US1990697A - Apparatus for the pyrolytic processing of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Apparatus for the pyrolytic processing of hydrocarbons Download PDF

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US1990697A
US1990697A US369174A US36917429A US1990697A US 1990697 A US1990697 A US 1990697A US 369174 A US369174 A US 369174A US 36917429 A US36917429 A US 36917429A US 1990697 A US1990697 A US 1990697A
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fuel
combustion
container
burner
gases
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US369174A
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William K Keeling
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00—Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/05—Diffusion membrane for gas reaction or separation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a means for the formation and utilization of hot combustion gases in hydrocarbon crackingprocesses of the vapor phase type and for heating.
  • distilling or cracking carboniferous and petroliferous material and the invention has for its object to provide, face type combustion burner device for ing adjacent to and for communicating positionwith the 1 heating, distilling or cracking apparatus or system and so constructed and arranged whereby all the fuel is completely burned before any of the combustion gases are ⁇ introduced into the apparatus or system; combustion takes place outside of the apparatus or system no flame can ever come in contact with the material to be heated; no partly burned fuel or partly burned products of the fuel can come in contact with the material to be heated; and further whereby the products of combastion to be introduced into the system are cal:-
  • a further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a surface type combustion burner device making available approximately one hundred percent-of the heat content of the fuel.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a surface type combustion burner device arranged relative to the system whereby the products of combustion, discharged therefrom are directly co-mingled and contacted with the material to be heated thereby utilizing approximately one hundred percent of the heat energy of the fuel. resulting in a large saving in fuel cost.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a surface type combustion burner device whereby the hot d for ;heatingf..only or for distillation, cracking, /as well as any or all distilling and cracking.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a new and novel means for heat application of hot combustion gases and with these latter diluted with cool inert gases. before the hot combustion gases are introduced into the apparatus or system. under such conditions any temperature of the hot combustion gases up to approximately 3500 F., can maintained. depending on the fuel used.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide,
  • a surface type combustion burner device whereby the amount of air and fuel mixture admitted thereto is subject to instant and automatic control under such conditions that the quantity of heat introduced into the apparatus or system is also subject to instant and automatic control.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, whereby the heat application to the material in the apparatus or system can be operated with the pressure in that part of the latter carrying the material above, below or at atmospheric pressure.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatical'view illustrating the adaptation of devices in accordance with this invention with respect to a system or apparatus employed for cracking, heating and distilling hydrocarbons and any combination of cracking, heating and distilling.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings 1 indicates a column, Icontainer or receptacle for carboniferous or petroliferous material to be treated.
  • the upper end of the container Lis provided with an outlet pipe 2 leading to a condenser or cooler not shown.
  • a draw off pipe 3 forresidual material, such as coke or the like.
  • the surface type burner is indicated generally at 4 and which includes an annular part 5 of uniform diameter and a tapered part 6 extended from one .end of the part 5.
  • the tapered part 6 at its free end is formed with an opening 7 and or vpetroliferous material ,a collar 8 forming a continuation of opening 7.
  • V4 merges into a head member 10 provided with a series of spaced ports 11.
  • the parts 5, 6 and head member 10 provide a combustion chamber 12.
  • annular cap member 13 Mounted on the outer periphery of the part and projecting rearwardly therefrom is an annular cap member 13 having its rear end 14 spaced from the head piece to provide a fuel receiving chamber 15.
  • the rear end 14 of the receptacle 13 has a central opening. 16 to the Wall of which is connected-a fuel supply pipe 17 leading from an inspirator or automatic mixing device 18.
  • Communicating with the device 18 is a gas feed pipe 19 and an air supply pipe 20 and said pipes have automatic control devices 21, 22 respectively to regulate the pressure of gas and air respectivea pair of surface type burner ly.
  • the inspirator or automatic mixing device 18 is for correctly proportioning the air and gas mixture which when combined provides the fuel discharging into the receiving chamber 15 and from there it passes through ports 11 into the combustion chamber 12 and burned.
  • the hot combustion gases pass from the chamber 12 through a conducting pipe 23 secured to the wall of opening '7 and collar 8 and opening into combustion chamber 12.
  • the pipe 23 is connected to the container 1, as at 24 and opens into the lower portion of container 1.
  • the burner element 4 and conducting pipe 23 are provided with a lining of refractory material.
