US1971587A - Dishwashing machine - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 28, 1934. E, s. STODDARD r A]. 1,971,587

DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed April 11. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Q Iva/611315115.- .E'Zlgar 6 Stoddard- LSR (Jbizn Piekanski- Aug. 28, 1934.

E. S. 'STODDARD ET AL DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed A ril 11, 1929 4 Sheets-Shet 2 JOQ Aug. 28, 1934. Q E SITQDDARD r AL I 1,971,587

DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed'April 11, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 InUaniFns; E'Zigar 5 Stoddard. JZvhn Piekarskz Aug. 28, 1934. s. STODDARD ET AL DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed April 11, 1929 4- Sheets-Sheet 4 JnUenZa'Ts I Edgar 5. Stoddard \757171 Rka v Patented Aug. 28, 1934.

' UNITED STATES DISHWASHING MACHINE Edgar S. Stoddard, Berwyn, and John Piekarski, Chicago, Ill., assignors to The Conover Com- Dany, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Ap ication April 11, 1929, Serial No. 354,209

, 17 Claims. (Cl; 141 -9) This invention relates to improvements in dishwashing machines, and it more particularly relates to improved rack arrangements for holding the dishes and similar objects to bewashed in the interior of the machine. I

An object of this invention is to provide an improved rack arrangement which is adapted to position all the dishes, saucers, cups, glasses, silverware, etc. in the interior of the washing chamber so as to obtain'an economical utilization of .the space within such washing chamber.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved rack arrangement which is adaptedto position all the articles td'be cleansed and rinsed so that all surfaces thereof will be efiectively exposed to the cleansing and rinsing liquids when the machine is in operation.

A further object of this invention is to provide an improved rack arrangement which will be cleansed and rinsed at the same time as the articles which it contains.

A still further object of this invention is to,

- provide an improved rack arrangement for dishyvashing machines of the spray-projection type.- 5 Other objects will appear during the vcourse of the following specification.

Figurel represents a side sectional view of the washingmachine and the racks in position;

, Figures 2 and 3 represent a top view of. the

30 lower and upper rack structures respectively on the lines 2-2 and 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 represents a sectional side view on the line-4-4 of Figures 2 and 3;

' Figures 5, 6 and 7 represent sectional radial 35 views of portions of the upper and lower rack structures on the lines 5-5,. 6-6, and'7--7, of Figs. 2 and 3; I

Figures 8 and 9. represent side sectional and top views of' the'silverware container; and

Figures 10 and 11.represent top and side sectional views of the internal dish guard.

t In Figure 1 the washing machine is composed ofavertical cylindrical tank 11 which is provided with a "cover 1 2.- The tank is provided with an apron 13 to which are attached three symrhetrically positioned rollers 14 so that the washing machinecan be readily moved from place to place. The tank is provided with two strengthening ribs 15 and 16, the former being adjacent tothe top and the latter adjacent to the bottom thereof, and the apron is provided with one 18. The tank is also provided with a centrally draining bottom 17 which; may take the shape of an inverted trunj'cated cone. .To the lowest portion of 'the centrally 55 draining bottomjs attached a pump well chamber 20 in which is positioned a centrifugal pump'22. The cleansing and rinsing liquids are adapted to -be admitted to the 'tank'by the adjustable swing- "ing conduit and measuring tank 26. In the lowest centralportion of the tankis positioned the impeller which is driven by the motor 36.

The motor is suspended from the tank'by means of the well casting 20. Thelid 12 is provided .moved from the machine in Figure 2 with the upper rack removed. Figure 4 is a different side view of the lower rack than that shown in Figure 1. The lower rack is provided with four different sized ,and shaped dish -holder portions, three of'these being adapted to hold the dishes substantially parallel to a radius and the other being adapted to hold the dish or dishes substan-- tially perpendicular to a radius. Sections of the smallest size holders are shown on Figure 4, oi. the-next larger on Figure 6 and of the largest on Figure '4. An additional section adaptedto contain the deep dishes is shown on Figure 5. The lower rack is adapted to hold the larger plates and dishes, and also knives, forks and spoons, during the cleansing operation. It is preferably supported on the bottom of the tank by a number of legs 45, and it also may be supported on the dish guard. It will be noted that in the embodiment of the invention shown, the lower legs are so positioned that they will rest upon the lower dished conical bottom of the tank 11 near the jointure of the bottom with the walls of the tank. The legs 45 also are adapted to support the rack when it is outside the tank so as to prevent any of the downwardly projecting portions of the dishes from being chipped and otherwise marred.

