US1977428A - Cupola - Google Patents

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Publication number
US1977428A
US1977428A US678743A US67874333A US1977428A US 1977428 A US1977428 A US 1977428A US 678743 A US678743 A US 678743A US 67874333 A US67874333 A US 67874333A US 1977428 A US1977428 A US 1977428A
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cupola
charge
particulate
molten metal
metal
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US678743A
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Cromwell Robert Hewitt
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/08—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
    • Y10S266/90—Metal melting furnaces, e.g. cupola type

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  • the present invention relates to cupolas and more particularly to a novel and improved cupola. for producing alloys as well as to a novel and improved method of alloying metals in a cupola. 5 Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part hereinafter and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims. X
  • the invention consists in the novel parts, construction, arrangements, combinations and improvenients herein shown and described.v
  • the present invention has for its object the provision of a novel and improved cupola or furnace for producing. alloys in which the alloying material is introduced-during the-operation of the cupola. Another object is the provision of a novel and improved means for introducing parvio it to combine with the molten metal. Still another object is the provision of an improved method of producing alloys, and in particular ferrous alloys, by introducing particulate alloying matelrial, and'especially molybdenum compounds and salts, into a cupola or furnace near the base thereof.
  • a cupola is charged in the usual manner with coke, limestone, and steel or iron, or such other materials as may be necessary to produce the desired alloy. .
  • the cupola has been ignited and the charg has been thoroughly heated -so that the metal in the charge nis dropping and ⁇ forming a slag-covered pool at the bottom or crucible of the cupola, and vwhile the tuyres are blowing heated air upwardly1 through the charge
  • a quantity of particulate alloying material of the correct amount to produce the desired alloy is introduced into the cupola near its base, preferably abovethe surface of the molten metal and slag thereon and at or below the level of the tuyres.
  • this introduction of the particulate I alloying material is eilected by blowing the mate- 'rial downwardly towards the' surface od the ticulate alloying material into a cupola to cause molten metal,' with the alloying material suspended in the blast of air.
  • the mixture of the lalloying material with the molten metal is also aided by the masses of molten material from the charge dropping into the pool of molten metal at the bottom of the cupola.
  • additional alloying material is introduced into the base of the cupola in suilicient quantity to produce the desired alloy from the new metal, .or the alloying material may be fed in the blast of air more or less continuously, the rate of feed depending on the rate of smelting, and these rates being correlated to produce an alloy of the desired composition.
  • 'Ihe method of the present invention is particularly useful in connection with the alloying of molybdenum with iron, using calcium molybdate as the source of the molybdenum, and practically none of the relatively light calcium molybdate is lost inasmuch as any of the calcium molybdate which is undeduced by or combined with the molten iron in the crucible of the cupola is carried upwardly through the burning charge in the tuyre zone until it combines with the melting metal, travelling downward towards the bottom of the furnace.
  • the method of the present invention is particuuarly advantageous inasmuch as it insures better mixing of the alloy due to the fact that the alloy- .85 ing material isi added while the molten metal is extremely hot, the alloying material is added directly to the molten metal, and thereis no chanceV for the alloying material to sinter or oat on the surface without being dissolved in the molten metal, inasmuch as the surface is continuously being agitated and disturbed by the falling drops of molten metal from the charge.
  • the cupola 1 is provided with the usual charging door 2 through -which the charge may be -introduced into the relatively high and narrow interior of the cupola.
  • the cupola is provided with the usual pouring spout 3 for the molten'metal. and considerably above this is located the slag spout 4.
  • the tuyres 6 Above the slag spout are provided the tuyres 6 through which heated air may be blown during the operation to increase the heat of the charge.
  • means are provided'for introducing particulate alloying material at or below the level of the tuyres, and these means preferably comprise means for blowing the particulate material suspended in the blast of air directly through the lower portion of charge, towards and against the 5 surface of the molten'metal.
  • a hopper 'l is provided into which is placed the required amount of particulate alloy'ing material, such as calcium molybdate or particulate ferrochrome.
  • the lower portion of hopper 7 is conical and communicates with a pipe 8 leading into a Y 9 which is also connected with an air supply 10 to form an injector.
  • the outlet side of the in- ⁇ iector communicates with a pipe 11 which is downwardly inclined towards the cupola and pro- 15 jects through the lining thereof and into the interior of the cupola, terminating at a point which is at 'or below the level of the tuyres 6.
  • a pipe 12 is also preferably provided forming an extension of the pipe 11, and is provided at its outer end with a plug which may be removed for cleaning the Y 9 or pipe 11.
  • the particulate alloy ⁇ material is introduced into the hopper 7, and after the melting l of the charge in the cupola 1 is well under way, the air blast is started supplying air through pipe 10, withdrawing the particulate alloying material from hopper '7 and forcing it against the surface of the molten metal while suspended in the air blast, and this introduction of the a'lloying material may be repeated after each new charge is added to the cupola, or may be more or less continuous as explained above.