  • a supply line 25 Opening into the conducting pipe 23, in advance of the part 6 of the burner element 4 is a supply line 25 which is employed for conducting cold inert gas to the pipe 23 to cool the hot combustion gases before the admission thereof to the container 1.
  • FIG. 2 An apparatus or system for cracking, heating or distilling hydrocarbons and utilizing therewith a plurality of surface type combustion burner devices in accordance with this invention.
  • the burner devices are indicated generally at 26, 27 and each is constructed in the same manner as the burner device shown in Figure 1.
  • the burner devices are disposed vertically whereas in Figure 1 the burner device is arranged horizontally.
  • FIG. 2 a pair of containers or columns for the material being treated are indicated at 28 and 29 in communication with each other by a conducting pipe 30 which leads from the lower end of container 28 and opens into the top of container 29.
  • Burner devices 26, 27 open respectively in the lower portions of containers 28, 29.
  • Container 29 has a residual material outlet 31.
  • Automatic inspirators 32, 33 for air and fuel communicate respectively with burner devices 26, 27.
  • Air and fuel feed lines or manifolds 34, 35 respectively are common to the inspirators.
  • a charging line for cool oil stock to be treated is indicated at 38 and has branches 39 opening into the heat exchangers.
  • the line,38v opens into container 28.
  • a vconducting pipe 40 establishes communication between the heat exchangers and has a branch 41 leading to line 38. Extendingv from the heat exchangers to condensers not shown are conducting pipes 42, and extending from containers 28, 29A to the heat exchangers are vapor conductor vpipes 42'.
  • burner devices 26, 27 are ⁇ constructed the same as the burner device shown in Figure 1, therefore each includes a v.conducting pipe 43 corresponding to pipe 23 and a supply Line 44 for cool inert gas corresponding to line 25.
  • An apparatus of the character described comprising in combination a plurality of surface combustion burners, having mixing chambers, air supply pipes entering said chambers, fuel supply pipes adapted to deliver fuel to said chambers whereby to form an explosive fuel and air mixture in the respective chambers, pressure control means interposed in said respective air and fuel pipes, pipes for delivering said mixtures to the respective burners for combustion to form incandescent gas substantially devoid of free oxygen, a plurality of containers, conduits for delivering said incandescent gases into respective containers, an inlet to one of said containers for the material to be processed, ducts for conducting the non-volatile material processed in one container to the adjoining container whereby the material to be processed is adapted to pass through said containers in succession and is subjected to pyrolytic treatment by said gases in the successive containers.
  • conduits are provided with respective communicating pipes for the introduction of a cooler inert gas thereinto to govern thetemperature of said incandescent gases.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Feb. 12, i935. w. o. KEELING 1,990,597
APPARATUS FOR THE PYROLYTIC-PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS Filed June '7, 1929 2 Sheets-511661', l
Feb..12, 1935. w. o. KEELING APPARATUS FOR THE PYROLYTIC PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS Filed June '7, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 connection with combinations of heating,
gases therefrom ,may be Patented Feb. 12, 1935 UNITED STATES APPARATUS FOB THE PYROLYTIC PRC- y ESSING 0F HYDROCARBONS William 0. Keeling, Independence, Mo. Application June 7, 1929, Serial No. 369,174
f 2 claims.
' This invention relates to a means for the formation and utilization of hot combustion gases in hydrocarbon crackingprocesses of the vapor phase type and for heating. distilling or cracking carboniferous and petroliferous material and the invention has for its object to provide, face type combustion burner device for ing adjacent to and for communicating positionwith the 1 heating, distilling or cracking apparatus or system and so constructed and arranged whereby all the fuel is completely burned before any of the combustion gases are`introduced into the apparatus or system; combustion takes place outside of the apparatus or system no flame can ever come in contact with the material to be heated; no partly burned fuel or partly burned products of the fuel can come in contact with the material to be heated; and further whereby the products of combastion to be introduced into the system are cal:-
bon dioxide, water vapor,:free nitrogen and which contains substantially zero percentage of free Oxygen andcarbon monoxide.
A further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a surface type combustion burner device making available approximately one hundred percent-of the heat content of the fuel.
A further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a surface type combustion burner device arranged relative to the system whereby the products of combustion, discharged therefrom are directly co-mingled and contacted with the material to be heated thereby utilizing approximately one hundred percent of the heat energy of the fuel. resulting in a large saving in fuel cost.