The rack is centered or otherwise located within the tank by means of the horizontal projections 44 which project outwardly from the bottom of the rack structure. there are three of these symmetrically positioned,

7 but the number may be varied. The lower rack contains a special perforated'sheet metal holder 46 (see Figures 1, 2, 8 and 9) which is divided into two compartments by means of the wall 4'7.

The holder is so constructed and positioned that the knives, forks and spoons contained therein will receive the full effect of the cleansing spray. It will be noted that the holder is rectangular in shape and-that it is adapted to be positioned with its long dimension parallel top. radius. 7 The compartments are of such widthas to maintain the. knives, forks; spoons and similar objects in In the present embodiment vertical position and prevent them from lying over on their sides. Thetop edges 50 of the walls are rolled or. bent over tofmake a neat finish. The angular location of the silverware container is guided by the parallel, and substantially radial wires 53 and 54. It is located radially by the wires 65 and 72 (see Figures 1, 2 and 5). The

holder 46 is supported in the U-framework formed by the'horiz'ontal wires 57, 69 and 70 and the vertical wires attached thereto. The silverware holder 46 may also be made of hard rubber or other molded and pressed materials.

A series of vertical wire dish holders or partitions are arranged in the lower rack. These upwardly extending'partitions are adapted to provide for the variously. sized and shaped dishes, saucers, and plates. The deeper vessels are positioned in the upper rack structure which will be subsequently described. One set of these wire holders for the largest dishes extends between the inner arcuate wire and the intermediate arcuate wire 66 (see Figures 2 and 4) The wire holders between the arcuate wires 65 and 66 form pockets which are adapted to hold the dishes with their concave faces substantially vertical and tangent to the mean circumference of the water impeller 35 in a direction opposite to its rotation. The wire holders are so formed as to position the dishes in such a manner that the tangential line on which they are set will intersect the tangentially' projected water. The projected water,

, which is in the form of a spray during the operation of the machine, may be considered as being initiated from themiddle of the spoon-shaped projector at the top of the impeller. The other sets of holders for the medium, small and deep dishes extend between the intermediate concentric wire 67 and the outer concentric wire 68 (see Fig-- ures 1, 2, 4 and 6), the intermediate concentric wire 69 and the outer concentric wire 70 (see Figure-4) and the upper intermediate arcuate wire 71 and the upper outer arcuate wire 72 (see Figure 5) These last mentioned holders are adapted to hold the deeper dishes faced inwardly against the outwardly hurled spray.

These sections are located circumferentially as follows, (see Figure 2) designating each section by the numbers of its inner and outer arcuate wire segments, each of which are adapted to hold different sized plates or dishes. The section'65- 66 extending from the radial wire 54 to the radial wire 73, is adapted to hold the plates of large diameter, the section 67-68 from the radial wire 73 to the radial wire 74, the section 69-70 from the radial wire 74to the radial wire 75 and finally the section 71-72 from the radial wire 75 to the radial wire 53. The space between the radial wires 53 and 54 is normally occupied by the silverware rack 46. The section 65-66 is provided withan intermediate concentric arcuate wire 76 (see Figures 2 and 4) which'is adapted to form an inner support for the bottom edge of the dish. The con-.

centric arcuate wire 66 is adapted to form an outer support for the bottom edge of the dish.

