US1995000A - Inclosed electric heater - Google Patents

Description

March 19, 1935. 1 c. HYATT 1,995,000

A INCLOSED ELECTRIC HEATER Filed May 9, .1.929

FIG. 1.

INVENTOR LOUIS C. HYATT ATTOR N EY Patented Mar. 19, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INCLOSED ELECTRIC HEATER Louis C. Hyatt, Albany, N. Y., assignor to Consolidated Car-Heating Company, Inc., Albany, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 9, 1929, Serial No. 361,743 2 Claims. (Cl. 219-38) For a detailed description of the present form former type of heater is that the outside metal of my invention, reference may be had to the casing is electrically insulated, being therefore following specincation and to the accompanying safe to handle, and capable of being clamped to, drawing, forming a part thereof, wherein or immersed in, a material to be heated thereby. 5 Fig. l illustrates an existing form of inclosed The disadvantage of it, which I have succeeded 5 electric heater; in overcoming, is that the resistor is insulated Figs, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate my improvement thermally as well as electrically. For that reason thereon. the generation of heat in the resistor must be kept My invention consists in a form of electricv strictly limited, for the safety ofthe resistor conheater of the inclosed type capable of operating ductor, while the slowness of ,heat removal from 10 at a much higher temperature of the resistor Said COndllCtOr t0 the easing 0r medium t0 be and having a far greater capacity than has hereheated by the casing, makes necessary the emtofore been possible in ordinary heaters of this plcyment 0f n comparatively large heater for any type. This I accomplish by supporting and eieolarge heating transaction. In other words, the

trically insulating the resistor with a material fermer heater has Only 310W CeDaCityl5 which is at the same time permeable by radiant Turning neXt t0 Fig- 2, Wlliell illustrates my heat and which will also retain to an adequate imprOVement, V represents tile metallic Outer extent its electrical insulating quality when it is tube. W represents a tube cf quartz, preferably itself at a luminous heat. It is well known that transparent, although translucent quartz will 2o radiant heat travels in the order of about 181,000 serve, and inside 0f the qllelrtZ tllbe is the le- 20 miles per second, i. e. approximately the speed sistOr X, naVing its terminal reds F F in the of light. On the other hand, heat travels by conbushing D Wrapped With mica Where it enters duction a matter of inches per minute or minutes the metal Cesey lust as in the 01d heaters. The per inch, depending upon the material, It is also quartz tube is permeable to heat radiation, instead wc-ll known that radiant energy (radiant heat) 0f being a heat insulator, and instantly transmits 25 travels through space, whereas Conducted heat the heat radiated from the resistor to the metal does not. Alsos that radiant energy is stopped by case V or other heat receiving medium outside of opaque bodies, whereas conducted heat is not. the quartz- FOI that reason, it becomes Possible, Therefore, with e heater unit, of this type, the and such is my practice, to operate the resistor generated heat of the resistor will be dispersed at a luminous neet, either a red, 0r even e White 30 to the outside atmosphere or to the inclosing heat Thereby gain a large CaDaCity in a given metal casing or other medium to be heated at a heater, as Compared With those DreViOuSly used. far more rapid rate than when the Customary Unless this heat is absorbed by the casing or other opaque and heet insulating materiais are em medium about as rapidly as it is generated in the 5 ployed as electrical insulators. Thus the heater resistor, the quartz Will also beCOIne red hot, but 35 has a correspondingly greater capacity than herethis is immaterial because the quartz, unlike other tofore, not only responding instantaneously to the insulators, will maintain its electrical insulating electric current, but the resistor can be mainproperty et high heat. MreOVer it Will at high tained with safety at an operating temperature heat preserve its shape and mechanical strength which would be unsafe and even ruinous to preandy-What is also 0f imD0rtanCe,-it has Only a 40 existing heaters. This permits a natural saving negligible Coefficient 0f expansion. Thus I am in cost of the heater as well as in the space reable t0 Operate my heater at a mllCh higher temquired for it, perature and with a much greater concentration Referring to Fig. 1, which illustrates an electric of heat volume therein than has been heretofore heater of the inclosed type heretofore in use, A possible. Moreover, the transparency of the 45 represents a metallic tube, B the coil of conductor, quartz t0 heat radiation permits a rapid disperoften called the resistor, and C represents a siOn 0f the greater amOllnt 0f heat generated in powdered and packed insulating materiel suon as the resistor to the metal case and other external magnesium oxide, lava, alundum, or zirconium media to be heated thereby, so there is no acoxide, all of which are electrical insulators more cumulaticn cf heet in the resistor. in spite of its 5o or less refractory to heat, but are also nonconhigh temperature Since it is desirable that the ductors of heat and opaque to heat radiation. resistor, in its superheated condition, should be The terminal rods F F of resistor B are inclosed kept frOm VibratiOn in the quartz tube, I pack the in end bushings D D wrapped in mica E where tube, both in and around the resistor, with quartz they enter the tube A. The advantage of this sand, indicated at Y, or vibration may be prevent- 65 ed by winding the resistor with a thin layer of asbestos.

Turning next to Fig. 3, I illustrate therein another orm of my invention wherein the outside metal case is eliminated, and on the quartz tube W are mounted at each end a metal cap Z weld-V pears in Fig. 3. In Fig. 4 S represents a cross section of a vessel containing liquid to be heated. At one point in the wall of this vessel is screwed a panel T, and in this panel are mounted the two ends o .a U-shaped quartz tube W. In each end of the quartz tube is a bushing D, such as I have heretofore described as placed in the end of a metal case outside of the quartz tube (see Fig. 2)

In this apparatus, the quartz tube will have adequate mechanical strength, even ata luminous temperature, to act as a support for the resistor and will also insulate the resistor electrically, which has heretofore been non-insulated thervinally, and deliver its heat directly to the liquid in the tank.

In the following claims I intend to exclude such heater insulation as may be opaque to heat radiation, however effective it may be as electrical insulation.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A heater of the character described comprising a non-luminous `heat-receiving Hmedium, a tubular support of dielectric material permeable to radiant heat, said support being fixedly positioned with respect to said heat receiving medium, a resistor element of the luminous type located within said tube, and a mass of vibrationpreventing dielectric material interposed between the resistor and its support, said interposed material possessing high insulating quality and said resistor element, said resistor support and the interposed dielectric material being constructed and arranged to transmit radiant heat to said Vheat receiving medium.

2. In a heater of the character described, 4a radiant heat-transmitting unit comprising a tubular body of dielectric material permeable ltoradiant heat, a resistor element within said tubular.'

body, and a mass of vibration preventing dielectric material filling said tubular body andinclosing said resistor element.

LOUIS C. HYATT.

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