US2000908A - Power hammer - Google Patents

Description

May 14, 1935. I c. v. ADAMS 2,000,908

POWER HAMMER Original Filed Feb. 4, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR s Sheet s-Sheet 2 May 14, 1935. c. v. ADAMS POWER HAMMER Original Filed Feb. 4, 1951 May 14, 1935. c. v. ADAMS 'POWER HAMMER Original Filed Feb 4, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ll r INVEN TOR {7076M Patented May 14, '1935' NiTEo sTATEs I "tri "i V rowan imam I 'CampbelrV." Adama Chicago, Ill.1' h originalapplication Februm arssrsuiarno.

Divided and this application July 29,

1932, Serial No. 625,755 1 My invention relates broadly to-powe'r hammers andmore particularly to the type of power hammers known as pile hammers, ,inxwh'ich a' ram is autanaticallyroperated by motive fluid supplied to the cylinder to impart motion to the ram. Al-

though I shall refer throughout the present-.diseclosure .to this particular adaptation of my invention,.it is to be understood that my invention is not to be limited to such use solely, but may be usedbroadly in the oonstructionofpower ham-i" mers. pending application, ruary 4, 1931. V V

In said oopending application, the manner of The present case is a division of my cod'stributing the motive fluid so as to operate the power hammer on the down stroke byj motive fluid of substantially the same and constant pres? sum above the piston 'as belowvthe piston is disclosed and claimed. The present application is directed to a unique .form of housing construc tion for the cylinder and arrangement of parts.

An object of the invention is, therefore, toproa vide a new and improved desigmof housing for a power hammer having certain featuresof construction particularly applicable to a pilehammer.

3 without removing or even disturbingthe mount-,

A further obj ect of theinvention is to provide a housing for the cylinder of a pile hammer which is soarrang'ed with respect to its associated parts as to protect the moving parts of the pile hammer, such as the ram and valve mechanism, the .cylinder being also enclosed to insulate it from loss of heat and to provide a cool exterior surface, when employing a. heated fluid, and also to make the hammer adaptable for subaqueous work.

A further object of'the invention is to provide a housingior the cylinderof a pile hammer which,

may be formed into several parts and so-connected together that either part may be removed tool)-v tain access to the valve or valves, ram or cylinder,

ing of the cylinder within the housing. v I A further object of the inventionis to provide a simple cylinder housing design to accomplish "manner, the construction being simple, efllcient and inexpensive, and requiring minimum attenthan and repair while the pile hammer is inservice'; Other objects and advantages of myrinventi'on v partly in section, with a portionof the housing of the operating elements of thepower hammer.-

Serial No. 513,269,1i1ed rah (anti-'76) removed, of a power hammer. embodying my inv u i ni V ,v r

Fig.2 is a similarview, but showing a portion in section;

-Fig. 3 is ahorizontal-sectional line3-3o fFig.-1; r

V Fig. 4 is ahorizontal view looking down upon the power hammer, with the cylinder head re moved, one-half of the view beingin elevation 10 and the other. half of' the view-being in section, to illustrate the manner of operating the valveactuating arms and of supporting the'cylinder within the housing;

f Fig-,5 ls a-view similar to Figr2, showing the. 15.

cylinder, ram, valve, actuating arms, slide barin elevation. a

The power hammer disclosed herein is adapted. to be operated bya motive fluid such 'assteam on cam and compressed air, and is designed principally as a. Q

power pile driver, but it is equallyapplicable for analogous purposes,- as, for example, wherever a percussive'blow is used,- such as in rock drilling, riveting machines, concrete breaking or- .tamping andthelike. 1 f The power hammer comprises a suitable housing 1, provided with opposed guideways 2 which guides of the usual supporting frame (notshown) are-arranged to allow vertical movement of the hammer. Sheaves, 3 may be arranged upon'a 0 cylinder head 4- to receive cables or likeifi'exible" memberscontrolling the vertical movement of the hammer'within the frame. j

Cylinder block 5 is attached to cylinder head 4;

A piston ,6 having a ram 1 attached at its lower 7 end is adapted to operate in cylinder 5, it being understood,- however,- that. actual mechanical connection between thepistonand the ram is not essential. ::The lower end of cylinder Eisreduced in; diameter at toprovide anauxiliary chambe: receiving an auxiliary piston Ill-which forms a seal at the. lower end of cylinder 5.. The usualpistonrings l I may be employed to assure I a tight seal.