The largest relatively fiat dishes are adapted to be positioned in the section 65-66 adjacent to the section 53-54 in the direction of rotation of the impeller. In this section (see Figures 2 and 4) the concentric arcuate wires 76 and 66 form lower supports for the dishes. The sides of the holders in section 65-66 are formed by the vertical wires 80 (see Figures 2 and 4), the outwardly and downwardly sloping offset wires 81 forming a continuation of the wires 80, and the loops 82. The outer end of the wire 81 is attached to the top of the loop 82, the lower ends of the loops are attached to the arcuate wire 66, and the lower ends of the upstanding wires 80 are attached to the ring 65. The wires 80 and 81 and the loops 82 are of such a height so that the dishes may be readily loaded and unloaded by taking hold of them above the wires. These heightsare also regulated to cause the dishes to stand at the proper vertical angle so as to permit the free flow of cleansing fluid against all their surfaces. The partitions 80-81-82 are so constructed and spaced that the high points 86 are adapted to contact with the concave face of the dish, preferably in the inner upper quadrant of the flattened bottom thereof. The dish is also usually supported on its convex side by some intermediate portion of the inner vertical wire 80 or the sloping wire 81 of the next succeeding partition (that is the next partition in the direction of rotation) and on its concave side at its point of contact .with the outer arcuate wire 66 against the loop 82 of the first mentioned partition. The dishes are so positioned in this manner that their inner peripheries will be spaced sufiiciently apart to permit ingress of substantial quantities of cleansing fluid directly from the impeller. The loops 82 are provided to make the space between the outer portions of the partitions substantially equal to, or slightly wider than, the spaces between their inner portions in the embodiment shown. The wires 76 and 66 support and serve to determine the vertical, horizontal and radial location of the dishes with reference to thewater distributing means. The angular spaces between the separating wires 80-81-82 and between their points of attachment to the arcuate wires 65 and 66, in the embodiment shown, are approximately the same throughout. The space, however, tends to become narrower as the separating wires 80-81-82 approach the point of distribution of the cleansing fluids. To properly regulate the operating angular space between the separating wires 80-81-82, the inside and outside vertical wires 80 and 82 may be looped or otherwise curved. In the embodiment shown, the inner wire is looped but part of one leg is omitted and this leg is bent upwardly to form the wire 81.

Adjacent to the section for large dishes, in the direction of impeller rotation, is the section 67-68 adapted to hold the dishes of intermediate diameters (seeFigures 1, 2, 4 and 6). This section difiers from the section for large dishes by having the concentric arcuate wires 67 and 68 lower than the corresponding arcuate wires 66 and 76. and at a greater radial distance from the cleansing fluid distributor. The separating wire tion areof materially less height than the wires of similar function 80 and 82 in the section 65-66.

In the section 69-70 adapted to hold the smallest dishes are positioned a set of wires 95, 96 and 97 similar to the wires 83-84-85 in section 67-68. The vertical portions of these wires 95 and 96 (see Figures 2 and 4) are attached to the concentric arcuate wire portions 69 and 70 at their lower ends and they are connected at'their upper ends by the downwardly and outwardly sloping wires 97. The wires 83-84-85 and 95- -96-97 are shaped and proportioned on the same basis as thatused for shaping and proportioning the wires 80-81-82 previously described.

The supporting wires 66-76 and 67-68 and 69-70 are so positioned that the larger plates of gradated sizes will be positioned higher with relation to the impeller than the smaller plates. The outer concentric arcuate wire segments 66, 68 and 70 may be raised above or lowered below the arcuate inner wires 76, 67 and 69 respectively,

where it is desired to change the'position-of the I centers of the dishes with reference to the center so angularly spaced that a single deep dish may be placed in the section 7172 and satisfactorily supported on the wires 101 and 102. The inner lower edge'of the deep dish in this section of the rack will rest against'either the inner vertical portions 104 and 105 of the U-wires 101 and 102 or against the concentric arcuate wire 69, depending upon the depth, and diameter of the dish. The back of thedeep dish will rest against the outer vertical portions 106 and 107 of the U-wires 101 and 102 and/or the wire 72. The lower rack inthe embodiment shown is adapted to support 6 dinner, soup or service plates of 9 to 10" diameter in the section 66, 8 salad plates of 7-8 diameter in sections 67 -68, and 8 tea saucers or bread and butter plates, or sauce dishes, of 5"-6" diameter in section 69-70, and one deep vegetable or similar dish in section 71-72.

