US1994140A - Internal radiator for anodes - Google Patents

Description

arch 12, 1935. H. B. McEUEN INTERNAL RADIATOR FOR ANODES Filed Nov. 20, 1931 INVENTOR. 1i. fi. [if c 502' BY M A TTORNEY" Patented Mar. 12, 1935 UNlTED smeg- INTERNAL nanm'ronronfmonus 7 Harry Bernard McEuen, Jacksonville, Fla.

' 1 Application ovember 20, 1931, Serial Names-7s Renewed May 24, 1934 17 Claims. (Cl. 259-35) This invention is directed to an improvement in anodes for X-ray tubes, with particularregard tov permitting material increase of the total load capacity of such tube withoutoverheatinge '5 .In tubes as heretofore proposed the input ca! pacity has been materially'restricted and output.

' is to provide for effective cooling of thetungsten button even under materially increased input as compared with the present type, thereby materially increasing the range of eiiectiveness of the apparatus, without danger to the, operator. or liability of damage of theparts; 7

The important constructive detail of thetpres ent invention is the provisionof metallicmeans for diffusing" the heat of thebutton proper over. a comparatively large area, and subjecting this area to the .heat exchange with a cooling medium in circulatory flow, to dissipate :orcarry away-the heated condition. i 1 g 4 The invention is illustrated inthe accompany ing drawing, in which:-- i Fig. .1V is a view in longitudinal section of an anode of an X-ray apparatus, showing the application of the improved cooling means, Fig.2 is a section on the line .22 of Fig. 1..

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view,'partly in elevation, showing the connection of the tungsten button and the metallic backing therefor.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. '1, showin a slightly-diiierent form of cooling means. r

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional View, taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

The showing here is of ananode for use in con nection with X -r-ay apparatus, and while, more particularly designed for use inconnectionwith the apparatus describedin my copending appli: cation, Serial Number 428,798, February 15, 1930, is obviously capable of other and varied uses and purposes, and any and all such are contemplated;

bedded in a metallic, preferably copper, backing sheetB. I To insure the maximum heat conductive contact andal-so more securely fix the button to the backing sheet, the button'is formed with projections 101 spurs ,4, which are embedded in the materialoi the backing sheet;

The backing sheet, which is comparatively thin is integrally orotherwise formed to provide fins 5, radiating from the center or the backing and terminating immediately .free of contact with the tube- 1. These-fins for an appropriate distance from the. center of the backing sheet have a limited extension rearward-1y, the remaining .and relatively outer portion :ofeach being extended rearwardly for a considerable distance, as indicated at 6. The fin extensions 6 thus define a centralpassage '7, open at the rear and having relatively narrow fin portions; at the front.

A tube 8 for the cooling agent, whether water, oil, or other .medium, is projected through the end of; the tube 1 remote-from the target, and extends. centrally of the tube 1, with its open forward end terminating immediately adjacent the short fin lengths. The tube extends longitudinally of the passage J, defined by the extensions 6, being preferably free of contact with the edges of such extensions to permit free, flow of the cooling agent. The end of the tube 1 remote from the target is sealed an appropriate manner, except for the passage of the tube 8, preferably entering atthe upper portion of the tube, and for an outlet 9 for the heated water. The outlet, wh ch is of tube form may beintegral with the end .sealingelement, or secured thereto,

such outlet tube merely communicating with the 7 tube .1 at the sealedend. r

In the form shown in Figsj and .5, the target is similar to the *tormfirst described, including a tungsten button 10, and a metallic backing 11, the cooperation .of the button and backing, including the spurs, being asillustrated in Fig. 3,. It is of course to be understood that While the provision of thespurs 4 are to be preferred, other similar means may be arranged in either form, oranysuch means eliminated. The backing 11 of this form is also provided with fins,such fins :12 this case radiating from an area or point at the extreme lower edge of the backing, and diverging therefrom upwardly, asv -clearly shown in Fig.5. .The lower portions of these fins 12 terminateinwardly of the jback-, ingand ashort distance therefrom, as at ,13, while the upper portions of the ifins are extended longie tudinally :of the tube 1, as fin-extensions 14.

A tube 15 tor-the cooling agent extends through the sealing end 16 of the tube 1, and is directed lengthwise the tube 1, parallel to and in spaced relation with the lower portion of the wall of the tube. The free open end of the cooling tube 15 terminates immediately in advance of the terminals 13 of the short lower portions of the fins 12. An outlet tube 17 communicates with the upper portion of the tube 1, being appropriately secured in the sealed end of such tube 1.

In the form shown in Figs. '1 and 2, the cooling agent is delivered through the tube 8 under more or less pressure, and the circulation through the tube 1 and through the outlet 9 is maintained by this pressure. In the form shown'in Figs. 4' and 5, the circulation is maintained bythermo-siphonic action, the cooling agent rising through the fins, becoming heated, and flowing out the higher outlet.

In both forms the heat of the focal point is readily distributed by conduction to the extremely large relative metallic area, broken into fin formation to present maximum surfacearea, and through the circulation of the cooling agent in contact with this large metallic surface area, the heat is carriedawa'y from the target and dissipated. The rapid and effectivecooling of the target permits a material increase in the electrical energy which may be employed, with obvious advantageous results.

