US1911300A - Feeding of vaor turbines - Google Patents

Description

May 30, 1933. E. w. BRUER FEEDING OF VAPOR TURBINES 4 Sheets-Sheet l y Filed Aug. 29, 1930 uuvuus May 30, 1933. E. W. BRUER 1,911,306

v FEEDING OF VAPOR TURBINES Filed Aug. 29, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 fan/6r M54 @Maf/e,

@maw

May 30, 1933. E. w. BRUER 1,911,300

FEEDING OF VAPOR TURBINES Filed Aug. 29, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 w N N ii @i Efzzszz Mya razzez? gva/manto@ May 30, 1933. E. w. BRUER 1,911,300

` FEEDING oF VAPOR TURBINES Filed Aug. 29, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 l /n ven/vf: 85- eA/.57 Mw wwf/e,

@MPQ

Patented May 30, 1933 UNITED STATES ERNST' WAsA BRUER, or nnnnrnenn-nnwerin, GERMANY FEMNG orV VAPOR Terminus Application inea August ze, reso; semi ne.

saine liquid; i

This nnXtureis obtained byl expanding 1n a nozzle ai liquid, or'exalnple, Water, raised,`

, to a high temperature. andv pressure.

example, froniisteanr turbines, by the fact that they have no steam generator but only a heater completely lilled `with liquid, which is `main-tained` at a `pressure great enough to `prevent evaporation at the temperature to` Whiclrthe Water is heated.. i

Feeding. ot1 tl is'li'qui'dvt heater is naturally more difficult than the feeding of a steam vgenerator inasmuch as in relation to aV unit weight of liquid,` less heat is converted into work` than in steam turbines'.

In` addition, vapor turbines in general Work vvitlr` higher" pressures than' are usual at the present time with stearnturbines,

kFor the reasons given, it Willjbe seen that the question of feeding isnruch more inif portant and difficult in connection with vapor turbines-than with steam turbines.v

The usualmethod' of feedinglby means of piston pump cannot be utilized, sincel va,- por turbines runat much higher revolutions per minute than steam turbines. (apart from thel de Laval turbine) and'y consequently a greater, ratio or reductie-n in the' transmission is required in order to'd'rive a piston pump. I

According to thepresentV invention, thefeeding device tor the liquid heater. ot the.'

vapor turbine is operated by. steani or the o like in a series of pulsations and comprises ai chamber shut-ell frein atmosphere, and completely enclosing the movable parts ol the feeding device, the exhaust trom the' chamber after siii/invr u I vits heat tothe feed e e P ul'es intimately mixed with vapor' ofthe Such vapor'turbines are distinguished, for' fgglti, and' in Germany September 6k, 1929;

quire packing, the tightnessy of the chamber being' maintained solely by the'packin-gof stationary parts' and in consequence `no loss of heat from the system occurs if leakage' place fronr one side to the' other of :a nioving part of the pump.

.in vapor turbine installations, the thermoineclnuri'cal conditions are such that a substantial: quantity of steam is produced, only when' the pressure has been reduced to a' small fraction of the original pressure, and consequently the heated pressure Water it` selfY cannot be appliedto the driving of the pulsating feeding" device, since its `volumeis only slightly different from the volume of'I the liquid to be fed.

Betel-ring te the accompanying drawings, which show two illustrativeV forms `oftheinventiorrhy Way of eXa1nple':-' 1 i Figline l shows a diagrammatic View of trically-operztted valve'gcar for the feeding i device, i y A Figure G` shoW's a' longitudinal `section th'reughla modified 'forinotthe' invention;

Figure' 7 is' adiagranunatic slrovvi-ngof anH installation Figure-6.` y Y f In carrying the invention into effectue-l cording toV one fermas shown inFigure 1 and lapplied to a vapor turbine 'inf W'hi-clfthe' Working .fluid'consists 'of an intimate mix--` ture of steam` and minute globules of We'L ter, the turbine, lf, i's provided With'nozzles-,f 2, in which the og'or vapor. is produced.v

According-to. the ferm of the' invention under: description, the-heater consists ofV a; tubular coil,` 4, a heaftlinsulating' jacket, 5,' and a liquid-fuel burner, 6.

Admission of fuel is effected:automaticall-y by a regulating-valve', 30, which by means of apipe, 17,A is subjected te thepijessureinthe main pipe",` 3,.containing the pressure Water, the arrangement being such". that' embodying the term shown. in'

when a predetermined pressure is exceeded, the fuel is throttled or shut off.

A hand-operated shut-off valve is indicated at 31.

