US1960252A - Base for coating, cementing, molding, and the like compositions - Google Patents

Description

"int-16 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE L BASE FOR COATING, CEMEN TING, MOLDING AND THE LIKE COMPOSITIONS John Mano, Flushing, N. Y., assignor to'Hoanoler Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application January 6, 1930,

Serial No. 418,994

15 Claims.

This invention relates to bases for various types of coating and other compositions such as varnish, paint and particularly, anti-fouling paint compositions, cement compositions, sealing com- 5 pounds, covering compositions in the form of sheets, molding compositions, and the like, as will be more fully pointed out hereinafter.

My invention contemplates the provision of such a base as is comparatively elastic, waterproof, ti-corrosive, acid-fume resisting, and anti-flmhmh when mixed with other materials, can be spread out as a paint or protective coating, or formed into sheets for flooring, wall or roof coverings, which can be used as 16 a water-proof cement or sealing compound, or in electrical insulation compounds, or which can be molded to produce various molded articles.

In carrying out my invention, I prefer to use an intimate mixture of certain ingredients in- 20 eluding certain gums, and resins extracted from such gums. To the gums and resins may be added a great variety of inert and/or other materials depending upon the use to which the final product is to be "put. The ingredients may be 26 subjected to various processes, as will be more fully explained hereinafterfto attain the desired intimate mixture.

I have found that a certain gum is especially fitted for use in my base, since it contains resins 30 and a coagulation product in the nature of rubher in the proper proportions and properly associated for my purpose. I prefer to use this gum as one of the principle ingredients of my new base because of its peculiar nature, butit will be 85 understood that its effective ingredients may be hasbeen named "Lincman'gum.

extracted from ,or found in a large number of other gums and resins which may be added to or -substituted for the preferred gum. The gum to which I refer has been heretofore unknown and Lincman gum is a coined name for "-lactea, or the milky;exudate of the plan ve to SantoDomingo and identified by thespeciaI- is'ts of the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, early in the year 1929, as Euphorbia Zactea, and is called by the natives, Raquetta", and is also known as Euphorbz'a antiquorum. It is identified and described by Nathaniel Lord Britten 'in his work entitled Flora of Bermuda", published by Charles Scribnor 8: Sons, New York, in 1918, on page 219, as follows: Euphorbia Zactea haw; mottled candlestick tree, East Indian, a fleshy nearly leafless plant 6'-12' high, the spreading 3-angled branches whitish or yellowisl 1 -bl0tched. knobby,

with a short double spine on the end of each knob, is grown for interest in many gardens. Its copious sap is bright white. The exudate from this cactus plant is freed from foreign material and coagulated.

The resulting product is a slightly grayish, firm, putty-like though tough mass. It is insoluble in water, partly soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether. It is entirely soluble in benzol and its homologues. carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 8 carbon disulphide, or mixtures thereof. u

I have found that after the gum had been allowed to stand for some length of time in alcohol, and the insoluble portion then removed by filtration, after which the alcohol is evaporated, it 79 yielded, when dried, a transparent, glossy, smooth w to the touch, faintly brownish residuum of amorphous nature which can be scaled and powdered and in the nature of a re This extracted resin contains substances extremely bitter to the tongue, lips and throat, giving when tasted, an increasing sense of warmth. It is peppery, burning and smarting-to the taste, much similar to capsicum. The sensation lasts for several hours, from which I conclude that the gum contains a 9 substantial proportion of bitter principles.

It is probably for that reason that cattle do not eat it and that it is used by the natives as a hedge for fencing out goats, hogs and cattle. Lineman gum further contains, besides resin and bitter principles, a substantial amount of a colloid in the nature of rubber.

' e, therefore, as has been stated, Iprefer t 55 j cause of its rubber-like and resin composition, itis to be understood that any'lactiferous'plant exudate', whether in coagulated former in the form of-latex, in .combination with" resinous substances or, substances fic'apable of ;oxidation into; resinous may be fused in place thereof.- Bylactiferous 8 (its -plantexudatea i m I -substances;in ;;the general natureof' rubber or its eonsene iitflb fih may be derived from a great variety'of plants such-as trees, shrubs and vines, found or grown principally in tropical regions. The plants from. 1 which such exudates are obtainable are very large in number, many having been classified but many being stillcommercially and botanically unknown. Said plants, however, have the common property of yielding a colloid designated by 1 the general term rubber which is intended to include gutta percha, caoutchouc, balata, guayule, euphorbia, chicle, and any of their congeners. A resin extracted from the group consisting of the rubberplants referred to together with eoag ulated l 10 or uncoagulated latex from this group would serve the purpose of the preferred Lineman gum.

