability of the tools and an improved adherence of the aluminum oxide layer, both in the case of κ- and in the case of α-aluminum oxide layers.
- For coating a cutting tool with an aluminum oxide layer, a bonding layer has been provided that is preferably formed by aluminum titanate and has a laminated or flake-like crystal structure. This bonding layer improves the adherence of an aluminum oxide layer, in particular to underlying titanium nitride, titanium carbide, or titanium carbonitride layers.
- Embodiments of the invention also include:
- 1. A machining tool (1), in particular for interrupted cutting and/or high operating temperatures,
- having at least one cutting body (5), which is provided at least regionally with a wear-reducing multilayer coating (6), which is applied to a substrate material (7), and the coating (6) in turn contains at least the following layers built up in single or multiple layer:
- a substrate (8), which is a nitride, carbide or carbonitride layer of one or more metals of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements,
- a bonding layer (12), which contains a metal of Group IV, V or VI and an element of the Group III of the periodic system of Chemical Elements and at least one nonmetal that belongs to the group comprising carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen,
- an oxide layer (9), which substantially contains aluminum oxide.
- 2. A cutting insert (5), in particular for interrupted cutting and/or high operating temperatures, which is provided at least regionally with a wear-reducing multilayer coating (6), which is applied to a substrate material (7), and the coating (6) in turn contains at least the following layers built up in single or multiple layer:
- a substrate (8), which is a nitride, carbide or carbonitride layer of one or more metals of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements,
- a bonding layer (12), which contains a metal of Group IV, V or VI and an element of the Group III of the periodic system of Chemical Elements and at least one nonmetal that belongs to the group comprising carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen,
- an oxide layer (9), which substantially contains aluminum oxide.
- 3. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the bonding layer (12) has a crystal structure with flake-like crystallites. - 4. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the element of the Group III of the periodic system (IIIa) of the bonding layer (12) is aluminum (Al). - 5. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the bonding layer (12) is a Ti—Al—C—N—O layer, where Ti(CxNy) forms a matrix with and Al TiO is a scattered into this matrix, wherein the Al-control is preferably 0.1% to 4%, most preferably 0.5% to 3% and best at 0.5% to 2%. - 6. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the bonding layer (12) contains aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) - 7. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the bonding layer (12) contains titanium carbonitride TiCN. - 8. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the bonding layer (12) has a layer thickness of 0.1 to 3 μm, preferably 1 μm. - 9. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal of the substrate (8) is titanium (Ti). - 10. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the substrate (8) is built up in multilayer fashion and contains a TiN layer, whose thickness is preferably no greater than 0.5 μm, and this layer can include unavoidable traces or contaminants of carbon (C) and/or oxygen (O). - 11. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the substrate (8) is built up in multilayer fashion and contains a TiCN layer, whose thickness is preferably in the range of 1 to 16 μm, and this layer can include unavoidable traces or contaminants of oxygen (O). - 12. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the substrate (8) is a layer or layer sequence produced by the medium-temperature method. - 13. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxide layer (9) contains α-aluminum oxide. - 14. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxide layer (9) contains κ-aluminum oxide. - 15. A cutting tool or cutting insert of
embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more further layers (11) are applied to the oxide layer (9). - 16. The cutting tool or cutting insert of embodiment 15, characterized in that a TiN layer, a κ-aluminum oxide layer and a TiN layer comprise the further layers (11).
- 17. The cutting tool of embodiment 1, characterized in that the machining tool (1) has at least one cutting insert (5) of
claim 2. - 18. A coating, in particular for a cutting tool, wherein the coating contains aluminum titanate.
- 19. A method for producing a cutting insert (5) or machining tool (1) with a wear-reducing coating (6) that contains two different layers (8, 9), of which one contains TiC and/or TiCN and another contains Al2O3, and between the layers (8, 9) a bonding layer (12) on the basis of titanium aluminum carbonitride oxide Ti—Al—C—N—O is embodied, and in the method, after the TiC and/or TiCN layer is made, the Ti—Al—C—N—O bonding layer is formed in a CVD process at a temperature or a temperature course that is between 900°and 1100°C., using a halogenated titanium compound and a halogenated aluminum compound as a precursor, one or more gases selected from the group comprising alkanes or alkane compounds as a carbon donor, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide as an oxygen donor, and hydrogen as a carrier gas.
- 20. The method of embodiment 19, characterized in that as the carbon and nitrogen donor, a nitrile compound is used in addition to or as a substitute for the alkanes or alkane compounds and the nitrogen.