The same burner supplies heat to a steam generator which consists, according to the present example, of vertical water tubes, 7, connected to annular water and steam headers, 8 and 9, the steam generated passing through a pipe, 10, to a feed cylinder, 11, provided with two tubularl extensions, 12 and 13.

The feed-water passes from the condenser,

l14, of the turbine by way of a non-return valve, 15, to the feed cylinder, this transfer being effected automatically. If the piston,r33, (Figure 2) Vmoves downwards in the cylinder the non-return valve, 15, closes and the feed-water passes by way of a second non-return valve, 16, to the inner coil, 18, of a heat-transferrer` surrounding the jacket of the heater, 4.

The outer coil, 19, of the heat-transferrer receives by way of a pipe, 24, the exhaust steam from the feed cylinder, 11, this exhaust steam being condensed on the walls of the inner coil, 18. The condensate is returned through a pipe, 21, by way of a valve device arranged in the tubular projection, 12, anintermediate container, 22, and a second valve device in the extension, 12, and thence passes by way of a pipe, 23, to the steam generator, 7.

A throttleL valve, 26, is inserted in the steam pipe, 10, leading from the steam header, 9, to the feed cylinder, 11, the steam header, 9, being connected in addition by way of a safety valve, 32, to the outer coil, 19, of the heat-transferrer.

Further,a pipe, 25, connects the lower extension, 13, of the feed cylinder with the inner coil, 18, of the heat-transferrer, this inner coil, 18, being also connected by means of a pipe, 20, to the heater, 4.

Inl the feed cylinder, 11, a piston, 33, is provided, the piston rod, 39, of which is formed at its lower end as a piston, 34. The upper part of the piston rod, 39, is provided with a lateral projection or feather, 42, disposed in a groove, 43, in a drag valve, 4.0, sliding in the tubular extension, 12, this valve, 40, being held in its end positions by means of a spring, 38, co-operating with a lever,36, engaging ina recess, 37. 1t will be understood that owing to the ends of the projection, 42, coming in contact with the corresponding ends of the groove, 43, the piston rod, 39, when near its extreme upper or lower positions carries the valve, 40, with it.

In the position shown in Figure 2, it is assumed that the piston, 33, is moving up wards owing to the pressure of water from the heater, 4, acting through coil 18 and pipe 25 on the small piston, 34.

The action of the feeding device described is as followst- 1n the heater, 4, a pressure of 150 atmospheres exists and in the steam boiler, 7 8, 9, a pressure of 155 atmospheres.

Assuming that the piston, 33, is in its highest position, the connections due to the valve, 40, are such that they space above the piston, 33, is connected with the steam generator by way of the pipe, 10, this connection being preferably controlled by a partial closing of the valve, 26. At the same time the path from the intermediate container, 22, to the steam generator, 7, 8, 9, through the pipe, 23, is open so that the contents of this container pass into ythe generator. That is, the container 23is in free communication with the steam generator, and the steam will first flow into the container, and then, as soon as the pressure is equalized, the liquid will flow down by grav ity into the steam generator. The downward movement of the piston forces the water below it by wayof the non-return valve, 16, into the inner coil, `18, of the heattransferrer and thence into the heater itself.

As the piston approaches its lowest po.

sition, the valve, 40, changes over. rlhe path to the steam space ofthe generator, 7, by way of the pipe, 10, is then closed and also the connection between the intermediate container, 22, and the steam generator by way of the pipe, 23, while the connection, 21, between the intermediate container, 22, and the lower end of the coil, 19, of the heat transferrer, is opened, so that condensate passes from the coil, 19, into the container, 22.

When the connections are thus changed over, naturally at first steam that has collected as explained above in the intermediate container, 22, flows into the outer coil, 19, of the heat-transferrer.

The total heat of the steam so far as it has not been converted directly into mechanical work by the movement of the-piston and so far as it has not been dissipated by conduction, is thus transferred to the feedfwater for the heater, since the steam condenses on the outer surface of the inner coil, 18, of the heat-transferrer.

An upward movement of the piston, 33, .follows under the pressure below the auxiliary piston, 34, the condensatefrom the vapor turbine, 1, passing automatically vinto the space below the piston. f

The pressure of the feed can be adjusted by altering the duration of the stroke of the piston by means of the throttle valve, 26, or by means of an adjustable throttle device in any suitable position.

This effect can also be obtained by means of an electrically-controlled valve gear, yof which one form is shown in Figure 5.