To fully utilize the properties of the Lineman gum, I prefer to mix it with certain other gums known as lvlariola gum, elastica gum, and a euphorbia gi1m"such"as euphorbdum coagulum, though it will be understood that the latter gums contain many of the valuable ingredients of the Lineman gum. and may be substituted therefor in the proper proportions, if desired, and that any or the congeners of said latter gums may be used instead, if desired.

The substance known as lvlariola gum consists o! the resins extracted from rubber. It will be understood that hereinafter, where the term "Marlola gum is used, I intend this term to apply to any resins or gum resins extracted from rubber, euphorbia, elastica. gutta percha, caoutchouc, balata, or any of their congeners. To replace the Mariola gum, however, I have found that any type of resin such as is suitable for use in varnish and paint bases, may be used. whether a true resin, an oil resin, or a drying oil, which when oxidized, acts"airbstantially in the same manner as a resin.

For example, I may use any of the resins obtained from living trees such as colopbony, sar darac dammars, mastic, or the like, or the socdlled"hard'resinsstich as fossil resins, coped resins or varnish or syritfietic'resins such as'phenolic resins, or coalatarresins such as counmarone or indene resins, or even certain other varnish or paint bases in the form of vegetable drying oils such as China wood oil, linseed oil and the like, whether oxidized or not, or the resins extracted from various plant exudates.

Ellil ce gum is a rubber gum and any type of rubber gum selected from the group named above may be used instead. Euphorbia is also a rubber and any of its congenerous may alsobe used. For example, I have found that euphorbium coagulum, which is an African product for which no commercial use has heretofore been found, may well be used in my new base as one of the ingredients and particularly, the ingredient containing rubber.

To obtain the desired intimate mixture of the various ingredients, equal parts of the Mariola gum or its equivalent, the Lineman gum or its equivalent or substitute, the elastica gum or its equivalent, and the euphorbia or its equivalent, are all powdered so as to pass through a 100- mesh screen. The powdered materials are slightly moistened with a small amount of drip oil".

' Drip-oilis a lwdrocarbon condensation prod- 'uct obtained during the manufacture of illuminating gas, condensing from said gas or coming ofl therefrom as an oily distillate which is sometimes called gas house liquor", gas oil, coal tar o or solvent naphtha". It contains the waste products'resultlng from illuminating gas manufacture, such as various hydrocarbons including benzol, naphthalene, aniline, and derivatives or homologues thereof. The sulphur compounds are preferably extracted therefrom by means of lime and alum and in this condition, it has a less offensive odor.

In order to remove from the mixed and moistened ingredients, the sand, dirt, ash, carbon, vegetable matter and other foreign substances, the mixture is heated sufficiently to drive off the excess moisture. Heating the mixture causes it to fuse, the melt having first a light brown color but as it is stirred, it becomes darker and then 75 black. It finally has a pitch black, glossy appurification or pearance. Heating is continued only until no solid particles remain and the mixture is in a completely molten state. after which it is poured off and thereby separated from the impurities. The base thus obtained may be marketed in lumps of various size or it may be powdered and marketed in powdered form, or if desired, it may be dissolved in a suitable solvent. To obtain a still more intimate mixture, the melt, after being purified, may be allowed to solidify and then powdered, and a suitable solvent added thereto. If desired, the solvent may be added carefully before the melt has solidfied, but I have found that cooling and powdering before the addition of the solvent produces a more intimate mixture and gives somewhat better results.

I prefer to use carbon tetrachloride or drip oil as solvents, or a combination of one part of drip oil to three parts of c bon tetra-chi ride. The carbon tetrachloride lam ara ively expensive ingredient, the mixture thereof with drip oil lessens the cost while at the same time, the offensive odor of the drip oil is substantially neutralized. If a non-inflammable paint is desired, the carbon tetrachloride alone is used. 1!, how- 100 ever, it is desired to mold the composition, then only a sufficient amount of the solvent is added to reduce the composition to apasty consistency. The carbon tetrachloride and the drip oil may be replaced or used in connection with a great 5 variety of other solvents such as e, chloroform, benzol and its homo ogu'es, age

