US1910453A - Heat transfer unit - Google Patents
Heat transfer unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1910453A US1910453A US535521A US53552131A US1910453A US 1910453 A US1910453 A US 1910453A US 535521 A US535521 A US 535521A US 53552131 A US53552131 A US 53552131A US 1910453 A US1910453 A US 1910453A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- air
- heat transfer
- transfer unit
- fins
- tubes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/327—Thermosyphonic having vertical air draft passage
- Y10S165/328—Air draft passage confined entirely or in part by fin structure
Definitions
- This invention relates to new and useful improvements in heat transfer units and more particularly to heat transfer units of the circulating air and extended heating surface type.
- the primary object of the invention is to provide a heat transfer unit of the stated character having a relatively high efliciency and economical in operation.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a heat transfer unit of the stated char acter constructed to pass the air through the said heat transfer unit at relatively high velocities.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a heat transfer unit of the stated char acter having a direct, unbafiled passage for the air through the heat zone.
- FIG. 1 is a View in perspective of the heat transfer unit constituting the invention:
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional plan view of the heat transfer unit
- Fig. 3 is a sectional View on line 3-3, ig-
- Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on line 4-4 Fig. 2;
- Fig. 5 is a detached sectional view showing a modification in the construction of the 35 steam tubes.
- heat transfer units of the air draft type have for the most part been constructed on the indirect air flow principle, thus creating a tendency to retard the ve- 4o locity of the air passing through said heat transfer unit.
- the extended air fin surfaces have been heated by transverse contact with the heating eleinents, and difiiculty has been encountered in the inability of such a system to adequately heat the air fins throughout the entire surface thereof.
- Such obstacles as the above have become factors of great economic importance in the attempt to efficiently operate he t transfer units constructed on the above principle.
- I provide an air draft heat transfer unit having an uninterrupted, direct flow of air therethrough.
- the principle of direct flow through tubular air fins effects an air flow through the heat transfer unit at comparatively high velocities which may be increased by decreasing the diametrical size of the tubular fins.
- the air passing through the tubular fins produces an effective turbulence of the air which increases the velocity, and subjects every particle thereof into contact with the surface of the air fins'at some time during the passage of the air through the fins. This produces a more efficient method of heating the air.
- the said fins are capable of being heated to an even temperature throughout the length, and entire circumferential surface thereof, the heat waves traveling laterally about. the tubular surface at each side of the line of contact with the heating'ele ments and overlapping at the'most removed point on the said surface from the heating element.
- the effect of the'high velocity of the air through the device together with the turbulent action of the air in the fins results in a small decrease in the temperature difference of the intake and exit air than has heretofore been available with steam of sub- 8 stantiall-y the same heat content.
- the efficiency of the performance of heat transfer units is meas ured by the condensation factor and, by my invention, While the temperature difference between the intake and exhaust air is somewhat smaller than heretofore encountered in similar units, the condensation factor of a unit embodying my invention is more than doubled, resulting in an effic iency of operation upwards of 200 percent.
- the decrease in the temperature difference in the intake and exhaust air passing through the transfer unit ismore than offset by the relatively greater increase in velocity of the air emerging from the said unit and which effects a complete circulation of the air in the space into which it is exhausted.
- the heat transfer unit constituting the invention comprises in general a casing or cabinet 1 having intake and exit ports 2 and 3 respectively.
- the said ports in the present instance are suitably protected against entrance of foreign particles into the cabinet by gratings 4:.
- a pair of steam headers or reservoirs 5 are secured within the cabinet 1, a suitable distance above the base and adjacent the sides thereof as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.
- passage between the headers 5 is accomplished through elongated oval pipes 6 connected therebetween, the longitudinal cross section axis of the said tubes 6' being disposed vertically with respect to the base of the casing l of the radiator.
- a pair of pipes 7 are connected at one end to each of the steam headers 5, the other end of the said pipes passing externally of the casing 1 at the back thereof. It will be seen that by connecting the external ends of the pipes 7 to a suitable steam line, steam may be passed in one of the said pipes 7 to the adj acent steam header 5, and through the steam tube 6 to the second steam header 5, from which the steam passes through the other pipe 7 externally of the cabinet 1 to the steam line.