Instead of the drag valve, 40in the upper extension, 12, a valve, 50, is provided which is connectedifby dinks .and a .double lever, 51,.to .an iron core,i52. :This core'is movable in.a branchifrom the casing, of nonferrous imetal, for example i brass, .andlis controlled `:by a coil, 5.4, acting against .a spring, 55. .Excitationiofthe coilis effected by means o'fja contact .maker ldriven bya clockworlgthe speed of which is adjustable bymeans ofalever, 57. i

` lVith such an external .control for .the Valve gear, the meanslfor causingithepiston, 33,430 Vmove upwards can=be omitted andthe piston becomes .merely a rtree-.movingparti tion separating 'steaniand water.

In the Vforms of the invention described, allthe elements ofthe'Va-lve gea-r lie inside the extension, 12, so that "it fis-necessary to provide fluid-tight `jointsonly forthe Vpipe connections, thepoints where `leak-.ige may occur lying inside a closed space. 'i

On account of the very great sensitiveness `to additions of feed 'of the "liquidheater as'here applied, in contrastlto a steam boiler, vthis conditionis of `considerable importance. v i 'V ll `gures 6 and v7 showa modified :form-of the invention in which the feeding device, working with a succession of pulsations, is driven not by steam from a boiler arranged as an accessory to the waterV heater-,zbutiby steam Jfrom expanded pressure water taken fromthe heater or the main pipe I3).

'In this form of the invention, therefore, the steamboilerf?, 8,9, is omitted and-'the burner, 6, in consequence heats only-the coils, 1l, of the water heater.

This simplified form of the inventionconsists of 'a cylinder', '71, in which `works a piston, 70, 'connected with a substantially larger pistonff, in cylinder, 7 2. The cylinder, 71, is connected y;by way of anon-return.valve,i75, `withthe `pipe, 74, which in turn is connected to thej condenser, v141-, the non-return valve, 7 5, `thus corresponding to the non-ietuin`fvalve, 15,? in Figure 1. The cylinder, 71, is also kconnected by yway of va non-return valve, 76, which corresponds to the non-return`valve, 16, in ig. f1, to the inner coil, A18, of the-heat-transferrer.' rllhe large piston,`73, is provided with uan eXtension rod,j9l, which ends in perforated piston,f78, working within a hollow drag valve, 37,9. 'Y

f `rPhe piston, `78, in the end positions ofthe piston, `3, does not come'intofcontact direct- -ly 4withthe bottom ofthe 4hollow valve, 79, fand with a perforated plate, 80, screwed into theotherend,lbut springs,81, 82, are-interposed which `butt against movable perforated discs,f83 and 84; i

The hollow7 Avalve, 79, :is-prevented .from turning-by .a #longitudinal groove .'(inot Vshown in thedrawingslinto which .enters a ,guide pin secured to; the valve. housing, :85. @In addition .recesses,x86, ...are-provided into whichiin @the-.end ipositionsofithe valve, a spring detent, .87,..enters'.

'The hollow 4valve,.1f/ 9, in tits .end positions alternately 4connects with @the ",.pip.e,c;i88, .leading-.to theouter coil, 19,Lofithe heat',tranS ferrer and,withQthejbranclnf), ottbeyalve cas1ng,wlnch,1s(connected byavaynf apresi sine-reducing valve,90,.oi .any `suitable .con-

struction `to y.a @.ppe, 91.l This. pipe branehedoff 4fromthe .main pipe-3.A

A enen-.return .valve,.92, is' provided ill'fhepiston, 73,fwhich;in the 'form shown in fthe drawings 'issuhject to `the action, of aecomparatively .weakly spring, 93, ito .ensure i its lrethe pressure-.reducing valve, 90, fwhere .its pressure is considerably V.reduced for :exf ample, to 12..at1nospheres, .as soon .as the` pistoi`i,f73,1noving downwards fromftheposition shown causes the valve,-79`,by` means ofthe' spring, 81, .and disc183, to `assume its lowest position in :whichftheinterior ofthe hollow valve, l79, fis' Connected with the branch,89, and shut o'ffffrcinthepipe, A88. ln this positionthecletent, 87,. under the action'ofits spring snaps into `the upper recess, 86, andfholds thefvalveinthis position until-"by upward movementof the piscon, '7 37 i Ythe .valve ,under the action ",o-"lit the SprieaSQ 1.11191A the. disci! 8515 aen ffficed into :the position AS..}.10`..`W.n.

