US197387A - Improvement in telephones or speaking-telegraphs - Google Patents
Improvement in telephones or speaking-telegraphs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US197387A US197387A US197387DA US197387A US 197387 A US197387 A US 197387A US 197387D A US197387D A US 197387DA US 197387 A US197387 A US 197387A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- core
- telephones
- magnet
- improvement
- electro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
Definitions
- My invention relates to the improvement of the electro-magnets of telephones; and has for its object the production of an instrument which will transmit articulate sounds to any distance, as well as the obtaining of hereinafter-specified qualities. It is a well-known and accepted law that the speed with which the core of an electro-magnet magnetizes and demagnetizes, or loses and regains its magnetism, depends upon the mass of the core. If the mass be great the speed is slow, and if the mass be small the speed is more rapid. Now, in the electro-magnets heretofore constructed for telephones it has been foimd that onlyvery small and short iron cores would lose and regain their magnetism witha rapidity sufficient to clearly transmit articulate soimds. Such telephonic electro-magnet cores have always been made solid-i. e., in one piece.
- the sounds produced are scarcelyaudible even at a short distance, and entirely inaudible at a long distance, because the necessarily small electro-magnet is too weak to vibrate an armature large enough and thick enough to produce large amplitude of SOlllld waves 5 also, because the current produced in the wire around the core is too feeble to travel any great distance or to attract a thick vibrating armature at the receivin g-station.
- the vibrating armature at each end of the line being necessarily so thin, is readily affected by the earths magnetism, thus produc ing a constant hissing sound, which very materially detracts from the proper transmission of the sound-waves from the vibrating armature to the tympanmn of the observer, and hence renders the instrinnent defective.
- I can, by increasing the size of the electro-magnet, increase its attractive power, and lessen, or at least not increase, the time required in losing and regaining its magnetism; consequently, I can increase the size and thickness of the vibratin g armature, both, indeed, ad libitum.
- the result of this quality is that I can obtain a louder and better articulation at the receiving-station, or, by leaving the armature unchanged, effect a vastly higher degree of sensitivene'ss, so that even whispers may be reproduced on a long circuit.
- By making the vibrating armature very large and thick any sound which will vibrate it at the sending-station will be reproduced at the receiving-station.
- the armature can be made of such dimensions that it will be ordinarily unafiected by the earths magnetism, and produce sounds distinct enough to be clearly heard at a distance from the instrument thus dispensing with the present signaling-instrument, required to call attention.
Description
J. J. MQTIGHE. Telephone or-Speaking-Telegraph.
No. 197,387. Patented Nov 20,1877.
llllllllillll UNITED STATES PATENT Orrron JAMES J. MCTIGHE, OF ALPSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.
IMPROVEMENT lN-TELEPHONES OR SPEAKlNG-TELEGRAPHS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 197,387, dated November 20, 1877 application filed September 12, 1877;
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, Jnrms J. MCTIGHE, of Alpsville, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Telephones; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification, in which-- 7 Figure 1 shows the operative devices of a telephone with my improvements. Fig. 2 is an end View of my telephonic electro-magnet. Figs. 3 and 4 show how the core of wires or pieces may be elongated without increasing the mass.
My invention relates to the improvement of the electro-magnets of telephones; and has for its object the production of an instrument which will transmit articulate sounds to any distance, as well as the obtaining of hereinafter-specified qualities. It is a well-known and accepted law that the speed with which the core of an electro-magnet magnetizes and demagnetizes, or loses and regains its magnetism, depends upon the mass of the core. If the mass be great the speed is slow, and if the mass be small the speed is more rapid. Now, in the electro-magnets heretofore constructed for telephones it has been foimd that onlyvery small and short iron cores would lose and regain their magnetism witha rapidity sufficient to clearly transmit articulate soimds. Such telephonic electro-magnet cores have always been made solid-i. e., in one piece.
From this limitation in the size of the core arisesa limit to the usefulness of the telephone, clearly developed in the following inconveniences:
First, the sounds produced are scarcelyaudible even at a short distance, and entirely inaudible at a long distance, because the necessarily small electro-magnet is too weak to vibrate an armature large enough and thick enough to produce large amplitude of SOlllld waves 5 also, because the current produced in the wire around the core is too feeble to travel any great distance or to attract a thick vibrating armature at the receivin g-station.
Second, conversely of the above, in order to transmit the voice at all, articulation must be firm,clear, and loud, and hence secrecy and privacy are to a great extent impossible.
