US1981039A - Selvage motion for looms - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 20, 1934. w. B. GREAVES SELVAGE MOTION FOR LOOMS Filed Jan, 27, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 14 07 B Gfeares ATTORNEYS Nov. 20, 1934. w, GREAVES SELVAGE MOTION FOR LOOMS Filed Jan. 27, 1952' -4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Grea es M m, v 62km! ATTOR EY5 Nov. 20, 1934.

W. B. GREAVES SELVAGE MOTION FOR LGOMS Filed Jan. 27, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Mn. 5, Grea res BY 0) MI, W M'- ATTORNEYS NOV. 20, 1934. w GREAVES I H 1 1,981,039

SELVAGE MOTION FOR LOOMS Filed Jan. 27, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 O o 29 6 5'8 59 F g 5. 1 ,5

o: O 1 L ATTORN EYS Patented Nov. 20, 1934 SELVAGE MOTION FOR LOOMS William B. Greaves, Amsterdam, N. .Y., assiglioi to Mohawk Carpet Mills, Inc.,

Amsterdam,

N. L, a corporation of New York Application January 27, 1932, Serial No. 589,-114

8 Claims.

This invention relates to the art of weaving the selvages of fabrics and is concerned more particularly with a fabric having a selvage woven in a novel manner as a result of which the selvage is tighter and narrower than selvages made by prior methods. The new type of selvage may be advantageously incorporated in fabrics of various types but is particularly applicable to pile fabrics, such as are commonly used for floor coverings, since it not only improves such fabrics by preyenting them from losing their shape but also improves their appearance because it can be concealed under the face yarn at the edge. The invention comprehends a novel method and appal5 ratus for weaving a fabric having a selvage of the i new type and, for purposes of explanation, the application of the new selvage to pile fabrics will be set forth in detail, although it is to be understood that the utility of the invention is by no means limited to fabrics having a pile.

In pile fabrics as now commonly woven, the selvage is formed along one edge of the fabric by looping the weft yarn around a selvage chord between successive weft shots so the weft yarn extends around the selvage chord once for each shot of two weft threads. The shed which determines the position of the warp yarns in the weaving operation changes with each shot of the weft and returns to its original position only for every third shot, and when the Warp yarns are tightened around a shot of weft, the level of the weft shot depends upon the amount of warp yarn above and below it and frequently successive shots of weft are at different levels. Since the weft thread is looped around the selvage chord once for each shot and then drawn tight, the result is that the selvage chord does not lie straight at the edge of the fabric but is pulled up and down and this produces a wide bulky selvage. If an attempt is made to correct this condition by pulling the selvage chord taut, the weft yarns are drawn out of the fabric to an undesirable extent and this also increases the width and bulk of the selvage. As a consequence, it is not possible, in a fabric in which the weft passes around the chord once for every shot, to make the selvage narrow and tight by tension either on the selvage chord or the weft yarns.

I have found that these difficulties can be overcome by weaving the pile fabric so that the selvage chord is bound by a part only of the weft yarn loops and this can best be done by manipulating the selvage chord to cause certain of the shots to be inserted above the chord and the re- .-maining shots to be inserted below the chord.

There may actually be several levels of weft shots, but these levels may all be' regarded either as upper or lower with respect to the line along which selvage chord is tolie. With this method of Weaving, the weft yarns can be drawn tightly 0 without disturbing the selvage chord and the selvage chord can be drawn taut without drawing out the weft yarns to an undesirable extent. A selvage woven in the manner described may, therefore, be much tighter and narrower than 5 selvages as heretofore formed, and, if the chord is bound near thelower edge of the fabric, it can be drawn in close to the undersurface of the fabric and hidden by' the face yarn.

As an' example, a fabric in which there are three weft shots in a cycle, that is, one in which three weft shots are inserted before the shed motions controlling the stuffer and pile warps are repeated, may be woven with two weft shots of the groupof three lying'on one side of the selvage chord and the remaining shot, preferably the lower shot, on the other side of the chord. In those fabrics, in which there are more than three Weft shots to a cycle, the same principle of operation may be employed to cause the selvage chord to be bound to the fabric by a part only of the weft shots, preferably along the lower edge of the fabric, this method of weaving the fabric producing the desirable selvage above described.

In making the new selvage, the position of the selvage chord'cannot always be controlled by ordinary heddles which change their positions several times during each weft cycle, as for instance in weaving a three-shot fabric having the pattern visible on the back, and I have accordingly devised a novel guide and a mechanism for operating it, the guide lifting and lowering the selvage chord as maybe required to produce the desired effect. The operating mechanism for this new guide need not include extra gears, earns, or other driving devices, but may be connected to be driven either by the pull-over mechanism or by the mechanism which moves the tuft yarn carriers above the warp shed, these mechanisms being regularly employed in the loom and opcrating once each cycle at the proper instant.

For a better understanding of this invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings in which:-

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan View of a section of fabric woven according to this invention, the yarns being spaced apart to show the weave.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the fabric shown in Figure ltaken on the line 22, Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a side view of the fabric shown in Figure 1 taken from the line 3-3, Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is a side view of the fabric shown in Figure 1 taken on the line 4--4, Fig. 1.

