US1975432A - Carburetor - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 2, 1934. J. P|AT 1,975,432

CARBURETOR Filed May 24, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 A vewZr 5 Me a Marie P4225 WAZZZr-Qy J. M. PIAT CARBURETOR Oct. 2, 1934.

Filed May 24, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 0 w MM INVENTOR.

JEAN MARIE Pmr. ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 2, 1934- res Parser j Price Application May 24, 1933, Serial No. 672,714

7 In France May 31, 1932 8 Claims. (01. 261- 41) comprises a part of larger diameter d forming My invention relates to carburetors for automobile engines and the like and it hasfor its object to provide a carburetor wherein the fuel is perfectly atomized for any adjustment of the throttle valve. Another'object of my invention is to dispense with the so-called low-running jets which are generally necessary in the known carburetors. Furthermore my invention has also for its object to permit of adjusting at will the section of the jet which regulates the fuel feed. The carburetor according to my invention is provided with a plurality of nozzles which communicate with a mixing chamber, one of said nozzles being axial, and the throttle means are in the form of a sliding piston bell provided with bores registeringwith said nozzles in such a manher that at slow running the axial nozzles work as a fuel nozzle proper, the other nozzles admitting air into the mixing chamber, and that at high speeds all the nozzles work as fuel nozzles feeding an emulsion of air and fuel'from the mixing chamber into the suction pipe.

In the annexed drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical and longitudinal section of the whole of the carburetor, the movable parts of which are shown in the position of rest corresponding to the stoppage of the motor.

Fig. 2 is a vertical transversal section on line II--II of Fig. 1, and drawn to a'larger scale.

Fig. 3 is a view from the underside of the piston bell.

Fig. 4 is a view in vertical section of the pistonbell at the position of partial rising.

Fig. 5 is an end view of the carburetor showing the air inlet.

The carburetor comprises a cylindrical constant level tank 1 for the fuel which is fed through the cover 5 of known construction and comprising a needle valve and float etc. (Fig. 1). The bottom 1 is inclined in order to permit the complete emptying by the orifice closed by a screw stopper 3 and also to permit of easily cleaning the carburetor. as it will be explained. The tank 1 is in a single casting with a lateral appendix or nose 2 of which the lower face is inclined and prolongs the bottom 1 while the 'upper face 2 is flat and parallel with the level N. N. As shown in Fig; 1 the'nose 2 is provided through all its length with a cylindrical hole parallel to its lower inclined face in order to cause communication of thebase of the tank with the extremity of 'the nose 2. In this hole there i's'inserted a tube 6 the lower screw threaded end of which projects into the interior of the tank and receives a'nut 7, while the upperextremity passing the nose 2 an annular cavityopening upwardly. Part 6 is provided with an ear 6 serving as a support to the axis of articulation 240i a regulatable abutv ment 25 for one of the ends-of a flexibletrans-z missionsuch as 26 having its cable 27 wound on a barrel 28 covering th upper extremity of tube 6 and inserted in the annular cavity of the cylin-.

drical part 6% Tube 6 is bored downwardly along a'certa'in" length to receive a plug 8 the wall of which comprises at a point of its length a crownhaving five orifices ab-'c-o'r-c constituting-sunk jets possessing difierent and progressivefsections. starting from the orifice a as shown'in the sec-U tionillus'trated in Fig. 2. The situation of this crown of jets is in concordance with a single hole 9 formed in the-wall of tube 6 and oriented to coincide with the lower orifice of a vertical conduit 10 formed in the interior of the nose 2 so as to cause the interior of the plug 8 to communicate by means of one of the jets with a mixing chamber 11 arranged in the thickness of the nose 2. This chamber '11 is horizontal and parallel with level N. N. above which it is situated. The upper wall of the said chamber is traversed by three holes arranged in line and bored to receive three nozzles 12, 13, 14 allowing the chamber to communicate with the exterior. Nozzles 13, 14 are identical and are each formed by a simple tube open at both ends of which the lower one communicates with chamber ll'while the upper one the orifice of which is widened out leads into a blind bore of a piston bell 16 serving as a throttle valve; The middle nozzle 12is also 'a tube but is closed at both ends the wall of of tank 1 and maintained in position bya pin 39 integral with the nose 2 (Fig. 1). The fastening of the cover on the tank and of the cylinder on the face 2 of nose 2 is obtained by the pressure of a nut 40 screwed onto'the screw-threaded 1 end of pin -39.- The lower part of the axial rod 15 comprises two holes 17 and Pl nt-different sections and formed in diametrically opposite points in the wall corresponding to the upper bore of smaller diameter 15 and anotch'18 formedon the lower edge of rod 15. The lower extremity of the bell 16 comprises a transverse channel 19 starting from the housing orifice of the lower part of rod 15 and extending just to the outer edge of bell 16.