Third, the vibrating armature at each end of the line, being necessarily so thin, is readily affected by the earths magnetism, thus produc ing a constant hissing sound, which very materially detracts from the proper transmission of the sound-waves from the vibrating armature to the tympanmn of the observer, and hence renders the instrinnent defective.
Now, all these troubles are caused by the supposed necessity of using a small core. That necessity was actual under the circumstances namely, having a solid core. I propose to solve all the foregoing difficulties by my invention, which consists in constructing the telephonic eleotro-magnet core, instead of in one solid piece,in two or more separatepieces, held together in any suitable manner, and surrounding these with the coil. In this manner I can use a duplex, triplex, or multiplex core, which, according to the laws of electromagnetism or magneto-electricity, loses and regains its magnetism in the same time and with the same rapidity in and with which each of its constituent parts does. Consequently, while there is no practical limit to the sizes of core which can be used, their periods of magnetization and demagnetizationwill remain the same, notwithstanding the increase in size. If, now, I diminish the size of the constituent parts of the core, I diminish the time of acquiring and losing magnetism, which gives me facility for transmitting .and receiving the most delicate shades of articulation. Further, Icanlengthen the component parts of the core, and make them thinner, thus preserving the same mass, and consequentlythe same period, of magnetization and demagnetization; hence, I can give the electro-magnet any degree of power attainable without destroying the telephonic character of the apparatus.
From these combined qualities, the following chief advantages are derived: I can, by increasing the size of the electro-magnet, increase its attractive power, and lessen, or at least not increase, the time required in losing and regaining its magnetism; consequently, I can increase the size and thickness of the vibratin g armature, both, indeed, ad libitum. The result of this quality is that I can obtain a louder and better articulation at the receiving-station, or, by leaving the armature unchanged, effect a vastly higher degree of sensitivene'ss, so that even whispers may be reproduced on a long circuit. By making the vibrating armature very large and thick, any sound which will vibrate it at the sending-station will be reproduced at the receiving-station. Being able, then, to construct and use a large and powerful electro-magnet and a corresponding armature, I hold that the armature can be made of such dimensions that it will be ordinarily unafiected by the earths magnetism, and produce sounds distinct enough to be clearly heard at a distance from the instrument thus dispensing with the present signaling-instrument, required to call attention.
With the increase in size and power of the electro-magnet, it vis possible to use a much more powerful magnet, and so to produce a current which will travel any distance.
Having the multiplex core to construct, it is obvious that it may be accomplished in many ways. It may consist of a bundle of wires or rods, or a box'of iron-filings, or of iron finely In a telephone, the combination, with thevibrating armature and magnet, of an electromagnet whose core consists of two or more separate pieces, substantially as described.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 10th day of September, 1877.
JAMES J. MCTIGHE.
Witnesses:
. THos. J. MCTIGHE,
G. J. LIGHTENHELD.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US197387A true US197387A (en) | 1877-11-20 |
Family
ID=2266793
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US197387D Expired - Lifetime US197387A (en) | Improvement in telephones or speaking-telegraphs |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US197387A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2682021A (en) * | 1949-12-16 | 1954-06-22 | Gustaf W Elmen | Shredded magnetic core and method of making same |
-
0
- US US197387D patent/US197387A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2682021A (en) * | 1949-12-16 | 1954-06-22 | Gustaf W Elmen | Shredded magnetic core and method of making same |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US197387A (en) | Improvement in telephones or speaking-telegraphs | |
US900392A (en) | Sound recording and reproducing instrument. | |
US1559158A (en) | Sound-emitting device | |
US1854025A (en) | Method and apparatus for generating and detecting impulses | |
US1967335A (en) | Electrical pick-up | |
US1523262A (en) | Sound-producing apparatus or electromagnetic receiving or emitting device | |
US560403A (en) | Telephone-receiver | |
US1698407A (en) | Sound reproducer | |
US1228639A (en) | Sound-producing device. | |
US198406A (en) | Improvement in telephones or speaking-telegraphs | |
US2255840A (en) | Communicating device and system | |
US1180462A (en) | Telephone-receiver. | |
US1697659A (en) | Radioreceiver | |
USRE8248E (en) | Improvement in speaking-telephones | |
US1535527A (en) | Vibratory system | |
US683953A (en) | Telephone-transformer. | |
US1688674A (en) | Receiver | |
US1046714A (en) | Telegraphy. | |
US687997A (en) | Telephone-receiver. | |
US303809A (en) | Telephone | |
US1137235A (en) | Telephone-receiver. | |
USRE16197E (en) | delany | |
US1962304A (en) | Electromagnetic translating device | |
US358939A (en) | palmer | |
US400325A (en) | ginochio |