The upper inner wire 65, the upper intermediate wires 76 and 71, the lower intermediate wires 67 and 69, the outer upper wire 66,"the outer lower wires 68 and 70, and the outermost upper wire 72 (listing them in the order of their outward distance). are concentric with the center 40 of the lower rack which also is adapted to coincide with the center. of the machine. The concentric arcuate wires 68 and 70 are adjacent to the bottom of/the rack, arcuate wire segment 68 being on a slightly higher level than the arcuate wire segment 70. The wire 72 is above and to the outside of all the other wires. The arcuate wire 67 is slightly above, and slightly to the inside of, the arcuate wire 69. Wires 65, 76, 71 and 66 are all about on the. same plane, somewhat below the plane of wire 72 and above the planes .of the other wires. The concentric wires -7666, 6768 and 69-70are utilized in 'pairs to support the bottoms of the dishes in sections 65.'66, 67-68 and 69 -40 respectively. The pair 69-70 is the lowest; the pair 67-68 is higher than, and at the same radial distance as, the pair 69-70; and the pair 76'66 is the highest and at a shorter radial distance than the other pairs in the embodiment shown. The concentric arcuate wire 70 extends through the entire rack, the arcuate wire 69 extends through the sections 53-54, 71-72 and 69-70, the arcuate wire 65 through the sections 53-54 and 65-66, the arcuate wires 76 and 66 only through the section 65 66'and the arcuate wires 67 and 68 1 only through the section 67----68.

The upper" rack structure is shown in position in the machine in Figure .1 and is shown removed from the machine upon Figures 3, 4' and 7.

-It consists of two concentric sections, the inner upper rack being pivotally attached to the inner wire of the-outer upper rack. The upper rack is designed to hold about 8 glasses, cups or other similar deep vessels in the embodiment, shown. v The innerand outer upper rack shown in Fig- 'ures 1, .3, 4 and 7 each consists of a series of radial and concentric wires which are welded together or otherwise attached toform a fragmentary upwardly pointing conical section. The inner upper rack is formed of a continuous wire loop 126 which is of fragmentary annular shape,

its inner and outer edges being concentric and its end edges being radial; a series of radial loops provided. with vertical portions 127,128, 129, which are attached to the rear wire 140 of the wire loop 126 and horizontal upwardly sloping. portions 130, 131 and 132 which are attached upwardly to the inner concentric wire 133; and the intermediate concentric wire 134 which is attached to the bottoms of the radial wires 1 30, 131 and 132 and to the sides of the end wires 135 of the loop 126. The outer concentric wire 140 of the loop 126 is provided with two outwardly projecting wires 136 and 137 which act as stops and serve to support the inner upper rack on the outer upper rack. The inner upper rack is. pivotally attached to the outer-upper rackby the loops 138 and 139 which are attached to the inner concentric wire of the outer upper rack. The radial wires 130, 131 and 132 and the concentric wires 133 and 134 form anupwardly pointing frustro-conical section which forms a bottom for the" cups, glasses or deep vessels which are supported face downward toward the impeller. To

the outer edge of the upwardly pointing conical section is attached a cylindrical section formed by the upwardly turned parts 127, 128 and'129 of the loops. The vertical portions of the loops are extended above the concentric arcuate wire 140 a sufficient distance to support effectually the taller type of glass-ware adjacent to their upturned bottoms. The conical bottom formed by the connected radial wires and the concentric arcuate wires is inclined to the horizontal at a sufficient angle to admit the cleansing streams to strike the center of inner bottoms of the upturned vessels and provide'proper drainage for the water from the outside upturned bottoms. This angle is about 5 to 20, usually about 10 for the particular impeller and embodiment shown.

section which is formed by a series of concentric wires 150, 151;and 152 upon the tops of which are welded or otherwise attcahed the radial wires 153. Attached to the outside of this conical section is an outwardly curved portion which is formed by the outwardly curved portions 158 of the radial wires 153, being welded or otherwise attached to the top concentric wires 154 and 155. The radial wires 153 terminate in the loops 156 which are attached to the wire 155. To the wire 150 are attached the small loops upon which the inner upper rack is pivoted. The inner conical section of the outer upper rack extends from the innermost wire 150 to the bends 157 in the radial wires 153 whilethe outwardly curved section extends between the bends 157 and the loops 156.