Fig. 3 clearly shows this notch 18 and channel 19 as well as the entrance of the three bores 15 16 16 which cap the three nozzles 12, 13 and 14. In .liiigs. 2 and 4 there is illustrated an inclined conduit 20 pierced at the base of bell 16 in order to cause bore 15 to communicate with the widened outlet of conduit 19 when rod 15 is turned in such a way that hole 17 is inconcordance with the commencement of said conduit 20, and so that the hole 17 diametrically opposite coincides with a hole 16 formed transversely for this purpose in the bell-16.

As shown in Fig. 3, notch 18 extends angularly for a considerable angle. Hole lW-is also elongated as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. It follows that, when rod 15 is turned within bell 16, Batch ;1-8.and-hole.17 register with groove 19 and conv.duit flO 'rcspectivelyduring apart of the rotation,

-whilstonthe contrary hole 17, which iscircuylar,.registers ,with-holelG only at a position. z'lhispermits. of adjusting the degree .ofsuction .acting-on nozzle 12,;as it will be explained.

-'-'1.he actuationof. b l 1.6. s ect d-i th n w manner by a square 35, 36 articulated on an az zis 3-7 integraluwith cylinder:5 Arr n 36 is connected .bya .31.1316 or (red to an actuating lever arranged Arm 35 em .braces a pin ;38 fixed to the bell 16 and movable ina .slide. formed in the wall of cylinder 5 'z' ihe plug 8..which comprises the. sun k nozzles .a, b, c,,d ,,e is pf a suitable length so that its upperend 8 ,sufijciently passesthe upper exby the summit of the annular member 28 so that t :rnay th .fix d 1 b a pi Screwed n uppen-end-fi Therextremities of this pin overlapand are:housed.in two recesses '28 of mem- -.ber 28 onthe 'bottom of which these extremitiesofathepin a appli owi th p s n ,of .aspring plate 29 articulated on a boss of member 28 in order that the free end provided --.With aybutton -29 can be -brought above the end 3 of V plug .8 .and exercises a strong pressure. on this latt r :ihprd t ma in th c wn of .IIQZZlGSqjILCOIlQQI'dflDCG withhole :9. This methodof mounting the plug 8 8 allows-its rapid remova fe til insp cti n c hes nk ozzl and aitsyequa ly ap r p a em :I w s .eaeilygraspedfrom Fig. 1 thatthe removal f -plug 8;:8 .an d of screw stopper :3 permits of easily and completely cleaningthe carburetor, which is amatter of importance.

-In ;Fig. 2, :21 designates a tube adapted to 1b.e..connected withthe suction pipe of the rnotor and situated in a plane perpendicular to .thatof. the longitudinalaxis .On WhiChthe section .shown in llig. .1 is made. :The entrance ofthis .tube 21 is placed in .correspondence with the .wide end outlet of the channel 19 of vthe bell 216 .and with the outlet of the inclined conduit 2.0. -It.is.diametricallyppposite-to an opening 33 .yvhich formed in'the wall of the fixed cyline and consti ute h ai inle h section of vhichis adjusted by .means of a sliding valve 34 (.'Eig. 2). This valve may be pivoted at 34 as shown in 'Fig. or guided in any suitable manne The .mixingchamber 11 (Fig. 2) is in com- ;munication with ;the atmosphereby the conduit 3101a tubeclosed at theendand providedlaterally with a calibrated orifice 31 the section of which is entirely or partially uncovered by a ring 32 provided with an orifice 32. The angular displacement of this ring consequently permits a precise regulation of the admission of air to the chamber 11.

