US1928607A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

pt. 2, 1933. J. VAN ACKEREN COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March 12, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

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COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March 12. 19 30 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 XMQWK COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March 12, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. Q Q k/asap/fivo/z where.

BY f AT OR Y.

Sept. 26, 1933. J. VAN ACKERI:.N

COKINGQRETORT OVEN Filed March 12, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheep 4 IN VEN TOR. wage/ rook/fare:

Patented Sept. 26, 1933 t t at "z 1,928,607 oomno RETORT oven Joseph van Ack eren, OHara Township, Allegheny Bounty, Pa, assignor. to The Koppers Company of Delaware, a corporation of Delaware Application March 12, 1930. Serial No. #135,131

9 Claims.

My invention relates to coking retort ovens and particularly to the construction of the heating walls of coke-oven batteries.

, In the Operation of coke-oven batteries, it has 5 been desirable to prevent concentration of the heat of combustion of the fuel gas near. the points in the flues at which it has been introduced and the combustible mixture is formed. Such concentration .producesunequal heating of the walls of the flame flues and unless compensated'for in a suitable manner, as by varying the thickness of the flue walls, the charge or. coal in the adjacent oven chamber is coked atan uneven rate with respect to the verticalheight of the charge.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and eflicient means whereby a combustibie mixture of fuel gas and 'air may be diluted, with the result that the flame is Inaterially elongated and the rate of combustion throughout the height of the flame flue is substantially uniform.

A further object of my invention is to provide an arrangement whereby the dilution of combustible mixtures in coke ovens occurs automatically-and without the introduction of gaseous media other than that required for combustion purposes.

In accordance with the present invention, I

provide means for recirculating at leasta portion of the gases of combustion in each oithe flame fines of the heating walls.

The recirculated gases operate to dilute the combustible mixture upon their entrancefto the flame flues.

This action which Figure 1. is aview inv transverse vertical section of a portion of a coke-oven battery;

r Fig; 2 is a view in longitudinal vertical section of a portion of a coke-oven battery, taken on line II- -II of Fig. 4; a

Fig.3 is a composite horizontal sectional view, taken partially on line A -A' and partially on line Fig. 4 is a composite transverse vertical sectional view of the coke-oven battery, taken partially on line C-C and partially on line DD of Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 is aview in enlarged detail of a portion of the structure sh of Fig. 4.

own in the right-hand'portion Referring particularly to Fig. 1, acoke-oven' battery 1 comprises a foundation 2, a side-wall 3 that is retained in'position by the usual buckstays,

.4 and a roof 5 having charging openings 6 which are connected to oven chambers 7, one-oi which appears in the. drawings. v

Crosswise regenerators '8 are located beneath the ovens 7 and their co-operating heating walls 9 and are separated thereiromby intermediate horizontal brickworklll. A producer gas main 11 supplies producer gas to the sole flues12of certain of'the regenerators 8 and a coke-oven gas main 13 supplies cohe oven gas through gas guns 14, one of which appears in'the drawings. Air is supplied to certain of the regenerators 8 by means of dampers 15, one of which is shown. Gases of combustion are conveyed by outflow regenerators to a waste-gas main 17, which. may be connected to the usual stack for inducing a draft in the battery structure. The gases of distillation-are collected by means of ascension pipes 18 and a collecting main 19, with which they communicate. a a

Reference may now be had to'Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, in which the details of construction of the heating walls and associated parts are illustrated. Each heating wall 9 comprises a seriesof alined vertical heating flues 20. Eachof the flame flues 20 is connected by means of inclined ducts 21 to two regenerators 8 beneath the corresponding heating wall, the regenerators being separated by the usualpillar walls 22.

Two horizontal flues 23 are connected by means of ducts 24 to the tops of the flamev flues 20 of the respectivehalves of the heating wall. The' horizontal flues 23 of adjacent walls are connected in pairs by means of crossover flues 25 that extend over the tops of the intervening oven chambers.

Each flame flue 20 is provided with a passageway 27 located in an intermediate or partition wall 28 between adjacent flues. This passageway is connected at its top to the flame flue at approximately its mid-portion and at its bottom to, the

bottom of the flue and closely adjacent to the entrance of the ducts 21. a I a When producer gas is used as a fuel, it is sup-' plied from the producer gas main 11 to the sole flues 12 of half of the inflow regenerators 8 and air is also supplied through dampers 15 to the re maining inflow regenerators. Air and gas are 05' supplied through the ducts 21 to each of the flame lines 20 of one member of the connected pairs of heating walls. r

Combustion occurs upon the entrance of the heated gas and air to each of the flame flues and the gas burns upwardly therein. The gases of combustion pass upwardly, a portion passing out through the duct 24 and a portion being drawn into the passageway 2'? at the upper entrance to the latter and flowing downwardly in the passageway into the flame flue 20 again at the bottom thereof.

This recirculation of a portion of the flue gases is caused by the flowing of the gas and the air past the opening into the passageway at the bottom of the flue. The Venturi effect thus produced causes a recirculation of gases of combustion which may equal in amount the gases of combustion passing through the ducts 24. In such case, there may be said to be 100% recirculation of the waste gases.

The results of the return of the waste gases to the bottom of the flue is to dilute the combustible mixture formed by the gas and air and to correspondingly prolong the flame of combustion. The prolongation of the flame also tends to equalize the distribution of heat throughout the height of the flame flue and, accordingly, the walls of the flame flues adjacent to the oven chamber 7 may be substantially uniform in thickness, as shown in Fig. 2.

