US20010002537A1 - Nozzle - Google Patents
Nozzle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010002537A1 US20010002537A1 US09/725,948 US72594800A US2001002537A1 US 20010002537 A1 US20010002537 A1 US 20010002537A1 US 72594800 A US72594800 A US 72594800A US 2001002537 A1 US2001002537 A1 US 2001002537A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- primary
- angle
- nozzles
- engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
- F02K1/46—Nozzles having means for adding air to the jet or for augmenting the mixing region between the jet and the ambient air, e.g. for silencing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
- F02K1/28—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto using fluid jets to influence the jet flow
- F02K1/34—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto using fluid jets to influence the jet flow for attenuating noise
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the invention relates to arrangement of the propulsion nozzles for gas turbine engines in particular to by-pass gas turbine engines.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,288,984 discloses a number of ways in which the mixing and distribution of the exhaust jet plumes is controlled in a by-pass engine. These include having a swept, canted or off-set primary nozzle.
- the invention comprises a by-pass gas turbine engine including a primary and a secondary nozzle wherein the primary nozzle is situated radially within, but axially protruding from, the secondary nozzle characterised in that the primary and secondary nozzles have a substantially common central axis along their lengths and that the direction of airflow exiting at least one of the primary or secondary nozzles is at an angle to the central axis of the engine and the direction of airflow exiting each nozzle is at an angle to the other thereby promoting preferential distribution and mixing of the airflows.
- both the primary and secondary nozzles are truncated at oblique angles.
- the nozzles are preferably orientated such that said oblique angles are opposite directions.
- the exit plane of the airflow is therefore not perpendicular to the central axis defined by the nozzle.
- the flow direction of the primary nozzle axis is simply orientated at a small angle to the axis of the secondary nozzle.
- the internal profile of one or both nozzles is asymmetric such that the primary flow exits the nozzle at an angle to the secondary flow.
- FIG. 1 shows a scarfed nozzle arrangement according to one aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a nozzle according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of primary and secondary nozzles, denoted 1 and 2 respectively, of a by-pass gas turbine engine. Both of these nozzle have oblique “cut-off ends” 3, 4 i.e. they are truncated at angles of ⁇ and ⁇ relative to the perpendicular of the longitudinal axis of the nozzles—the common central axis 5 . The direction of the cut-offs are opposite with respect to the central axis 5 .
- the oblique cut-off edge in elevation of the primary nozzle faces upwards and the oblique cut-off end of the secondary nozzle faces downwards.
- the angles ⁇ and ⁇ lie in the range 0.5°to 30°.
- the general direction of air flow from the primary nozzle is in the direction of the long arrows and the short arrow indicates the general direction of air flow from the secondary nozzle.
- the quantities and direction of airflows is such that the overall momentum of airflow in an axis perpendicular to the engine axis is zero; i.e. the non axial airflows from the primary and secondary nozzles cancel each other.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a nozzle 10 according to the invention.
- the nozzle 10 may be incorporated as either or both of the primary or secondary nozzles.
- the shape and geometry of the nozzle wall is such that the general or average direction of overall air flow 11 is at an angle, ⁇ to the central nozzle axis 12 , when the central nozzle axis 12 is taken to be perpendicular to the end face 13 of the nozzle.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to arrangement of the propulsion nozzles for gas turbine engines in particular to by-pass gas turbine engines.
- Control of the mixing and distribution of the exhaust jet plumes can be used to reduce the noise from gas turbine engines. Several methods have been tried to effect this and have resulted in differing degrees of effectiveness. Most methods result in significant thrust losses or increased weight.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,288,984 discloses a number of ways in which the mixing and distribution of the exhaust jet plumes is controlled in a by-pass engine. These include having a swept, canted or off-set primary nozzle.
- It is an object of the invention to provide an improved nozzle design for by-pass engines which offers a significant reduction in noise while maintaining high efficiency.
- The invention comprises a by-pass gas turbine engine including a primary and a secondary nozzle wherein the primary nozzle is situated radially within, but axially protruding from, the secondary nozzle characterised in that the primary and secondary nozzles have a substantially common central axis along their lengths and that the direction of airflow exiting at least one of the primary or secondary nozzles is at an angle to the central axis of the engine and the direction of airflow exiting each nozzle is at an angle to the other thereby promoting preferential distribution and mixing of the airflows.
- This promotes mixing and dilution of the airflow and shielding the higher velocity jet by a greater proportion of the bypass flow, causing the noise to be convected to angles closer to the engine axis.
- In one embodiment of the invention both the primary and secondary nozzles are truncated at oblique angles. The nozzles are preferably orientated such that said oblique angles are opposite directions. The exit plane of the airflow is therefore not perpendicular to the central axis defined by the nozzle.
- In an alternative embodiment the flow direction of the primary nozzle axis is simply orientated at a small angle to the axis of the secondary nozzle.
- In a further embodiment of the invention the internal profile of one or both nozzles is asymmetric such that the primary flow exits the nozzle at an angle to the secondary flow.