The operation is as follows:

'IniFig. 1 the bell 16 rests on the upper face 2 of. the nose 2.and prevents any communication of the motor with the exterior. This is the position of complete repose corresponding with the stoppage of the motor. To effect starting the driver operates the governing handle of the square 85, 36 governing the bell 16; this first operationcauses a slight ascent of the bell in order that its lower face arrives at the level of the lower part of-the internal diameter of the tube 21, that is to say, at the position shown in Eig. 2 -where the suction of the motor takes place through the channel 19 and notch 18 and through the conduit 20and orifice 17, passinto the bores 15*. lfi andin the interval separating the bottom of the bell lfi from the. face 2 .of the nose '2. It follows. that, this suction actsv simultaneously on the air admission 333 and. on the orifices .12 througlrwhich it enters-.to iollowthe channel 1-2 traversing the orifices 12 and passinginto the mixing chamber 11 then acting on the. air inlet31 on conduit 10 and .holeS toefiecta suction of .the fuel through. the siuik-jetrvhichi has been put in concordance. Jay thev conductor having efiected the necessary... displacements of the plug ;8; by the transmission governing means '26.

Itcanbe understood that-the sucked fueliis atomized in the chamberll and forms with the air sucked in at the sametimethrough the orifice 31 an initial emulsion mixture which is fed through the orifices ;l;2 -into the'gbores .15 15 wherein is produced an; energetic stirring and a new .mixture of emulsion with secondary air passing through the opening 3-3 below the valve 34 and passing into thefirstbore-15 annularly to the ajutage 12. This gaseous-mixture issucked on the one hand through the conduit 19 and on the other hand;through--the,cohduit 20 andorifi s ndpa s ns t0 themo i finalmixture is very richin'fuel sincethe quantity of air i n a sma q ropo i n. h po iti n s wn in Fig. 2 corresponds then to the starting of the .mote ar alsotoslow unn n It will be observed that the degree of suctien acting on nozzle 12- is easilyadjustable by rotating rod 15 as above explained, since this rotation more or less closes the eutl-etof conduit IGWvvhich connects bore l5 with the exterior,

It will also-be understood that, owing tothe circular shape insection of-pipe ;21 as opposed tothe flat base of be ll'lfi,thespacesituated beneath the base of'bell 16 is not under suction. Thus thelateral-bores 16 and 16 (Fig.1) of bell 16 are practically under atmospheric pressure. S n t rr ix lr s chamb is nd s c ma current of air circulatesdownwardly-from-bores 16 andle intothe mixing chamber. Thisobviates the lmowndisadvantage of having too rich a mixture at low openings ofthe throttle means.

When the driver desires to increase speedhe again actuates the lever 35.36 inagradual mannerinordergtocause aprogressive rising-of the bell .16 which uncovers littleby little the :three nozzles-1-2,-l3; 14 but the suction can. only acton the middle-one 1.4 and consequently in the mixing chamber '11 and on the sunk 'jet-whiqh-isin eoncordance with'the conduit 10 aslongas 'the ozzles13, 14 are ,not sufiiciently uncovered ztoallow volume of secondary air will increase.

passage to the suction; it results that'the orifices 12 will feed alone during a portion of the rising movement of the bell 16' and that the gaseous mixture will retain a' certain richness 'in fuel until the proportion of air increases from the fact of the increase of the sizes of'the air inlet which is functional with the degree of elevation of bell 16. When bell 16 is sufficiently high, the space beneath its base is also under depression. It follows that the outlets of nozzles 13 and 14 within bores 16 and 16 are also submitted to suction. This causes an upwardly current of fluid through said nozzles. There is thus pro duced a second suction of emulsion of air and fuel in the chamber 11 at the same time that the Consequently for a given calibration of the embedded jet (for example the smallest jet' a) one will obtain a very varied range of proportions of fuel and air by the sole factof changes in position of the bell 16, but if the conductor operates the transmission 26 to turn the plug '8 through a suitable angle so as to present the jet bto the conduit the feed of the fuel will increase in proportion with the difference of feed between the said jets a and b. It can be understood that there will be again progressive increased the proportion of fuel by again'turning the plug 8 so as to successively place the sunk jets c, d, and c, in concordance with the conduit 10. The carburetor according to the invention has consequently the advantage of allowing the conductor to adjust the gaseous mixture fed to the motor to the speed or power required by acting judiciously on the bell 16 on the one hand and on the plug 8 on the other hand and without having often to cause the intervention of the change speed gear.