The-central conical section of the outer upper rack which is formed by the concentric wires 150,

portion formed by means of the concentric wires 154 and 155 is adap'tedto support the sides of the cups, glasses, orother'deep dishes in proper position for washing'and draining, and prevents them from overturning. The outer upper rack is supported from the lower rack by the wires 165. The radial wires 153 in the embodiment shown are symmetrically positioned and spaced v3/64 and 7/64 inch in thickness.

on the wires 150, 151, 152, 154 and 155 so that average sized tumblers will be supported in all cases by two of the radial wires in the outwardly curved section between the bends 157 and the loops 156 and will rest upon two radial wires in the inner conical section between the bends 157 and the wire 150. The radial wires in the inner upper rack are similarly positioned and spaced. The inner upper rackis adapted to be suspended from the bottom of the outer upper rack below the inner edge of the outer upper, rack, but not suffl ciently below to prevent the\water spray projected by the impeller from effectually contacting with the articles on the outer portion of the upper rack.

The rack structures may be made from stainless alloy or they may be coated with glass or other enamels 'to prevent them from rusting and from marking or marring the dishes. They may also be coated with non-corrodible metallic protective coatings or with various organic protectives. The preferable organic coatings are resinous products. The most preferable organic coating is rubber. When rubber is utilized as a coating, it is preferably applied in a uniform layer which may vary in thickness in different sections of the rack. It should be attached to the wires so that there is substantially no relative movement between the coating and the base wire. The rubber should be sufllciently flexible. to prevent chipping of either the dish or the coating. It should be sufficiently hardened so that the dish -may be easily removed from the properly spaced coated wires so that it will not soften excessively with hot water. The thickness of the rubber coating is preferably not more than 15/64" and not less than 1/64 of an inch in thickness. A very satisfactory coating is one that is between The coatings are most desirably continuous over all parts which are contacted with, or serveto support, the dishes and objects to be cleansed and are preferably colored light gray or white so as to give them a sanitary appearance.

The rack arrangements dr the present application constitute a modification of the rack arrangements shown and described in the copending applications Serial No. 271,681 and 293,197,

filed April 21, 1928, and July 16, 1928, respectively,

and they are especially adapted for use in washing machines shown and described in application Serial No. 344,112 filed March 5, 1929. The racks, in the embodiment shown, are roundedso as to fit in a cylindrical tank, but they may also be made square or-polygonalin shape so as to fit in tanks of other shapes.

The inner dish guard 270 is in the machine in combination with the racks in Figure 1 and in top and side sectional view, removed from the machine, in Figures 10 and 11. The guard 270 serves as a protective cage for the impeller. The guard is formed of a series of concentric wire rings 277 and -278 which are welded to the vertical and horizontal portions of the radial wires 271 at yarious elevations. The wires 271 terminate in part at, and are welded to, the innermost wire ,ring 278 which isabove the impeller shaft. The protective cage will prevent the articles being cleansed and the hands from coming in contact with the turning-impeller under normal circumstances. The upper part of the cage is left open as indicated at 275 so that ready access will be had to the grease cup 327 without removing the guard. The upper two concentric rings 277 and the rings 278 are spaced on the shown in position additional vertical wires, are added to provide the maximumprotection against the passage of relatively small articles into the guard or impeller without materially diminishing the speed of the returning cleansing liquids to the impeller. The wires 271 are so shaped at the bottomas to snap into the outwardly projecting .bead 248, which holds the guard rigidly in position and properly spaces it from the impeller and the vertical walls of the chamber 41. These lower two wires 277 and the vertical portions of the wires 271 tend to prevent any articles, which may have been misplaced in' the dish and silver racks and fallen to the bottom of the tank during the washing operation, from contacting with the rapidly rotating impeller.

What is claimed is:

1. In a rack'for a dishwashing machine, a series of concentric arcuate-wires at different heights forming supports for the lower edges of the dishes and a series of upstanding wires extending upwardly from said concentric arcuate wires and forming supports for the sides of the dishes, the upper ends of said upstanding wires attached to the inner arcuate wires and the upper ends of the corresponding upstanding wires attached to the outer arcuate wires being connected by downwardly and outwardly sloping wires.

2. In a rack for a dishwashing machine, a series of substantially vertical holders for positioning the dishes, the bottoms of said holders being formed by a series of horizontal wires and the sides of said holders being formed by a series of vertical wires, the planes of said holders passing inwardly toward and slightly to one side of the center of the rack, and the holders for the larger dishes being at a greater elevation than the holders for the smaller dishes.

3. In a rack structure for a dishwashing machine, a lower annular rack with a central open space, a series of gradated dish holders positioned around said open space, and an upper rack adjacent and partly covering the lower rack, and being positioned over the smaller holders of the lower rack.