A further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a surface type combustion burner device whereby the hot d for ;heatingf..only or for distillation, cracking, /as well as any or all distilling and cracking.
A further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a new and novel means for heat application of hot combustion gases and with these latter diluted with cool inert gases. before the hot combustion gases are introduced into the apparatus or system. under such conditions any temperature of the hot combustion gases up to approximately 3500 F., can maintained. depending on the fuel used.
A further object of the invention is to provide,
. in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a surface type combustion burner device whereby the amount of air and fuel mixture admitted thereto is subject to instant and automatic control under such conditions that the quantity of heat introduced into the apparatus or system is also subject to instant and automatic control.
in a manner as hereinafter set forth, asuri A further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, whereby the heat application to the material in the apparatus or system can be operated with the pressure in that part of the latter carrying the material above, below or at atmospheric pressure.
With the foregoing and other objects in view the invention consists of the novel construction and arrangement of surface type combustion burner deyice as hereinafter more specifically described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown an embodiment of the invention, but` it is to be understood that changes, variations and modifications can be resorted to which fall within the scope of the claims adaptation thereof in connection with a container carrying carboniferous to be treated.
Figure 2 is a diagrammatical'view illustrating the adaptation of devices in accordance with this invention with respect to a system or apparatus employed for cracking, heating and distilling hydrocarbons and any combination of cracking, heating and distilling.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings 1 indicates a column, Icontainer or receptacle for carboniferous or petroliferous material to be treated. The upper end of the container Lis provided with an outlet pipe 2 leading to a condenser or cooler not shown. 'I'he bottom of the container 1 is provided with a draw off pipe 3 forresidual material, such as coke or the like.
The surface type burner is indicated generally at 4 and which includes an annular part 5 of uniform diameter and a tapered part 6 extended from one .end of the part 5. `The tapered part 6 at its free end is formed with an opening 7 and or vpetroliferous material ,a collar 8 forming a continuation of opening 7.
V4 merges into a head member 10 provided with a series of spaced ports 11. The parts 5, 6 and head member 10 provide a combustion chamber 12.
Mounted on the outer periphery of the part and projecting rearwardly therefrom is an annular cap member 13 having its rear end 14 spaced from the head piece to provide a fuel receiving chamber 15. The rear end 14 of the receptacle 13 has a central opening. 16 to the Wall of which is connected-a fuel supply pipe 17 leading from an inspirator or automatic mixing device 18. Communicating with the device 18 is a gas feed pipe 19 and an air supply pipe 20 and said pipes have automatic control devices 21, 22 respectively to regulate the pressure of gas and air respectivea pair of surface type burner ly. The inspirator or automatic mixing device 18 is for correctly proportioning the air and gas mixture which when combined provides the fuel discharging into the receiving chamber 15 and from there it passes through ports 11 into the combustion chamber 12 and burned. The hot combustion gases pass from the chamber 12 through a conducting pipe 23 secured to the wall of opening '7 and collar 8 and opening into combustion chamber 12. The pipe 23 is connected to the container 1, as at 24 and opens into the lower portion of container 1. The burner element 4 and conducting pipe 23 are provided with a lining of refractory material.
Opening into the conducting pipe 23, in advance of the part 6 of the burner element 4 is a supply line 25 which is employed for conducting cold inert gas to the pipe 23 to cool the hot combustion gases before the admission thereof to the container 1.
There is illustrated in Figure 2 an apparatus or system for cracking, heating or distilling hydrocarbons and utilizing therewith a plurality of surface type combustion burner devices in accordance with this invention. The burner devices are indicated generally at 26, 27 and each is constructed in the same manner as the burner device shown in Figure 1. In Figure 2 the burner devices are disposed vertically whereas in Figure 1 the burner device is arranged horizontally.
In Figure 2 a pair of containers or columns for the material being treated are indicated at 28 and 29 in communication with each other by a conducting pipe 30 which leads from the lower end of container 28 and opens into the top of container 29. Burner devices 26, 27 open respectively in the lower portions of containers 28, 29. Container 29 has a residual material outlet 31. Automatic inspirators 32, 33 for air and fuel communicate respectively with burner devices 26, 27. Air and fuel feed lines or manifolds 34, 35 respectively are common to the inspirators.