For starting the motor for low speed and for slow running the feedvof the smallest jet orifice a is generally suiiicient for admitting a small quantity of supplementary air which the driver regulates as required by raising more or less the bell 16. For medium speeds the conductor brings into use the jet 1) orthe jet 0 as may be required.

' For high speeds the jets d or e are utilized.

The fraction of rotation given to plug 8 may be less than the interval separating two jets in order to present before the hole 9 solid portion of the plug and prevent all feed of fuel without having to stop the vehicle when for instance it is travelling along a long descent of which the incline is sufficient to insure its running. This economizes the use of fuel during travelling over all important descents found in a journey.

For the purpose of facilitating that the conductor may exactly place the rotary plug 8 at the positions corresponding with the various sunk jets and the obtention of principal positions to be given to bell 16 to regulate the speeds of the vehicle the two transmissions respectively governing plug 8 and the bell 16 may be actuated by a lever or other member provided with an index in cooperation with a dial sector which comprises suitable letters and indications.

It is evident that the number of sunk jets housed in the plug 8 aswell as their respective sections and also the number of nozzles issuing into the chamber 11 can vary according to the types and powers of the motors.

It is to be remarked that in the drawings and the preceding description the level N. N. of the fuel in the tank 1 is specified below the chamber 11 since the said chamber constitutes the chamber for the emulsion of fuel and air in which is produced a suction either exclusively by the middle tube 12 or simultaneously by the three tubes 12, 13, 14. But it is possible to'raise the level of the fuel in the tank above the said chamber ll in order that the latter will be constantly filled and that thelower orifices of the three tubes 12, 13, 14 are sunk in the fuel to directly suck the latter; in this latter case the atomization of the fuel is produced at the outlet of these tubes in mixture with air when the bell 16 is sufiiciently raised.

'An advantage of my carburetor is that it insures a perfect atomization of the fuel. In this respect, it will be observed that, owing to the closed lower end of nozzle 12, no drop of liquid may be projected directly from conduit 10 into the axial hole l2 of said nozzle.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:--

1. In a carburetor, a constant level fuel tank; a mixing chamber situated above the fuel level in said tank; a connection between said tank and said chamber; a calibrated jet in said connection; a calibrated air inlet'in said mixing chamber; a plurality of nozzle tubes communicating with said mixing chamber; a piston bell having in its base a plurality of blind bores of which one is an axial bore, said bores being adapted to accommodate said nozzle tubes; a fixed "cylinder in which said piston bell is slidable; means to effect the sliding movement of said piston bell whereby said bores can be brought over said nozzle tubes to a greater or less extent; a suction pipe of substantially circular cross-section arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis ofsaid fixed cylinder, said suction pipe being adapted to be closed by said piston bell; an air inlet in said fixed cylinder opposite t'o'the entrance of said suction pipe; said piston bell having its axial bore in lateral communication with said air inlet through a radial hole and with said suction pipe through an inclined hole leading to the bell-mouthed end of a groove formed transversely .on the base of said piston bell after a notch communicating with the base of said axial bore.

2. In a carburetor, a constant level fuel tank; a'mixing chamber-situated above the fuel level in said tank; a connection between said tank and said chamber; a calibrated jet in said connection; a calibrated air inlet in said mixing chamber; a plurality of nozzle tubes communicating with said mixing chamber; a piston bell having in its base a plurality of blind bores of which one is an axial bore, said bores being adapted to accommodate said nozzle tubes; a rod in said axial bore, said rod being angularly adjustable in position with respect to said piston bell, said rod M being provided with an axial blind bore adapted to accommodate one of said nozzle tubes; a fixed cylinder in which said piston bell is slidable; means to effect the sliding movement of said piston bell whereby said bores can be brought over J said nozzle tubes to a greater or less extent; a suction pipe of substantially circular cross-section arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis of said fixed cylinder, said suction pipe being adapted to be closed by said piston bell; an air inlet in said fixed cylinder opposite to the entrance of said suction pipe; said piston bell having its axial bore in lateral communication with said air inlet through a radial hole and with said suction pipe through an inclined hole leading to rod being provided with lateral holes and with a notch adapted to register with the radial hole, the inclined hole and'the groove of said piston bell whereby the section of passage from the radial hole of said piston bell to the axial bore of said rod may be adjusted by angularly adjusting said rod in said piston bell.