4. In a rack for a dishwashing machine, an arcuate rack structure composed of wires adapted to support deep vessels face downwardly and consisting of an inner section and an outer section; the inner section being supported upon the outer sectionand being pivotally, attached thereto so that it may swing upwardly to inoperative position and downwardly to operative position, its

motion in both directions being stopped by the."

difierent gradations, said pairs being adapted to support the bottom edges of the dishes.

6. In a. dish rack of the type described, arcuate outer wire segments arranged in circular formation about the center of said dish rack, a series of inner wire arcuate segments substantiallyconcentric to said outer wire segments and arranged at progressively increasing distances from the center of said rack and transverse wire partitions between said outer wire segments and said inner wire segments forming a series of dishholders of progressively decreasing size.

'7. In a dish rack of the type described, a series of substantially concentric inner arcuate wire segments of progressively increasing diameter, outer arcuate wires substantially concentric to said inner wires, said outer wires being of substantially the same diameter, wire partitions between said outer wires and said inner segments forming a series of dish holders of progressively decreasing size, and means between the largest dish holders and the smallest dish holders for supporting a silver holder. w

8. In adish rack of the type described, a. series of substantially concentric inner arcuate wire segments of progressively increasing diameter, outer arcuate wire segments substantially concentric to said inner wire segments and wire partitions between said outer segments and said inner segments forming a series of dish holders, said partitions being transverse to the radii of said arcuate segments.

9. In a dish rack of the type described, substantially concentric arcuate outer wires, a series ofarcuate wire, an inner arcuate wire, and partitions between said arcuate wires formingdish holders, each of said partitions comprising an upstanding wire attached to said inner wire, a wire loop having its legs attached to said outer wire and extending upwardly therefrom, saidupstanding wire being substantially higher than said loop and having an overturned portion slanting downwardly and secured to the top of said loop.

11. In a dish rack of the type described, a lower rack comprising arcuate outer wire segments adjacent the outer portion of said rack and arranged 12. Ina dish rack of the type described, a lower rack comprising arcuate outer wires adjacent the outer portion of said rack and arranged in substantially circular formation thereabout, a

series of arcuate inner wire segments substantially concentric to said outer wires and of progressively increasing diameter and distance from v the center of said rack, and wire partitions between said outer wires and said segments forming .said outer wire and said inner wire, said partitions comprising a relatively short vertical leg attached to the outer wire, a relatively long vertical leg attached to the inner wire, and a slanting wire connecting said legs.

14. In a dish rack of the type described, an arcuate inner wire, an arcuate outer wire substantially concentri with said inner wire, said,

wires constituting rests for the edges of dishes positioned in said rack, and wire partitions extending inwardly of said rack between said inner and outer arcuate wires, said partitions comprising a relatively long upstanding wire connected to the inner wire, a relatively short upstanding wire connected to the outer wire, and a downwardly sloping wire joining the tops of said upstanding wires.

15. In a dish rack of the type described, a series of substantially concentric arcuate outer wires ofprogressively lower elevation, positioned adjacent the outer portion or the rack, arcuate inner Wires corresponding to said outer wires, said arcuate inner wires being progressively greater in diameter and substantially concentric with said outer wires, and wire partitions between said arcuate outer wires and the corresponding arcuate inner wires forming a series of dish holders of progressively decreasing size and lower elevation.

16..In a dish rack of the type described, a series of substantially concentric arcuate outer wires of progressively lower elevation positioned adjacent the outer portion of the rack, arcuate inner wires corresponding to said outer wires, said arcuate irmer wires being progressively greater in diameter and substantially concentric with said outer wires, wire partitions between said outer wires and the corresponding inner wires forming a series of dish holders of progressively decreasing size and lower elevation, and means between the largest and the smallest of said dish holders for supporting a deep dish. v

17. man upper dish rack of the type positioned above a lower dish rack in a dishwashing machine, an arcuate outer section, an arcuate inner section, said inner section-being supported upon theouter section and being pivotally attached thereto so that it may swing upwardly to inoperative position and. downwardly to operative position, and stops on said outer section for limiting the upward and downward movement of said inner section. I

EDGAR S. STODDARD.

JOHN PIEKARSKI.

Images