Motive fluid for operating th maybe supplied by means of. an inlet pipe connection I2, shown in Fig. qgwhich communicates with a horizontal passage 13. Passage. 13 communicates in turn .withan annular chamber l4 disposed incylinder 5 belowppiston-fi and directly 0 communicatlngiwith thecylinder below the piston at fl 5. Enlargement it formed on cylinder 5 provides a valve chamber l1 opening into chamher I! at one ,side; Although I have showna specific form of valve l8 arranged for actuation view taken on. V

e power hammer tically arranged and formed in the wall of cylinder 5 to provide controlled communication between valve chamber H and the cylinder above f piston 6. The other passage 24 acts as an exhaust for the motive fluidthus suppliedto the cylinder above the piston;

Timed movement of valve" |8, by means of a slide bar 26 operating trip arms 20and 2|, controls the distribution ofthe motive fluid to the upper cylinder only, so that during the entire cyclic movement of piston 6 fluid will be supplied at full pressure below the piston, and will be supplied at the same or full pressure above the piston during the cushioning period of up stroke and accelerating period of the down stroke. As piston 6 reaches substantially the end of the down stroke, the motive fluid in the cylinder above the piston is exhausted to atmosphere,

or otherwise, through passages 23 and 24. Fluid will again be admitted to the cylinder above the piston appreciably before the end of the up stroke. The purpose of admitting it at this period in the operation is to allow it to act asa cushion for the ascending piston, the motive fluid thereafter remaining in the chamber above-the piston during thedown stroke. Accordingly, the power hammer disclosed herein is adapted to have motive fluid of substantially the same and constant pressure acting on both sides of the pis.. ton during'the down stroke. I find, therefore, that ram 1 may be made exceedingly heavy in proportion to dead weight for a selected driving.

energy and velocity of impact, it being understood that dead weight comprises all parts of the hammer serving to resist the net upward reaction of the fluid against the cylinder head 4. Not only may the ram be made exceptionally heavy in proportion to dead weight, which is one 1 and valve operating mechanism 20, 2| and 26, exposed for convenience, but on the other hand,

they may be totally enclosed as shown for protection against damageor to permit the use of the device for sub-aqueous work, and to insulate the cylinder. when using a heated fluid, thereby presenting a cool exterior surface to the touch and in addition reducing condensation in the cylinder by keeping the cylinder walls warm.

In order to provide relatively quickaccess to these operating parts, housing I has been'preferably constructed of two parts, Biland 3|, a1.-

ranged with opposed flanges 32 and;33 on opposite sides,adaptedto be clamped together by suitable means, such as bolts 34. Reinforcing bosses 35 are integrally formed and spaced apart to provide increased reinforced bearing surfacesfor said bolts 34. a

Repair work on devices-of. this type may be 3 greatly facilitated by allowing the cylinder, piston and ram to remain mounted in housing I when possible. Toaccomplish this end, I provide diametrically opposed flanges 36 on cylinder 5, which flanges 36 are adapted to be bolted to the opposed flanges 32 of housing part 36 by means of cap screws 31, as shown in Fig. 4. Flanges 36 are adapted to fit snugly between flanges 32 and 33 as the result of laterally extending shoulders 38 formed on opposite sides of flanges 36, these shoulders providing a seat against which the flanges 32 and 33 may snugly fit. A connecting Web 39"carries flanges 36 on cylinder 5. However, at the reduced'lower end 8 of the cylinder, this Web is reinforced by horizontal enlargements 46., .Cap screws 31 do. not pass through flanges 33. These cap screws 31 can only be removed after housing cover 3| has been removed.