  • f 35 When using the present invention, very little of y the alloying material is lost as it has been where the alloying material/has been added to the cupola as' a part of the charge..
  • the resulting alloy is more uniform than where the alloying material is added to the charge in a fine state, or as briquettes which disintegrate, as with the old ⁇ wane the invention has been desribed with' particular reference to cupolas, this term is to as blast furnaces.
  • WhatIclaimis: v 1 A method of producing molybdenum iron alloys which includes charging the cupola with fuel and ferrous material, burningthe charge to melt the iron', blowing air through the burning charge and introducing a particulate molybdenum salt into the cupola near the bottom of the charge and above the mass of molten metal in4 the cupola to reduce and alloy the melting and molten iron with molybdenum.
  • a method of producing molybdenum liron alloys which includes charging the cupola with fuel and ferrous material, burning the chargeto melt the iron,l blowing 'air through the burning charge and blowing a particulate molybdenum salt into" the cupola near the bottom of the charge and above the mass of molten metal in the cupola to reduce and alloy ythe melting and molten iron with molybdenum.
  • a method of producing molybdenum iron alloys which includes charging the cupola with fuel and ferrous material, burning the charge to melt the iron, blowing air through the burning charge and blowingva particulate molybdenum salt into the cupola at or below the level of the tuyresand above the mass of molten metal in the upola to reduce and alloy the melting and molten iron with molybdenum.
  • An apparatus for producing alloys including in combination a cupola adapted to receive a charge of metal and combustible material and having tuyres and a crucible at the bottom of the cupola and means for introducing particulate alloying material at a point between the tuyres and the surface of the molten metal in the crucible.
  • An/apparatus for producmg alloys including in combination a cupola adapted to receive a charge of metal and combustible material and having tuyres and a crucible Yat the bottom of the cupola and an injector having its outlet positioned between the tuyres and the surface of the molten metal in the crucible for introducing the alloying material into the cupola and blowing it onto the surface of the molten the charge is burning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

Oct. 16, 1934. R H @RQMWELL 1,977,428`
CUPOLF` Filed July 3, 1955 AIR.
ATTO RN EY Patented st. 166, 1934 iPirrlawr .OFFICE Robert Hewitt Cromwell, Maplewood, N.
Application July a, 193s, serial No. 618,743
` s olaims, (c1. '1s-45) l,
The present invention relates to cupolas and more particularly to a novel and improved cupola. for producing alloys as well as to a novel and improved method of alloying metals in a cupola. 5 Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part hereinafter and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims. X
The invention consists in the novel parts, construction, arrangements, combinations and improvenients herein shown and described.v
The accompanying drawing, referred to herein and constituting a part hereof, illustrates one embodiment of the invention, and together with the descriptionserves to explain the principles of the invention. g' The single ligure of the drawing is a side elef vation partly in section and largely diagrammatic of a cupola constructedin accordance with the present invention.
The present invention has for its object the provision of a novel and improved cupola or furnace for producing. alloys in which the alloying material is introduced-during the-operation of the cupola. Another object is the provision of a novel and improved means for introducing parvio it to combine with the molten metal. Still another obiect is the provision of an improved method of producing alloys, and in particular ferrous alloys, by introducing particulate alloying matelrial, and'especially molybdenum compounds and salts, into a cupola or furnace near the base thereof.
In carrying out the methodof the present invention, a cupola is charged in the usual manner with coke, limestone, and steel or iron, or such other materials as may be necessary to produce the desired alloy. .After the cupola has been ignited and the charg has been thoroughly heated -so that the metal in the charge nis dropping and `forming a slag-covered pool at the bottom or crucible of the cupola, and vwhile the tuyres are blowing heated air upwardly1 through the charge, a quantity of particulate alloying material of the correct amount to produce the desired alloy is introduced into the cupola near its base, preferably abovethe surface of the molten metal and slag thereon and at or below the level of the tuyres. Preferably, this introduction of the particulate I alloying material is eilected by blowing the mate- 'rial downwardly towards the' surface od the ticulate alloying material into a cupola to cause molten metal,' with the alloying material suspended in the blast of air. The mixture of the lalloying material with the molten metal is also aided by the masses of molten material from the charge dropping into the pool of molten metal at the bottom of the cupola.
As additional metal is charged to the furnace and is melted, additional alloying material is introduced into the base of the cupola in suilicient quantity to produce the desired alloy from the new metal, .or the alloying material may be fed in the blast of air more or less continuously, the rate of feed depending on the rate of smelting, and these rates being correlated to produce an alloy of the desired composition.
'Ihe method of the present invention is particularly useful in connection with the alloying of molybdenum with iron, using calcium molybdate as the source of the molybdenum, and practically none of the relatively light calcium molybdate is lost inasmuch as any of the calcium molybdate which is notreduced by or combined with the molten iron in the crucible of the cupola is carried upwardly through the burning charge in the tuyre zone until it combines with the melting metal, travelling downward towards the bottom of the furnace.