- It will be appreciated that the instant specification is set forth by way of illustration and not limitation and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (24)
1. A wear-reducing multilayer coating for a cutting edge of a cutting body or cutting insert for use in a machining or cutting tool (1), in particular for interrupted cutting and/or high operating temperatures, the cutting edge being provided at least regionally with the wear-reducing multilayer coating (6), which is applied to a substrate material (7),
the wear-reducing coating (6) containing at least the following layers built up in single or multiple layers:
a substrate (8), which is a nitride, carbide or carbonitride layer of one or more metals of Group IV, V or VI of the periodic system of Chemical Elements,
a bonding layer (12), which contains a metal of Group IV, V or VI and an element of the Group III of the periodic system of Chemical Elements and at least one nonmetal that belongs to the group comprising carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen,
an oxide layer (9), which substantially contains aluminum oxide.
2. A cutting insert (5), having a cutting edge and wherein the wear-resistant multilayer coating of is provided at least regionally on its cutting edge.
claim 1
3. A cutting tool (1) having a cutting edge and wherein the wear-resistant multilayer coating of is provided at least regionally on its cutting edge.
claim 1
4. A coating of , wherein the bonding layer (12) has a crystal structure with flake-like crystallites.
claim 1
5. A coating of , wherein the element of Group III of the periodic system of the bonding layer (12) is aluminum (Al).
claim 1
6. A coating of , wherein the bonding layer (12) is a Ti—Al—C—N—O layer, where Ti (CxNy) forms a matrix and Al TiO is a scattered into this matrix, wherein the Al-content is 0.1% to 4% and X+Y=1 with X=0 to 1.
claim 1
7. A coating of , wherein the Al-content is 0.5 to 3%.
claim 6
8. A coating of , wherein the Al-content is 0.5 to 2%.
claim 6
9. A coating of , wherein the bonding layer (12) contains aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5).
claim 1
10. A coating of , wherein the bonding layer (12) contains titanium carbonitride TiCN.
claim 1
11. A coating of , wherein the bonding layer (12) has a layer thickness of 0.1 to 3 μm.
claim 1
12. A coating layer of , wherein the bonding layer (12) has a layer thickness of 1 μm.
claim 1
13. A coating of , wherein the metal of the substrate (8 ) is titanium (Ti).
claim 1
14. A coating of , wherein the substrate (8) is built up in multilayer fashion and contains a TiN layer, whose thickness is preferably no greater than 0.5 μm, and this layer can include unavoidable traces or contaminants of carbon (C) and/or oxygen (O).
claim 1
15. A coating of , wherein the substrate (8) is built up in multilayer fashion and contains a TiCN layer, whose thickness is preferably in the range of 1 to 16 μm, and this layer can include unavoidable traces or contaminants of oxygen (O).
claim 1
16. A coating of , wherein the substrate (8) is a layer or layer sequence produced by the medium-temperature method.
claim 1
17. A coating of , wherein the oxide layer (9) contains α-aluminum oxide.
claim 1
18. A coating of , wherein the oxide layer (9) contains κ-aluminum oxide.
claim 1
19. A coating of , wherein one or more further layers (11) are applied to the oxide layer (9).
claim 1
20. A coating of , wherein the one or more further layers (11) are a TiN layer, a κ-aluminum oxide layer and a TiN layer.
claim 19
21. A machining tool (1) comprising at least one cutting insert (5) of .
claim 2
22. A coating of , comprising aluminum titanate.
claim 1
23. A method for producing a cutting insert (5) or machining tool (1) with a wear-reducing coating (6) that contains two different layers (8, 9), of which one contains TiC and/or TiCN and another contains Al2O3, and between the layers (8, 9) a bonding layer (12) based on titanium aluminum carbonitride oxide Ti—Al—C—N—O is formed, and wherein, after the TiC and/or TiCN layer is made, the Ti—Al—C—N—O bonding layer is formed in a CVD process at a temperature or a temperature course that is between 900°and 1100° C., using a halogenated titanium compound and a halogenated aluminum compound as a precursor, one or more gases selected from the group consisting of alkanes or alkane compounds as a carbon donor, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide as an oxygen donor, and hydrogen as a carrier gas or, as the carbon and nitrogen donor, a nitrile compound is used in addition to or as a substitute for the alkanes or alkane compounds and the nitrogen.
24. The method of , wherein as the carbon and nitrogen donor, a nitrile compound is used in addition to or as a substitute for the alkanes or alkane compounds and the nitrogen.
claim 23
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19962056A DE19962056A1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 1999-12-22 | Cutting tool with multi-layer, wear-resistant coating |
DE19962056 | 1999-12-22 | ||
DE19962056.3 | 1999-12-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010006724A1 true US20010006724A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
US6436519B2 US6436519B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
Family
ID=7933842
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/745,955 Expired - Lifetime US6436519B2 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2000-12-22 | Cutting tool with multilayer, wear-resistant coating |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6436519B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1113092B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4159245B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE282723T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19962056A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2228372T3 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1113092A3 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
DE50008661D1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
ES2228372T3 (en) | 2005-04-16 |
EP1113092B1 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
ATE282723T1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
DE19962056A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
JP2001219307A (en) | 2001-08-14 |
JP4159245B2 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
US6436519B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
EP1113092A2 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
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