If it is desirable to obtain access to the cylinder, ram or valve parts for the purposes of repair or the like, cap screws 3! need not be removed upon removal of housing cover 3|. It

will be noted in Figs. 3 and 4 that directly below: flanges 36 a ram guide 42 is'provided to guide ram 1 in its up and down movements. A guide-' way 43'is formed on opposite sides of ram 1, as shown in Fig. 3, to'receive guides 42. are provided with outwardly extending flanges 44, which are adapted to be clamped between flanges 32 and 33 of housing parts 30 and 3|.'

Cap screws 45 function to secure guides 42 in position. Housing cover 3| may be also removed without removing cap screws 45 or disturbing;

the mounting of ram 1 within the housing.

Slide bar 26 is mounted upon ram 1. A' porcured in position by means of bolts 52. The slide bar 26 will thus move with ram 1 in its up and down strokes, in order that its cams 26' will operate the trip arms 26 and 2|.

Although piston rod 53 may be of the same di-" ameter as the' auxiliary packing piston I0, I'

have shown it of'smaller diameter and extending downwardly to connect with ram 1 by means of a split bushing 54. A spherical head 55 is formed on the lower end of piston rod 53 so that the upper face 56 of this head may bear against the lower end of split bushing 54, as shown in Fig.2. be suitably bolted at 51 to ram 1.

Any suitable form of construction at the lower end of the housing may be provided to accommodate the pile. There has been shown, however, 'a' dolly plate 60 carried by a retainer 6| suitably attached to the lower end of houisng by means of the same bolts 10 as secure interposed seat 62.- An impact plate 63 is disposed between the seat and the top of dolly platefill.

Cylinder head 4 may be secured to the topot cylinder 5 in any suitable way. It will be noted in Fig. 4 that inwardly extending flanges 65 areformed at the upper end of housing Darts 30 and,

3|, but these flanges are so formed as to provide spaces 66 through which inlet pipe I2 and. e xhaust pipe ,61 are carried.

Itv will be understood that various details of.

Guides. 42

The upper end of this bushing 54 may 14. In a powerfhammer, the combination 1 with g a multi-part housing, a cylinder, apiston thereforand a ram connectedto s'aid piston, all of" which are disposed withinsaidhousing cooper 1 ati ng "flanges on saidjhousing parts and "said cylinderfto secure said cylinderwithin said hous ing, and means fonfastening said flanages -topiston. An exceedingly simple design may be obtained where thesourceof supply is thesa'me,

b'u'tthe same advantageous results flowing from this form of fluiddistribution maybe had if separate sources are provided. It has been found that the "inherent characteristics of the I device disclosed resulting from this form r of fluiddistribution permit a widerlatitudein thedesign of a power hammer to meet; specified conditions. For instance, by altering the stroke, the'idadweight may be reduced or increased an'd the fluid pressure, weight of ram, striking energyand velocity of impact may'be kept constant. The number of blows struck per minute mayalso be kept practically constant if desired, as the stroke is varied, by properly proportioning the, design of the cylinder. Not only may the above advantages as well as many others be obtained, but greater economy in fluid consumption per unit of energy delivered by the blow is possible, due primarily to avoidance of exhausting fluid from large clearance space beneath piston 6, and to the lessened initial condensation occurring in the cylinder, as the hot fluid entering the upper end of the cylinder on down stroke comes only in contact with surfaces previously heated by fluid underneath the piston.