Communicating heat exchangers or partial condensers 36, 37 are arranged above the containers. A charging line for cool oil stock to be treated is indicated at 38 and has branches 39 opening into the heat exchangers. The line,38v opens into container 28. A vconducting pipe 40 establishes communication between the heat exchangers and has a branch 41 leading to line 38. Extendingv from the heat exchangers to condensers not shown are conducting pipes 42, and extending from containers 28, 29A to the heat exchangers are vapor conductor vpipes 42'.
'I'he burner devices 26, 27are `constructed the same as the burner device shown in Figure 1, therefore each includes a v.conducting pipe 43 corresponding to pipe 23 and a supply Line 44 for cool inert gas corresponding to line 25.
In order to regulate the temperature .of the hot combustion gasesto be introduced to the system orapparatus, it will be necessary to comingle the hot combustion `gases direct from the burner with some cold ,inert gas, because the temperature of the hot combustion gases direct from the burner may reach a temperature of approximately 3500 F., depending on the nature o1' the fuel. The. direct contact of the hot combustion` gases at this temperature with carboniferous or petroliferous material would result in complete` decomposition of the latter, which is a thing to bepavoided.
Among the advantages of heat application in accordance with this invention are that all of the fuel is completely burned before any of the combustion gases are introduced into the apparatus or system; that combustion takes place outside of the apparatus or system proper; that no flame can ever come in contact with material to be heated; that no partly burned fuel or partly burned products of the fuel can ever come in contact with the material to be heated; that the products of combustion to be introduced into the apparatus or system are carbon dioxide, water vapor, free nitrogen and contains substantially zero percentage of free oxygen and carbon monoxide; thatcapproximately theoretical proportions of air and fuel are necessary, resulting in making available approximately one hundred percent of the heat content of the fuel; that since the products of combustion are directly co-mingled and contacted with the material to be heated approximately one hundred percent of the heat energy of the fuel can be utilized, resulting in a large saving in fuel cost; that since products of combustion may be diluted with relatively cool inert gases before being introduced into the container containing the material to be heated, any temperature up to approximately 3500 F., can be maintained, depending on the fuel used; that since the amount of air-fuel mixture admitted to a surface type combustion burner is subject to instant and automatic control the quantity of heat introduced into a container is also subject to instant and automatic control; that since the temperature of the combustion gases introduced into a container may vary up to 3500 F., these gases may be used then for heating only, distillation, cracking, as well as any or all combinations of heating, distillation and cracking and by this method of heating can be operated with the pressure in the container either above or below atmospheric pressure.
It is thought the many advantages of a surface type combustion burner device in accordance with this invention can be readily understood, and although the preferred embodiment thereof is as illustrated and described, yet it is to be understood that changes in the details of construction can be had which .fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
What I claim is:
1. An apparatus of the character described comprising in combination a plurality of surface combustion burners, having mixing chambers, air supply pipes entering said chambers, fuel supply pipes adapted to deliver fuel to said chambers whereby to form an explosive fuel and air mixture in the respective chambers, pressure control means interposed in said respective air and fuel pipes, pipes for delivering said mixtures to the respective burners for combustion to form incandescent gas substantially devoid of free oxygen, a plurality of containers, conduits for delivering said incandescent gases into respective containers, an inlet to one of said containers for the material to be processed, ducts for conducting the non-volatile material processed in one container to the adjoining container whereby the material to be processed is adapted to pass through said containers in succession and is subjected to pyrolytic treatment by said gases in the successive containers.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said conduits are provided with respective communicating pipes for the introduction of a cooler inert gas thereinto to govern thetemperature of said incandescent gases.
^ O. KEELING.
US369174A 1929-06-07 1929-06-07 Apparatus for the pyrolytic processing of hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US1990697A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2546042A (en) * 1948-12-31 1951-03-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and apparatus for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons
US2590660A (en) * 1949-03-02 1952-03-25 United Carbon Company Inc Apparatus for the manufacture of carbon black
US2728650A (en) * 1951-11-09 1955-12-27 Gulf Research Development Co Process for producing gas comprising hydrogen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2546042A (en) * 1948-12-31 1951-03-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and apparatus for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons
US2590660A (en) * 1949-03-02 1952-03-25 United Carbon Company Inc Apparatus for the manufacture of carbon black
US2728650A (en) * 1951-11-09 1955-12-27 Gulf Research Development Co Process for producing gas comprising hydrogen

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