The rapidity of the circulation of the cooling agent may be controlled as desired in the pressure system, and will be automatically controlled in the thermo-siphon system. Of course in the thermo-siphon system the tubes 15 and 17 may be in communication with an'external tank for continuous circulation, with the tank subject to an external cooling agent. This arrangement is conventional, and requires no particular'illustration.

In more detail it is contemplated that the tungsten button should be at least two inches in diameter and the metallic backing relatively thin, say about two millimeters in thickness, the'fins being of corresponding diameterJ The'metal employed is preferably copper, owing to the high heat conductivity of such metal, though specific limitation to copper is not intended.

In connection with that characteristic of the invention designed to prevent damageto the parts, attention is called tothe fact that the fins serve as a grid-like reinforce to the matrix, preventing the matrix and button frombulging from the pressure of the cooling fluid or due to the pull of the vacuum in the X-ray tube proper. As previously stated a thin backing is contemplated, and hence the extreme value of the fins as a reinforce is apparent. r

The tube 1 may be supportedin anydesired manner. i

Having thus described the invention, what-is claimedas new, is: a

1. An anode for X-ray apparatus and the like including a tube, a target atone end thereof, means for delivering a cooling agent adjacent the target, and means carried by the target and extending rearwardly beyond the delivery end of the cooling agent delivering means to provide a relatively large heat exchange surface between the target and the cooling agent. 7 a

2. An anode for X-ray apparatus and the like including a tube, a target at one end thereof including a metallic backing, means for delivering a cooling agent adjacent the metallic backing, and a series of metallic fins extending from the metallic backing and materially beyond the delivery end of the means for delivering the cooling agent, said fins including portions of reduced length immediately in advance of the delivery end or the cooling agent delivering means.

3. An'anode including a target having a metallic backing, 'a series of fins extending rearwardly from the backing and radiating from alower point of the backing, the length of the upper portion of the fins exceeding the lengtheof the lower portion thereof, andzmeans for delivering a cooling agent in line with the reduced length of the 4. An anode including a target having a metallic backing, a'series of metallic fins projecting rearwardly therefrom andradiating from the lowest point of the backing, the lowest portion of the fins forming a space, and a cooling agent delivery means having its discharge end within'said' space. 1 V

5. An anode including a target having ametallic backing, a series of rearwardly extending metallic fins connected to the backing, said fins v radiating from substantially the central point of the backing, the length of the fins within the central area of the backing being of reduced; length to provide a space, and'a cooling agent] delivery means having its discharge end within said space:-

6. An anode including a target having a metallic backing and fins projecting from the back ing being of reduced radial dimensions to'definef v an elongated space, and'a' coolingfiuid' delivery tube having its discharge end in such spacey 35 '7. An anodeincluding a target havinga m'etallic' backing, a series of fins extending' from the backing and radiating from thecentr'al p'oint thereof, said-fins at a point remote fr'om 'the backing being reduced in radial dimension to form a central pocket-and a cooling-fluid deliv ery tube having its discharge end in such pocket. 8. An anode including a metallic backing, {fins radiating fromapoint substantially at the mar-' gin of the backing, said fins at a point remote from the backing being reduced in radial dimension to define a pocketextending substan-- f tially coincident with the margin of-the ,back

ing, the radial length of the fins defining the pocket varying one from the'other, and'a' cool-' ing tube having its discharge end in such'pocket.

9. An anode including a backing, aseries of fin-like blades radiating from a point on thebacking and-extending away from the backing, each of said blades at apoint remote from the backing being'cut away, the remaining portionsoi' the,"

backing and radiating from a point thereon',-;the"

fins adjacent'the backing extending from, such point substantially to the marginof the backing;

the remaininglengths ofthe fins being reduced in radial dimension to together define a pocket; and a cooling tube having its discharge and in such pocket.

11. An anode includinga target, a'metallic backing therefor, a seriesof finsradiating'from a point on the backing, each'of the fins project ing from the backingv in a direction opposite to the target, and being cutaway for a. definite 30 ing, said fins. at a point remote fromthe'b'ackiength from their free ends to a point spaced from the backing, the cut-away portions of the fins defining a pocket-like space, and. a cooling tube having its discharge end in such space.

12. An anode for X-ray apparatus and the like, including a tube and a target, the target including a metallic backing having a series of heat radiating fins arranged to define a pocket, and means having its discharge end within the pocket for delivering a cooling agent within said pocket.

13. An anode for X-ray apparatus and the like, including a tube, a target at one end thereof, a series of metallic fins extending from the target within the tube, and cooling fluid delivery means having a discharge end between the ends of the fins and the target.

14. An anode having a target including a backing therefor, said backing having a series of fins radially disposed on the rear face of the backing and extending rearwardly therefrom for a distance in excess of the thickness of the backing, the fins defining an extended heat radiating surface and providing a truss-like reinforce for the'backing.

15. An anode having the backing of the target formed with a series of rearward-extending reinforcing fins radiating from a common point.

16. An anode having the backing of the target formed with a series of rearwardly exteding relatively radial spaced fins to reinforce the backing and provide relatively extended heat radiating surfaces.

17. An anode having the backing of the target formed with rearwardly-extending reinforcing fins, the fins being cut away to provide a pocket for the reception of a cooling agent.

HARRY BERNARD'McEUEN.

Images