Without further 'elaboratiom'the foregoing will so fully explain the gistof my invention, that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily adopt the same for use under varying conditions of service, without eliminating certain features, which may properly be said to constitute the essential items of novelty involved, which items are intended to be defined and secured to me by the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a power hammer, the combination with a multi-part housing, a cylinder, a pistontherefor and a ram connected to said piston, all of which are disposed within said housing, diametricallyopposed outwardly-extending flanges on said cylinder adapted to be clamped between adjoiningedges of said housing parts for supporting said cylinder within said housing, and means for securing said cylinder in clamping relation between adjoining edges of said housing parts, said securing means fastening said cylinder and one of said housing parts individually together whereby the other housing part may be removed to provide access to the interior of said housing without detaching said cylinder.

2. In a power hammer, the combination with a multi-part housing, a cylinder, a piston therefor and a ram connected to said piston, all of which are disposed within said housing, radially extending flanges on said cylinder, means for fastening said flanges to the outer edges of at least one of said housingparts to support said cylinder within said housing, and means for securing the other housing part to theedges of the first housing part whereby said cylinder and said first housing part are individually secured together so that removal of the secondhousing partmay be obtained without, removing said cylinder.

3. In a power hammer, the combination with a multi-part housing, a cylinder, a piston therefor and a ram connected to said piston, means for mounting said cylinder within said housing comprising radially extending flanges disposed longitudinally along said cylinder, opposed longitudinal flanges on the parts of saidhousing, and means for securing said cylinder flanges between said flanges on said housing parts.

gether whereby said cylinder and one of said housing parts are-individually; secured-together be removed so that the other housing-part may without removing said cylinder.

5. In a power hammer, the combination with a 'multi-part'housinghaving a cylinder, a piston therefor and a ram connected to said pi's'ton' disposed therein, means for fastening said cylinder to said housing comprising cooperating flanges on said cylinder and said housing, the flanges of said cylinder being arranged for clamping between the flanges of said housing, and fastening elements for securing said flanges together whereby said cylinder and one of saidhousing therefor and a ram connected to said piston'disposed therein, means for fastening said cylinder to said housing so that at least one of said housing parts maybe removed without removing said cylinder and said housing, the flanges on said 1 cure the flanges of the remainingof said housing parts to the flanges of said cylinder-and said first housing part. i I

7. In a power hammer, the'combination with a housing having a cylinder, a piston therefor and a ram connected to said piston ,means for securing said cylinder withinsaid'housing including cooperating flanges on said housing and said cylinder, the flanges on said cylinder being carried between the flanges on said housing, and a guide i for said ram disposed between the flanges on said housing below the flanges of said cylindera 8. In a power hammer, the combination with a housing having a cylinder, flanges on said cylinder, a piston and a ram connected to said piston, guiding elements for said ram, and means for securing said cylinder and said guiding elements within said housing comprising means on said housing engaging said flanges on said cylinder ments therefor.

9. In a power hammer, the combination with a multi-part housing having a cylinder,'a piston therefor and aram connected to said piston, means for securing said cylinder within said housing including cooperating flanges on said housing and said cylinder, theflanges-on said cylinder being carried between the, flanges on said housing, a guide for said ramdisposedbetween the flanges on said housing below the flanges of said cylinder, and meansfor securing i 30 cylinder comprising cooperating, flanges on said for and a ram connected to the piston, all of which are disposed within said housing, means on said cylinder adapted to be secured to said housing parts substantially at the adjoining edges of said housing parts for mounting saidcylinder in a vertically suspended position within said housing, and means for securing said housing parts together with said cylinder mounting means in position, said securing means fastening said cylinder and one of said housing parts individually together whereby the other housing part may be removed without removing said cylinder.

11. In a power hammer, the combination with a multi-part housing, a cylinder, a piston therefor, and a ram connected to the piston, all of which are disposed within said housing, radially extending flanges disposed longitudinally along said cylinder adapted to be clamped between adjoining longitudinal edges of said housing parts for mounting said cylinder in a vertically suspended position within said housing, means for securing said radially extending'flanges to the edges of one of said housing parts, and means for securing the edgesrof the other housing part to the edges of the first housing part with said radially extending flanges therebetween.

CAMPBELL v. ADAMS.

Images