.Steele generated item the ,pi-essere 'Water expanded fremglQO t0 llQLatisQSpllele' below.ll'lareepstoa 7.3, Ywhich me" .with im@ small risparmi :mer-2S' Heir-aids again-2t the Aeftff r1f-Qf the WP/'ek series', .Inithi-sitayfthe .taeter in theme11 Grnder,

The. .condensatezlows' .from the outer. coil` L19 intoi the .container 1y ,22. QWhen the .f latter :is filled to..a..certain;height theziiloat valve i101 .aan c opens and is closed again as soon as the container is nearly emptied.

In this manner all the heat is utilized` as Any partlyevaporated and condensed fluid which has passed-into the interior of the cylinder, 72, can then escape through the opened non-return' valve, 92, and on the next downward stroke of the piston, 73,Y will be withdrawn through the pipe, 88, together with the condensate from the steam under the piston, 73.

In order to protect the turbine, l, from the effects of a pulsating feed, a balancing storage vessel 60 is provided on the hightemperature'side, that is, betweenthe turbine, 1, and the heater,4.

f This arrangement of storage vessel has the special advantage in connection vwith vapor turbines that the installation isl not exposed to dangerr from the completely closed liquid heater,the pressure in which, due for example to an obstruction in one of the pipes, might rise to a dangerous degree.

In addition, the storage vessel in the case of vapor turbines has all the advantages' of a heatbuffer which are provided by the boilerin the case of steam reciprocating and turbine engines. Y

Quite apart, however, from the balancing of pressure oscillations, the use of the storage vessel in connection with the method of feeding according to the present invention, is important for averaging the temperatures of successive volumes of liquid. 's

'Inconsequence lof the slow pulsations of the feed, without the balancer, undesirable energy oscillations would occur in theturbine not only due to pressure changes but 'far more to temperature changes.

By the introduction of the balancer, it is possible for thefirst time to utilize in practice all the potential advantages of the vapor turbine. Y vWhat I claim is 1. In a turbine system including a source of hea-ted' Water under pressure, a turbine driven by a mixture of water and steam developed from said heated water under pressure,`a condenser connected to said turbine, a heat transferrer including a heating coil, a secondv coil surrounding said yheating coil, a feeding device comprising a working cylinder, means' connecting said cylinder to said'condenser, a non-returnvalve in said connecting means, asecond means connecting said heating coil to said cylinder, a non-return valve in :said second connecting means, asecond cylinder of larger diameter than .rod one in each of .said cylnders, a piston on said rod outside said cylinders, a slidable hollow drag valve, means controlled by said.

third piston to connect one side of the piston in the larger cylinder alternatively through said hollow valve with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, means connecting said steam inlet to said source of heated water under pressure, a pressure reducing valve in said last connectingmeans, andmeans connecting said steam outlet to said second coil.

2. In a system as claimed in claim l, said means controlled by the third piston including discs on either side of the piston slidable inthe hollow valve to engage theendsthereof, a spring between each of the discs and the piston, and spring controlled means releasable under apredeterminedy pressure for normally holding` said hollow valve at either end of its movement, said hollow valve having ports therein connected with the steam .inlet and the steam outlet respectively at one endand the other of the movement ofthe valve.

-In a system as claimed in` claim l, said means controlled by the third piston including discs on either side of the piston slidable in the hollow valve to engage the ends thereof, a spring between each of the disesand the piston, and spring controlled means releasable under a predetermined pressure for normally holding saidhollow valve at either end of its movement, said hollow valve having ports therein connected with the steam inlet and the steam outlet respectively at one end and the other of the movement of the valve, said hollow valve having depressions therein, said spring controlled means including a detent, and'spring means *pressing said detent into engagement with said depressions. y s

l.' In a system as claimed in claim l, a pressure releasing valve in the piston `in the larger cylinder..

T5. In a'turbine systemincluding a source ofV heated water under pressure, a turbine driven by a mixture of water and steam developedv from said heated water under pressure, a condenser connected to said turbine, a heat transferrer including a heating coil, a second. coil surrounding` said heating` coil, a feeding device comprising piston means, means connecting one side of said piston means to said condenser, a non-return valve insaid connecting means topermit iiow. of vHuid from said` condenser to said piston means only, means connecting the same side of the piston to` said heating vcoil,-a,non return valve in said second connecting means to permit flow of 'fluid from said l piston means to said heating coil only, means connecting the otherside of said piston means to a source of heated fluid under pressure, means connecting said second side of the piston means to said second coil, and a slide valve operated by said piston rod toope'n one of said last named connecting means and to close the othei` and vice versa.

6, In a system as claimed in claim 5, means constantly urging said piston means in the direction of said second side.

In testimony whereof, I have aixed my signature. l

ERNST WASA BRAUER.

Images