US1918201A - Fuel injector nozzle - Google Patents

Description

July 11, 1933. R, H. WHITE 11,918,201;

FUEL INJECTOR NOZZLE Original Filed June 18, 1928 0 Z @yf-:

Patented .fully 11, 1933 untreu imagini i l l il ROLLIN E. WHITE, 0F SHAKER HEIGHTS, 0m@

FUEL NJECTOR NOZZLE Application led June 16, 1926 Serial No. 286,100. Renewed .Tune 11, 1932.

rlhis invention relates to improvements i fuel nozzles for Diesel engines.

@ne of the objects of the invention is the provision of an improved fuel nozzle so constructed as to automatically keep its small spray passages free from obstruction.

Other objects and features of novelty will appear as l proceed with the description of that embodiment of the invention which, for the purposes of the present application, l have illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which- Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a spray nozzle embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional detail View taken Asubstantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional detail view taken substantially on the line 3 3 of Fie. 1; y

RefDerring to the drawing, the nozzle comprises a threaded plug 4.6 which is adapted to be screwed into an opening in anengine cylinder, it being understood that one or more of the nozzles may be employed for each cylinder. Fuel oil is conducted to the nozzle through a flexible or other tube 47. 1n order to make a tight connection between the tube and nozzle, the tube carries a relatively soft metal collar 91, which is pressed inwardly against the body member 92 of the nozzle by means of a nut 93. rllhe body member 92 has an inlet passage 94 axially arranged, which connects at its forward end with a cylinder 95 in which a piston 96 is loosely mounted. This piston is carried by a stem 97 which extends axially through a passage 98 and into a constricted opening 99 through the tip of the nozzle, the tip being made preferably in a separable piece 100 threaded into the body member 92. At its extremity the stem 97 is round and has a close sliding fit within the round opening 99. Somewhat to the rear of its extremity, however, the stem 97 is provided with one or more relief passages 101. Hence, when the stem 97 is advanced in the nozzle, small quantities of fuel maybe expelled through the opening 99 by Way of relief passages 101. rlhe piston 96 is provided with means to permit the passage of liquid from one side to the other thereof, and this means consists preferably in grooves or notches 102 cut into the periphery of the piston. 55 rlhe stem 97 and piston 96 are urged toward the right, as viewed in Fig. 8, by a coil spring 103.

rEhe nozzle of this invention is intended for use in connection with an individual @0 fuel pump or, where more than one nozzle is employed for a given cylinder, Athen in connection with the several nozzles for that particular cylinder. The pump operates at the proper time to exert a sudden strong im- @5 pulse tending to feed oil through the nozzle. The pressure impulse thus created in the passage 94 of the nozzle, acting suddenly upon the piston 96, causes the same to move toward the left, as viewed in Fig. 79 l, compressing the spring 103, and carrying the relief passa e 101 across the constricted opening 99. T e compressed liquid within the nozzle is thus sprayed in a highly atomized condition into the combustion space 76 of the engine cylinder. linmediately thereupon the pressure within the spray nozzle becomes equalized by the flow of liquid throu h the grooves 102 in the piston 96, and t e spring 103 returns the piston 96 and stem 97 8@ to the position illustrated in Fig. 1, where they remain until the next succeeding pressure impulse. v rlihe use of very inestreams of fuel brings about a good atomization of the fuel, which .is extremel important in an engine of this character, ut the use of such fine streams makes the clogging of the passages therefor, due to .carbonization of the fuel and the presence of foreign articles therein, all the 9U) more apt to occur. ence my improvement, which permits the use of extremely tine fuel passages and maintains these passages open due to the mechanical movement of the stem97, becomes of considerable importance.

While I have described somewhat in detail the illustrated embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications are within the spirit of the invention, and that the detailed showing and description herein are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. In combination, a fuel nozzle having a connection for the reception of liquid fuel under pressure, said nozzle having a oo nstricted exit opening, a stem having a close sliding fit in said opening, a piston carried by the stern Within the nozzle in position to be acted upon by the pressure pulsations in the fuel line to advance said stem in said opening, said stem having therein a small relief passage located and arranged to bridge said opening in the advanced position of the stem only, and means for retracting said stem.

2. In combination, a fuel nozzle having a connection for the reception of liquid fuel under pressure, said nozzle having 'a constricted exit opening, a stem having an end portion with a cross section complementary to said opening, said end portion having a close sliding fit therein, a piston carried by the 'stem within the nozzle in position to beacted upon by the pressure .pulsations in the fuel line to advance said stem in said opening, the surface of said stem normally to the rear of said opening being relieved to permit the passage of small quantities of fuel between the stem and opening when the stem is inits advanced position, and means for retracting said stem.

3. In combination, a fuel nozzle having a connection for the reception of liquid fuel under pressure, said nozzle having a constricted exit opening, a stem having a close sliding fit in said opening, that portion of the stem normally covered by the walls of said opening having a cross section complementary to said opening, whereby the passage of fuel through the opening is prevented, said stem having a second ortion adjacent the first" named portion W ich is longer than but of smaller cross sectional area than said4 exit opening to permit the .sage of small passage of small quantitiesbf fuel, means tending to hold said first named portion of f the stem in contact with. the'opening, and means responsive to pressure pulsations in the fuel line for moving said second named portion of the stem into position overlapping the exit opening at both ends thereof.

.4. In combination, a fuel nozzle havin a constricted cylindrical opening, a cylin rical stem slidable therein with an outer'portion dimensioned to close said opening, and anA inner portion of greater length but of less cross sectional area than said opening, a piston fonsaid cylinder operatively connected with said stem, and a fuel inlet connection to said cylinder arranged'to subject said piston to pressure impulses in the fuel line, whereby said stem i's moved in said restricted opening to cause said inner portion to overlap said opening and permit the pasquantities of fuel therethrough momentarily.

5. In combination, a-fuel nozzle having a4 constricted openinga cylinder in the nozzle in free, communication with said opening, a stem having an outer ortion slidable Within but litted to close sai opening and an inner portion of greater length but of less cross sectional area ,than said opening, said nozzle having a fuel inlet connection to said cylinder on the end thereof opposite to said opening, a piston for said cylinder o eratively connected -with said stem, Said piston being Vformed to permit relatively slow transfer of'liquid from one side to the other thereof, and resilient means tending tol hold said;

stem in its nozzle closing fposition, whereby pressure impulses in the e l line act upon said piston to shift said stem momentarily 1 against the action of said resilientmeans to cause said inner portion to overla said opening for permitting the passage .o small In testimony whereof, I hereunto a signature. .V

quantities of fuel through said openir -RoILLIN H. WHITE.

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