Figure 5 is a side view partly in section of a wide loom equipped for weaving a fabric with a new selvage, standard parts of the loom being illustrated conventionally.

Figure 6 is a sectional view through the loom shown in Figure 5with parts omitted and showing the mechanism for controlling the selvage chord;

Figure '7 is a side view partly insection of a narrow fabricloom in which a different form of mechanism is used to control the'selvage chord;

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. '7 but showing the pull over mechanism; and v Fig. 9 is a plan view of the transfer mechanism of the loom.

As illustrated, the new selvage is embodied in a fabric of the Axminster type in which there are three shots of weft to each row of pile tufts, all of these shots lying at different levels. While this fabric is used for purposes of illustration, it

is to be understood that the invention may be,

applied to other fabrics in which there may be more than three shots of weft and these shots may lie in any number of levels.

I As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the fabric is formed with three sets of warp, two sets of which are stuffer warps 10 and 11 and extend through the fabric in substantially straight lines while the third set, the binder warp 13, is woven up and down, over the upper weft shots and under the lower weft shots. The first of the weft shots is inserted below the stuffer warps but above the binder warp, and the secondshot is inserted between the stuffer warps 10 and 11 and above the v binderwarp 13, the pile tufts 14 being looped about this shot. The third shot is inserted above the stuffer warps but below the binder warp, and the cycle. is then repeated. As illustrated in Figures 1, 3 and4, the selvage chord 15 extends alongthe edge of the fabric between the levels of the first 45 and second weft shots and is held in place by the weft yarn at 16, as it passes from the last shot of one cycle to the first shot of the next cycle, and at 17 where it passes from the first shot of the cycle to the second shot of the cycle. At the point where the weft yarn passes from the second shot to the third shot, it isnot looped around the selvage chord. Accordingly, in this weave, there are two shots of weft lying above the level of the selvage chord and one shot below and the 553" weft yarn passes around the selvage chord twice for the three shots. The chord is held tightly in the fabric and lies substantially straight.

By tightening the weft yarns and the selvage chord, the selvage chord may be drawn in closely under the face yarn of the fabric, and a tight, narrow selvage may be produced. As the-selvage chord 15 lies in a substantially straight line, the tighteningof the Weft yarn cannot cause it to be pulled up and down at the edge of the fabric but instead pulls it in tightly under the edge of the fabric and the face yarns 14, when spread, cover it and hide it from view. Tension on the selvage 'chord only makes the selvage tighter and narrower and has no tendency to draw out the weft yarns as the chord is'already straight and does not pull against the weft yarns.

The new selvage may be conveniently woven upon an ordinary wide fabricjloomg20, as illustrated in'Fig. 5, by equipping the loom with a purpose of operating the transfer mechanism, the

usual wide fabric loom has a cam 23 mounted on the main cam shaft 24 of the loom, and a cam follower 25 pivotally mounted in the bracket 26 upon the frame of the loom. The member 21 may be connected to be operated by the follower 25 by suspending member 21 from one arm of the bell crank lever 26pivoted upon the frame of the loom and having its other arm connected by an adjustable link 2'7, to a lever 28 also pivoted on the frame. The lever 28 contacts at the end opposits that at which it is pivoted with one arm of a bell crank lever 29 mounted on a bracket 30 on the frame and having its other arm connected by an adjustable link 31 tothe cam follower 25. A spring 32 connected at one end to a lug or guide block 33 upon the frame and at the other end to a block 34 secured to link 2'7 tends to move the link 27 to lift the member 21 and hold the follower 25 against the cam 23. The selvage chord is fed to the eye 22in the member 21 through the usual guiding and tension devices.

The remainder of the transfer mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 9, in which it will be seen that the bell crank 29 passes throughan opening in and thereby actuates a pull rod 54 connected to one end of a lever 55. Actuating rods 56 and 57 are attached to the lever on opposite sides, of its pivot and each rod is connected to one of the transfer arms 58. Each arm is pivotally mounted on an arm 59 fast on a shaft supported for oscillation in suitable bearings. Each of the arms 58, 59 carries a clutch member 61.

In the operation of the loom, the shaft 60 rocked by appropriate means to move the clutches into alignment with a tube frame on the trans-p in Figure '7, in which the selvage chord guiding member 41 is operated from the pull-over mechanism ordinarily present in such a loom. A pullover mechanism of the standard type is illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawings and it includes a cam 42 onthe main cam shaft 43 of the loom and a lever 44 having a roller 45 running in the cam track. The lever 44 is connected by an adjustable link 46 to one arm of a bell crank lever 4'7 journalled in a bracket 48 on the loom frame.

The second arm of lever 47 which operates the pull-over mechanism is also used to operate the guiding member for the selvage chord. For this purpose, the second arm of the bell crank lever 4'7 is connected by a link 48 to a lever 49 pivoted upon the frame and having an arm 50 from which'the member 41 is suspended. The link 48' slotted as at 51 and a pin 52 on the arm of the bell crank lever enters the slot, the pin 52 being held against one end of the slot by a spring 53. This arrangement provides a resilient driving connection for the member 41.