- a plurality of cylindrical tubular air fins 8 are disposed vertically within the cabinet 1, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, in such a manner that the circumferential. surface of each one of the said tubular fins 8 has a line contact with one of the heating tubes 6, extending the greater portion of the length of the said fins 8, and'with at least one other air fin.
- the contact between the tubular air fins 8 and the prime heating surface 6 is accomplished by means of a fused metallic bond between the said tubes 8 and the the prime surface.
- FIG. 5 A modification of the construction of the steam tubes is shown in Fig. 5, wherein the said steam tubes passing between the steam headers 5 are cylindrical in shape, designated as 9, and in which case it is desirable to provide a plurality of such tubes disposed one above the other, to effectively heat the surface of the air fins 8, as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings.
- a heat transfer unit of this type may be utilized forpurposes wherein it is desired to cool circulating water, as for example, the circulating water in water-cooled internal combustion engines.
- the water to be cooled may be passed, in place of steam or water ordinarily used for heating purposes, through the pipe 7, the reservoirs 5 and their connecting tubes 6.
- the passage of cold air inwardly of the port 2 through the cylindrical tubular air fins 8 and out of the exit port 3 of the heat transfer unit effects a comparatively greater temperature drop in the circulating cooling water than has been accomplished in cooling circulating water for internal combustion engines by air heretofore.
- the transfer of heat in the above instance is from the prime surface to the tubular fins, the heat being absorbed by the passing of air through said fins.
- This action may be reversed as in refrigeration wherethe heat in the air is transferred to the said fins, the said fins conducting it to the prime surface in which a heatabsorbing medium is used, thereby cooling the air passing through the fins.
- tubular air fins be circular in cross section and form, it will be apparent that tubes having square, rectangular, elliptical or variations thereof for the crosssectional shape thereof, may be iningrfrom the spirit thereof.
- a heat transfer unit of the-type described comprising a prime heating surface
- a heat transfer unit of the type described comprising a cabinet having an intake portfor cold air adjacent the bottom and an exhaust port forv warm air adjacent the top. thereof, a pair of. headers secured to the sides andinternally of the cabinet, tubes separating and affording passage between said steam headers and affording a prime heating surface, an inlet pipe connected to one of said headers, a second pipe connected to the other of said headers for passage externally of the unit, and a plurality of tubular air fins each contacting the greater part of the length thereof with one of the tubes, the said air fins being vertically disposed Within the cabinet to effect direct passage of the air through the heat transfer unit.
- a heat transfer unit of the type described comprising a cabinet having an in- 10 take port for cold air and an exhaust port for Warm air, tubes in said cabinet affording a prime heating surface, and a plurality of upright contiguous tubes, each in contact with the said heating surface and the adja- 15 cent air fins.
- a heat transfer unit of the stated character comprising a cabinet, tubes in said cabinet affording a prime heating surface, and a plurality of vertical contiguous cylindrical 20 air fins, each in contact with said surface and adjacent fins, the said tubes effecting a direct turbulent flow of air through said unit.
- a heat transfer unit of the stated character comprising a cabinet, having an intake port for cool air adjacent the bottom and an exhaust port for Warm air adjacent the top thereof, and a plurality of vertical contiguous cylindrical tubes in said cabinet of) affording a direct turbulent flow of air throu 'h said cabinet.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
May 3, 9 3- c. w. WIEGAND HEAT TRANSFER UNIT Filed May 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet l May 23, 1 3- c. w. WIEGAND HEAT TRANSFER UNIT Filed May 6, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet Patented May 23, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HEAT TRANSFER UNIT Application filed May 6, 1931. Serial No. 535,521.
This invention relates to new and useful improvements in heat transfer units and more particularly to heat transfer units of the circulating air and extended heating surface type.
The primary object of the invention is to provide a heat transfer unit of the stated character having a relatively high efliciency and economical in operation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heat transfer unit of the stated char acter constructed to pass the air through the said heat transfer unit at relatively high velocities.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heat transfer unit of the stated char acter having a direct, unbafiled passage for the air through the heat zone.
The invention further resides in features and details of construction herein set forth and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a View in perspective of the heat transfer unit constituting the invention:
Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional plan view of the heat transfer unit; a
Fig. 3 is a sectional View on line 3-3, ig-
Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on line 4-4 Fig. 2; and
Fig. 5 is a detached sectional view showing a modification in the construction of the 35 steam tubes.