H 3c age", Edd their and aromatic hydrocarbg nsand their derivatives. arfare-sass fiiay be used in connection with a 110 large variety of other materials to form many different products. For example, 15 to 35% by weight of lanolin may be added to the base in powdered refer-or to the base dissolved in the solvent to form an anti-fouling anuantkmnnn5 SiVB water-roof I o e v o u t 01 sg mg comgiound. Such a paint or cement is pa ary ap for use under ground for coating pipes or exposed metallic surfaces, or for under-seal construction or construction subjected to the action of sea water such as bulkheads, piers, docks, piles, buoys, lighthouses, and the like. It

is also useful and efficient inside and outside of cellars and concrete work set in the ground. It may also be used for joining terra-cotta blocks set in the ground, or for protecting telephone and telegraph cables. It may also be used in connection with a toxic for an anti-fouling paint or without the toxic, on surfaces where moisture is present or where moisture has a tendency to condense, such as in ships, cellars, submarines and below ground level construction It has further uses in connectionwith the coating of surfaces'sub'iect to theattack of acid fumes such as in chemical plants or to protect the SUI-3135 faces against the action of chlorine as in water insect destruction plants. .It'may be used as a cement for cementing linifleumrubber, and floor coverings of similar nature, under hydrostatic or hydroscopic conditions as for exampic, cementing floor coverings directly to the ground or below ground level in shops and moist places.

For insulating purposes, the base may be mixed with infusorial earth, cotton, asbestos, and similar insulating materials or it may be used in the manufacture of linoleum when mixed with ground cork or similar products.

For use as a molding material, particularly, where water-proof properties are desirable, it may 154 be mixed with silicious materials or earths, iron filings. Portland ceme c ay. k a c. steatite, Delaware clay. sand. glass, kieselguhr. fiuorspar. or with'argillacem materials or with pigment fillers such as lithopone, lead, zinc, calcium. chromium, aluminum or other metal oxides, or with other fibrous cellulose material such as cocoa-nut shells, ivory nuts, red wood bark, wood fibre and the like, or with any inert, powdered and fairly hard material.

For the manufacture of wall board and ceiling board. it may be mixed with suitable fibrous fillers such as bark, wood fibre, or the like. For shingles and roofing compositions, it may be used for the coating or impregnation of roofing paper or roofing felt and when mixed with pigment fillers such as those hereinbefore mentioned, it resists the attack of salt sea air and does not change color or crack.

It will be understood that in all cases where the base is to be used for water-proofing or waterresisting purposes, it should be used in connection with lanolin.

It will be seen that I' have provided a base suitable for use in connection with paints, cements, coverings, molded articles and the like, when mixed with other ingredients, as may be desired, and that while I have described certain ingredients in detail as preferable, the ingredients and the proportions thereof may be greatly varied and I therefore donot intend to be understood as limiting myself to the specific ingredients mentioned but intend to claim my invention as broadly as may be permitted by the state of the prior art and the terms of the appendedclaims.

I claim:

1. A base for the manufacture of paints, eements, sealing compounds, sheet coverings and molding compositions, comprising an intimate fused mixture of the gum obtained from the euphorbla lactea, a rubber resin, and a rubber gum.

2. As a new composition of matter, an intimate mixture of the gum obtained from the euphorbla laetea, and rubber.

3. As a new composition of matter, an intimate fused mixture of the gum obtained from the euphorbia laetea, a resin, and at least one lactiferous plant exudate in the nature of rubber.

4. As a new composition of matter, an intimate mixture comprising the lactiferous plant exudates of at least two different plants selected from the euphorbla family and its congeners, and a resin obtained from rubber, said composition being adapted to be mixed with lanolin for use on moist surfaces. 2

5. A base for a coating, sealing, or molding composition comprising Lineman gum, and a resin.

6. A base for a coating, sealing, cementing or molding composition including Lineman gum, a resin and a rubber gum.

'l. A base for a coating, sealing, cementing or molding composition, comprising Lineman gum, two different gums other than the Lineman gum and selected from the euphorbla family and its conggngrs, and a resin obtained from rubber.

SSA-composition including Lineman gum, a resin, and a filler.

9. A composition usable as a paint or cement in the presence of moisture including Lineman gum,

a rubber resin and lanolin.

10. A composition comprising Lineman gum, a resin and lanolin.

11. A composition comprising Lineman gum and lanolin.

12. A composition including Lineman gum, a pigment and lanolin.

18. A composition including Lineman gum, gums selected from a group containing the euphorbia, gutta pereha, caoutehouc, balata and chiele families and their eongeners, a resin, a pigment and lanolin.

14. A composition including Lineman gum, a resin, and a paint pigment selected from a group consisting of lithopone, lead, zinc, calcium, chromium, aluminum and other suitable metal oxides, and inert, powdered and fairly hard materials such as fibrous cellulose material.

15. A base for a coating, sealing, cementing or molding composition, comprising equal parts of Mariola gum, Lineman gum, Elastiea gum, and a Euphorbia gum intimately mixed.

JOHN MANO.