3. A carburetor as claimed in claim 1, com.- prising an adjustable air inlet valve adapted to control the admission of air into the mixing chamber. i

4. A carburetor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle adapted to enter the axial bore of the piston bell is closed at both ends and iszprovided at both ends with lateral holes.

5. In a carburetor, a constant level fuel tank; an inclined hole communicating, with said tank; a rotatable tubular plug fitting in said hole; submerged callbrated jets arranged in ring-formation in the wall of said plug; a mixing chamber situated above the fuel level in said tank; a conduit adapted to feed fuel into said mixing chamher, said conduit having its inlet in said inclined hole and so as to-correspond withone of said submerged calibrated jets, whereby by turning said plug the jet in operation may be varied and the fuel feed adjusted; means to retain said plug in axial position; means to control the angular position of said plug; a calibrated airinletin said mixing chamber; aplurality of nozzle tubes communicating with said mixing chamber; a piston bell having in its base a plurality of blind bores of which one is an axial bore, said bores being adapted to accommodate said nozzle tubes; a fixed cylinder in which said piston bell is slidable; means to effect the sliding movement of said piston bell whereby said bores can be brought over said nozzle tubes to a greater or less extent; asuction pipe of substantially circular crosssection arranged. substantially perpendicular to the axis of said fixed cylinder, said suction pipe being adapted to be closed by said piston bell; an air inlet in said fixed cylinder opposite to the entrance of said suction pipe; said piston bell having its axial bore in lateral communication with said air inlet through a radial hole and with said suction pipethrough an inclined hole leading to .the bell-mouthed end of a groove formed transversely on the base of said pistonbell after a notch communicating with the base of said axial bore.

6; A carburetor as claimed in claim 5; wherein the bottom of the constantlevel fuel tank is inclined so as to correspond to the slope of the tubular plug, ascrew stopper being providedat the lowermost portion of said; tank for emptying and for cleaning purposes. I Y

L-In a' carburetor a constant level fuel tank; an inclined hole communicating with said tank; a fixed tube fitted in said hole; a rotatable tubular .plug fitting in said-tube; submerged calibrated jets-arranged in ring formation in the wall of said plug; a hole in said tube, said hole being adapted to successively register with said jets during therotation of said plug; a mixing chamber situated above the fuel level in said tank; a conduit adapted to feed fuel into said mixing chamber, said conduit communicating with said hole, whereby the rotation of said plug permits to' adjust the fuel feed; means to retain said plug in axial position means to control the angular position of saidplug; a calibrated air inletin said mixing chamber; a plurality of nozzle tubescommunicating with said mixing chamber; a piston bell having in its base a plm'ality of blind bores of which oneis an axial bore, said bores being adapted to, accommodate said nozzle tubes; a fixed cylinder in which said piston bell is slidable; means to effect the' sliding movement of said piston bell, whereby said bores can be brought over said nozzle tubes, to a greater or less extent; a suctionpipe of substantially circular cross-section arranged substantially per: pendicular to the axis of said fixed cylinder, said suction pipe being adapted to be closed by said piston bell; an air inletin'said fixedcylinder opposite to the entrance of said suction pipe; said piston bell having its axial bore in lateral communication with said air inlet through a radial holeand'with said suctiorr'pipe through airinclined hole leading to. the bell-mouthed end of a groove formed transversely on the base of said piston, bell after a notch communicating with the base of said axial bore. z I

I 8. A carburetor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the means to retain the plug in axial position comprises a pressure spring acting on the upper end of the same; Y r 1 JEAN'MARIE PIAT.

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