The second arm of bell crank 47 carries a pin 62 to which actuating rods 63 and 64 are connected. These rods are also connected, respectively, to arms 65 and 66 mounted loosely on shaft 6'? which carries sprocket wheels for the chains on which'the tube frames 68 are carried. Each arm carries a pawl 69 pivoted thereon and held either in operative or inoperative position by a spring '70. Each pawl cooperates, when in operative position, with a ratchet wheel on shaft 6'7.

When the bell-crank 47 is actuated in one direction, it causes the arms 65 to be rocked on shaft 6'? so that the pawl on one or the other of the arms engages with a tooth on its ratchet wheel. When the bell-crank moves in the opposite direction, it causes the operative pawl to turn its ratchet wheel and shaft 67 an amount sufficient to advance a tube frame into position to be picked up by the transfer mechanism. The two arms 65 and 66 operate in opposite directions and are used alternatively so that the shaft 67 may be rotated in either direction as may be desired.

With either of the constructions described, an ordinary loom may with relatively small changes be used to weave a selvage according to my new method and will produce a tight, even selvage which may be completely hidden beneath the edge of the face yarn.

What I claim is:

1. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics, including tube frames for inserting tuft yarns into the fabric, the combination of a transfer mechanism for removing the tube frames from their chains and lowering them to the fabric, and a mechanism for producing a selvage edge comprising means for supplying a selvage chord along the edge of the warp threads, and means for raising and lowering the chord independent of the means which control the warp shed, said raising and lowering means being actuated from the transfer mechanism.

2. In a loom for weaving fabrics, including tube frames mounted in transporting chains, the combination of a pull-over mechanism driven from the main cam shaft of the loom, and a mechanism for producing a selvage edge comprising means for supplying a selvage chord along the edge of the shed, means for raising and lowering the chord independent of the means which control the warp shed, and means actuated from a part of the pull-over mechanism for actuating said raising and lowering means.

3. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics, the combination with pile yarn supply mechanism including tube frames, transporting means therefor, transfer means for moving said tube frames between the chains and Weaving point, and means actuated by the main cam shaft of the loom for driving said mechanism, of a mechanism for producing a selvage edge comprising means for supplying a selvage chord along the edge of the shed, means for raising and lowering the chord independent of the means which control the warp shed, and means driven by 1e actuating means for a part of the pile yarn supply mechanism for actuating said raising and lowering means.

4. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics, the combination with tuft yarn carriers, pull-over mechanism for advancing said carriers successively into operating position, and means driven from the main cam shaft of the loom for driving the pullover mechanism, of means for producing a selvage edge comprising means for supplying a selvage chord along the edge of the shed, a guide member through which the chord passes, and means driven by the driving means for the pullover mechanism of the loom and moving said guide, said means raising and lowering said guide member once for each cycle of loom operations.

5. In a pile fabric loom, the combination with pile yarn supply means including tube frames, transporting chains therefor, pull-over mechanism for advancing said chains, transfer mechanism for moving said frames between the chains and the weaving point, and driving means for said pile yarn supply means, of a mechanism for producing a selvage edge comprising means for supplying a selvage chord along the edge of the shed, a guide member through which the chord passes, and means driven by the driving means for said pile yarn supply means of the loom and moving said guide means to raise and lower said guide member once for each insertion of pile yarn.

6. In a tuft pile fabric loom, the combination with pile yarn supplying means and means driven from the main cam shaft of the loom for actuating said supplying means, of a mechanism for producing a selvage edge comprising means for supplying a selvage chord along the edge of the shed, a guide member comprising a bar having an eye through which the chord passes, and means driven by said actuating means and moving said guide means to raise and lower said guide member once for each insertion of pile yarn.

7. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics, including carriers for tuft yarn and means for advancing the carriers successively into supplying position, the combination of a mechanism for producing a selvage edge comprising means for supplying a selvage chord along the edge of the warp threads, a guide member having an eye through which the chord passes, means for manipulating the warp threads to produce successive sheds, and means independent of the shed producing mechanism and actuated by said advancing means for raising and lowering said guide member.

8. A method of weaving a selvage upon a fabric which contains stuifer warp threads in at least two levels and weft shots in at least three levels, which comprises supplying a selvage chord different from the warp threads and lying at 130 one side of the warp threads, forming sheds of the warp threads and inserting a continuous Weft thread to constitute shots lying in different levels, and manipulating the selvage chord during the formation of the sheds to cause it to be 135 straight and undistorted in the finished fabric by lowering it below all shots which are to be in a level above that of the chord in the finished fabric and raising it above the shots which are to be in alevel below that of the chord in the 0 finished fabric, the inserting of the continuous weft in the successive sheds formed by the warp threads and the chord causing the weft to loop around the chord only in passing from a shot at one side of the level of the chord to a shot at the 145 other side of the level of the chord.

WILLIAM B. GREAVES.

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