When coke-oven gas is used as a fuel, it is supplied from gas guns 14 through nozzles 29, situated in ports 30 connected to each of the flame flues. In accordance with well-known practice, all of the inflow regenerators now supply air which enters the flame flues through both of the inclined ducts 21. The passageway 27 operates in the manner described above to recirculate a high percentage of the waste gases to the bottoms of the flame flues 20 and thus prevent a concentration of the heat generated by the combustion of-the fuel gas at the bottoms of the flame flue.

If, for example, the coke-oven gas supplied to each flame flue constitutes about 21% of the combustible mixture, the recirculation of waste gases in the manner described reduces the percentage of coke-oven gas to approximately'l2 witha consequent elongation of the flame in the flue.

It will be readily understood that the gases of combustion in either the case of producer gas or coke-oven gas as a fuel will pass upwardly through the ducts 24 into the horizontal flues 23 through the crossover flues into the heating system of the adjacent wall and thence outwardly through the outflow regenerators to the wastegas mains 1'7 and the stack. The flow of gases in the battery is periodically reversed. This method of operation is that of the well-known Becker oven of the crossover type.

It will be noted, from an inspection of Fig. 4, that the two halves of the heating walls are symmetrically arranged in that the passageways 2'? are provided on one side, of the flame flues to which they are connected in one half of the heating wall and .upon the opposite side of the flame flues in the other half of the heating wall.

The advantages of the improved construction of my invention will be apparent to those conversant with the art relating to the heating of coke ovens. My invention provides a simple and ponvenient manner of securing substantially uniform heating of the chargein the oven chamber throughout its height.

The construction of coke ovens has been simplified by reason of the fact that the walls of the flame flues may be of uniform thickness and little additional construction is necessary in order to secure the beneficial results of my improvement.

Dilution of the combustible mixture is secured without any heat loss since the diluting gases are merely recirculated from one portion of the flame flue to another and there is no necessity for heating additional gases, as would be the case if the diluting mixture were introduced from another source. No power is required to recirculate the waste gases since this effect is produced entirely by the usual draft applied to the heating system by the stack. The action is entirely automatic.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art relating to coke ovens. The length and other dimensions of the passageways in parallel with portions of the flame flues may be modified in accordance with the effect desired to be secured and it is understood that my invention is not limited to the precise embodiment shown and described except as expressed in the claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical flame flue, means for supplying fuel gas and air to said flame flue at the bottom thereof for burning upwardly therein, and means comprising a passageway for withdrawing a portion of the gases of combustion from an intermediate portion of the flue and for returning the gases so withdrawn to the bottom of the flue for dilution of the mixture of fuel gas and air therein.

2. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical flame flue, means for supplying fuel gas and air at the bottom of said flue for combustion therein, a vertical passageway extending adjacent said flame flue and communicating at its top with an intermediate portion of said flame flue and at its bottom with the bottom portion of said flame flue whereby gases of combustion from said flame flue may circulate through said pasageway for dilution of the mixture of fuel gas and air in said flame flue.

3. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a plurality of vertical flame flues, means for supplying fuel gas and air to the bottom portions of said flame flues for combustion therein, and dilution means for effecting the dilution of the resulting mixture of fuel gas and air in each of said flues, said dilution means comprising a vertical return passage for each vertical flame flue that is closely adjacent the vertical flue and that communicates at its top with the flame flue at a point intermediate its top and bottom, said return passage also communicating at its bottom with the flame flue at its bottom.

l. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a plurality of vertical flame flues, means for supplying fuel gas and air to the bottom portions of said flame flues thereof for combustion therein, and dilution means for effecting the dilution of the resulting mixture of fuel gas and air in each of said flues, said dilution means comprising a vertical return passage for each vertical flame flue that is closely adjacent the vertical flue and that communicates at its top with the flame flue at a point intermediate its top and bottom, said return passage also communicating at its bottom with the flame flue at its bottom, and said flame flues and the return passages being in horizontal alinement longitudinally of said heating wall.

5. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall plying relatively rich or relatively lean fuelgas comprising a plurality of vertical flame flues,

means for supplying fuel gas and air to the bottom portions of said flame ilues thereof for combustion therein, and dilution means for-effecting the dilution of the resulting mixture or" fuel gas and air in each of sai ilues, said dilution means comprising a passageway for each flue that is parallel thereto and equal in length to a lower portion only of the latter'and that is con1municabiy connected at its top and its bottom to the top and the bottom, respectively, of said lower portion of the co-=operating fine, and each of the return passageways being located closely adjacent to its co-operating fine and clisposed'within a wall for separating adjacent fiues.

6. In a cole-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical name flue, means for supplying relatively rich fuel gas and air at the bottom of said fine for combustion therein, a vertical passageway extending adjacent name fine and communicating at its top with an intermediate portion of said flame fine, and at i s bottom with the bottom portion of said flame flue adjacent to the entrance for incoming fuel gas and air whereby gases of combustion may be withdrawn from the intermediate portion of said flame fine and returned thereto at the bottom 7. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical flame flue, means for supand air at the bottom of said flue for combustion therein, a vertical passageway extending adjacent said flame fine and communicating at its top with an intermediate portion of said flame flue through a side wall thereof and, at its bottom, through the bottom or" said side Wall whereby said passageway is adapted to withdraw gases sageway connected at one end to said flame flue at an intermediate portion of the latter and at the other end to the bottom portion or" said flame fiue and adjacent to said opening.

9. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall having a plurality of vertical flame lines with partition walls therebetween, ducts for supplying combustible media to the bottoms of said flame fines and for withdrawing waste gases upwardly from the tops thereof and a passageway in each of said partition walls thatis connected at its top to an intermediate portion of an adjacent flame flue and at its bottom to the bottom of said flame flue.

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN.

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