- By way of example, the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings of which:
- FIG. 1 shows a scarfed nozzle arrangement according to one aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a nozzle according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of primary and secondary nozzles, denoted1 and 2 respectively, of a by-pass gas turbine engine. Both of these nozzle have oblique “cut-off ends” 3, 4 i.e. they are truncated at angles of α and β relative to the perpendicular of the longitudinal axis of the nozzles—the common
central axis 5. The direction of the cut-offs are opposite with respect to thecentral axis 5. In the example, the oblique cut-off edge in elevation of the primary nozzle faces upwards and the oblique cut-off end of the secondary nozzle faces downwards. The angles α and β lie in the range 0.5°to 30°. - In operation the general direction of air flow from the primary nozzle is in the direction of the long arrows and the short arrow indicates the general direction of air flow from the secondary nozzle. The quantities and direction of airflows is such that the overall momentum of airflow in an axis perpendicular to the engine axis is zero; i.e. the non axial airflows from the primary and secondary nozzles cancel each other.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a nozzle10 according to the invention. The nozzle 10 may be incorporated as either or both of the primary or secondary nozzles. The shape and geometry of the nozzle wall is such that the general or average direction of overall air flow 11 is at an angle, φ to the
central nozzle axis 12, when thecentral nozzle axis 12 is taken to be perpendicular to the end face 13 of the nozzle.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9928349 | 1999-12-01 | ||
GB9928349.1 | 1999-12-01 | ||
GB9928349A GB2356897B (en) | 1999-12-01 | 1999-12-01 | Improved nozzle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010002537A1 true US20010002537A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
US6415598B2 US6415598B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 |
Family
ID=10865476
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/725,948 Expired - Lifetime US6415598B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2000-11-30 | Exhaust nozzle for by-pass gas turbine engines |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6415598B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1104847B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2327166A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60034531T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2356897B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6596541B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2003-07-22 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of modifying eukaryotic cells |
US7293401B2 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2007-11-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Jet engine noise suppressor |
US7377108B2 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2008-05-27 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method for reduction jet noise from single jets |
US7377109B2 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2008-05-27 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method for reduction of jet noise from turbofan engines having separate bypass and core flows |
FR2896772B1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2008-04-25 | Snecma Sa | SYSTEM FOR EJECTING A DOUBLE FLOW TURBOREACTOR |
US7900433B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2011-03-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Fan exhaust nozzle for turbofan engine |
US7966825B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2011-06-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Exhaust eductor system with a recirculation baffle |
US8746613B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2014-06-10 | Williams International Co., L.L.C. | Jet engine exhaust nozzle and associated system and method of use |
FR2981126B1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2015-02-27 | Snecma | ASYMMETRIC TUYERE OF TURBOMACHINE |
US20150330254A1 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Compact Nacelle With Contoured Fan Nozzle |
DE102017115644A1 (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Turbofan |
US11306681B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 | 2022-04-19 | The Boeing Company | Sheared exhaust nozzle |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4280587A (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1981-07-28 | The Boeing Company | Noise-suppressing jet engine nozzles and method |
US4288984A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1981-09-15 | The Boeing Company | Noise suppressing turbofan nozzles and method |
US5924632A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1999-07-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Jet nozzle having centerbody for enhanced exit area mixing |
US6314721B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2001-11-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Tabbed nozzle for jet noise suppression |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB868072A (en) * | 1957-05-13 | 1961-05-17 | Geoffrey Michael Lilley | Improvements in or relating to jet noise suppression means |
GB1110154A (en) * | 1966-04-05 | 1968-04-18 | Rolls Royce | Aircraft jet power plant |
US3881315A (en) * | 1973-03-19 | 1975-05-06 | Gen Electric | Fan duct flow deflector |
US3830431A (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1974-08-20 | Nasa | Abating exhaust noises in jet engines |
US3997132A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1976-12-14 | The Garrett Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling tip vortices |
US4254620A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1981-03-10 | The Boeing Company | Jet engine multiduct noise suppressor |
GB2075447B (en) * | 1980-04-30 | 1983-10-26 | Rolls Royce | Thrust deflectors for gas turbine engines |
FR2643947B1 (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1991-05-17 | Snecma | AXISYMMETRICAL NOZZLE TURBOREACTOR EJECTION ASSEMBLY WITH VARIABLE SECTION AND PUSH-THROUGH |
-
1999
- 1999-12-01 GB GB9928349A patent/GB2356897B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-11-23 DE DE60034531T patent/DE60034531T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-23 EP EP00125672A patent/EP1104847B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-30 US US09/725,948 patent/US6415598B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-30 CA CA002327166A patent/CA2327166A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4288984A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1981-09-15 | The Boeing Company | Noise suppressing turbofan nozzles and method |
US4280587A (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1981-07-28 | The Boeing Company | Noise-suppressing jet engine nozzles and method |
US5924632A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1999-07-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Jet nozzle having centerbody for enhanced exit area mixing |
US6314721B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2001-11-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Tabbed nozzle for jet noise suppression |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1104847B1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
GB9928349D0 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
GB2356897A (en) | 2001-06-06 |
US6415598B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 |
DE60034531T2 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
EP1104847A3 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
EP1104847A2 (en) | 2001-06-06 |
CA2327166A1 (en) | 2001-06-01 |
GB2356897B (en) | 2003-05-14 |
DE60034531D1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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Owner name: SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE, THE, GREAT BRITAIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PINKER, RICHARD A.;REEL/FRAME:011521/0973 Effective date: 20001127 |
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Owner name: QINETIQ LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE, THE;REEL/FRAME:012831/0459 Effective date: 20011211 |
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