The method of the present invention is particuuarly advantageous inasmuch as it insures better mixing of the alloy due to the fact that the alloy- .85 ing material isi added while the molten metal is extremely hot, the alloying material is added directly to the molten metal, and thereis no chanceV for the alloying material to sinter or oat on the surface without being dissolved in the molten metal, inasmuch as the surface is continuously being agitated and disturbed by the falling drops of molten metal from the charge.
Referring now in detail to the illustrative embodiment of the apparatus forming part of the /present invention, and as shown in the accompanying drawing, the cupola 1 is provided with the usual charging door 2 through -which the charge may be -introduced into the relatively high and narrow interior of the cupola. At the bottom or the crucible zone,vthe cupola is provided with the usual pouring spout 3 for the molten'metal. and considerably above this is located the slag spout 4.- Above the slag spout are provided the tuyres 6 through which heated air may be blown during the operation to increase the heat of the charge. v
accordance with the present invention, means are provided'for introducing particulate alloying material at or below the level of the tuyres, and these means preferably comprise means for blowing the particulate material suspended in the blast of air directly through the lower portion of charge, towards and against the 5 surface of the molten'metal. As embdied, a hopper 'l is provided into which is placed the required amount of particulate alloy'ing material, such as calcium molybdate or particulate ferrochrome. The lower portion of hopper 7 is conical and communicates with a pipe 8 leading into a Y 9 which is also connected with an air supply 10 to form an injector. The outlet side of the in- \iector communicates with a pipe 11 which is downwardly inclined towards the cupola and pro- 15 jects through the lining thereof and into the interior of the cupola, terminating at a point which is at 'or below the level of the tuyres 6. A pipe 12 is also preferably provided forming an extension of the pipe 11, and is provided at its outer end with a plug which may be removed for cleaning the Y 9 or pipe 11.
In carrying out the 'method of the invention with the embodiment of the apparatus just described, the particulate alloy`material is introduced into the hopper 7, and after the melting l of the charge in the cupola 1 is well under way, the air blast is started supplying air through pipe 10, withdrawing the particulate alloying material from hopper '7 and forcing it against the surface of the molten metal while suspended in the air blast, and this introduction of the a'lloying material may be repeated after each new charge is added to the cupola, or may be more or less continuous as explained above. f 35 When using the present invention, very little of y the alloying material is lost as it has been where the alloying material/has been added to the cupola as' a part of the charge.. Also the resulting alloy is more uniform than where the alloying material is added to the charge in a fine state, or as briquettes which disintegrate, as with the old` wane the invention has been desribed with' particular reference to cupolas, this term is to as blast furnaces.
be construed as including similar furnaces, such- The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific mechanisms and steps shown and described but departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the`accompanying claims without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.
WhatIclaimis: v 1. A method of producing molybdenum iron alloys which includes charging the cupola with fuel and ferrous material, burningthe charge to melt the iron', blowing air through the burning charge and introducing a particulate molybdenum salt into the cupola near the bottom of the charge and above the mass of molten metal in4 the cupola to reduce and alloy the melting and molten iron with molybdenum.
2. A method of producing molybdenum liron alloys which includes charging the cupola with fuel and ferrous material, burning the chargeto melt the iron,l blowing 'air through the burning charge and blowing a particulate molybdenum salt into" the cupola near the bottom of the charge and above the mass of molten metal in the cupola to reduce and alloy ythe melting and molten iron with molybdenum.
3. A method of producing molybdenum iron alloys which includes charging the cupola with fuel and ferrous material, burning the charge to melt the iron, blowing air through the burning charge and blowingva particulate molybdenum salt into the cupola at or below the level of the tuyresand above the mass of molten metal in the upola to reduce and alloy the melting and molten iron with molybdenum.
4. An apparatus for producing alloys including in combination a cupola adapted to receive a charge of metal and combustible material and having tuyres and a crucible at the bottom of the cupola and means for introducing particulate alloying material at a point between the tuyres and the surface of the molten metal in the crucible. f
5. An/apparatus for producmg alloys including in combination a cupola adapted to receive a charge of metal and combustible material and having tuyres and a crucible Yat the bottom of the cupola and an injector having its outlet positioned between the tuyres and the surface of the molten metal in the crucible for introducing the alloying material into the cupola and blowing it onto the surface of the molten the charge is burning.
ROBERT H.
metal while
US678743A 1933-07-03 1933-07-03 Cupola Expired - Lifetime US1977428A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3199975A (en) * 1962-10-30 1965-08-10 Chemetron Corp Desulfurization of iron
US3418108A (en) * 1965-12-17 1968-12-24 Ind Science Corp Externally fired cupola furnace and method of operation thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3199975A (en) * 1962-10-30 1965-08-10 Chemetron Corp Desulfurization of iron
US3418108A (en) * 1965-12-17 1968-12-24 Ind Science Corp Externally fired cupola furnace and method of operation thereof

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