Heretofore, heat transfer units of the air draft type have for the most part been constructed on the indirect air flow principle, thus creating a tendency to retard the ve- 4o locity of the air passing through said heat transfer unit. Furthermore, inair draft heat transfer units in the past, the extended air fin surfaces have been heated by transverse contact with the heating eleinents, and difiiculty has been encountered in the inability of such a system to adequately heat the air fins throughout the entire surface thereof. Such obstacles as the above have become factors of great economic importance in the attempt to efficiently operate he t transfer units constructed on the above principle.
j By this invention I provide an air draft heat transfer unit having an uninterrupted, direct flow of air therethrough. The principle of direct flow through tubular air fins, vertically disposed as in the present instance, effects an air flow through the heat transfer unit at comparatively high velocities which may be increased by decreasing the diametrical size of the tubular fins. The air passing through the tubular fins produces an effective turbulence of the air which increases the velocity, and subjects every particle thereof into contact with the surface of the air fins'at some time during the passage of the air through the fins. This produces a more efficient method of heating the air. By use of the cylindrical tubular fins, as in the'present instance, and fused 10 line contact of the air tin with the heating element, the said fins are capable of being heated to an even temperature throughout the length, and entire circumferential surface thereof, the heat waves traveling laterally about. the tubular surface at each side of the line of contact with the heating'ele ments and overlapping at the'most removed point on the said surface from the heating element. The effect of the'high velocity of the air through the device together with the turbulent action of the air in the fins, results in a small decrease in the temperature difference of the intake and exit air than has heretofore been available with steam of sub- 8 stantiall-y the same heat content. However,
it is Well known that the efficiency of the performance of heat transfer units is meas ured by the condensation factor and, by my invention, While the temperature difference between the intake and exhaust air is somewhat smaller than heretofore encountered in similar units, the condensation factor of a unit embodying my invention is more than doubled, resulting in an effic iency of operation upwards of 200 percent. The decrease in the temperature difference in the intake and exhaust air passing through the transfer unit ismore than offset by the relatively greater increase in velocity of the air emerging from the said unit and which effects a complete circulation of the air in the space into which it is exhausted.
Referring to the drawings, the heat transfer unit constituting the invention comprises in general a casing or cabinet 1 having intake and exit ports 2 and 3 respectively. The said ports in the present instance are suitably protected against entrance of foreign particles into the cabinet by gratings 4:. A pair of steam headers or reservoirs 5 are secured within the cabinet 1, a suitable distance above the base and adjacent the sides thereof as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. In the present instance passage between the headers 5 is accomplished through elongated oval pipes 6 connected therebetween, the longitudinal cross section axis of the said tubes 6' being disposed vertically with respect to the base of the casing l of the radiator. In the present instance a pair of pipes 7 are connected at one end to each of the steam headers 5, the other end of the said pipes passing externally of the casing 1 at the back thereof. It will be seen that by connecting the external ends of the pipes 7 to a suitable steam line, steam may be passed in one of the said pipes 7 to the adj acent steam header 5, and through the steam tube 6 to the second steam header 5, from which the steam passes through the other pipe 7 externally of the cabinet 1 to the steam line.
A plurality of cylindrical tubular air fins 8 are disposed vertically within the cabinet 1, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, in such a manner that the circumferential. surface of each one of the said tubular fins 8 has a line contact with one of the heating tubes 6, extending the greater portion of the length of the said fins 8, and'with at least one other air fin. The contact between the tubular air fins 8 and the prime heating surface 6 is accomplished by means of a fused metallic bond between the said tubes 8 and the the prime surface.
A modification of the construction of the steam tubes is shown in Fig. 5, wherein the said steam tubes passing between the steam headers 5 are cylindrical in shape, designated as 9, and in which case it is desirable to provide a plurality of such tubes disposed one above the other, to effectively heat the surface of the air fins 8, as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings.
A heat transfer unit of this type, and involving the principle discussed at the beginning of the specification, may be utilized forpurposes wherein it is desired to cool circulating water, as for example, the circulating water in water-cooled internal combustion engines. The water to be cooled may be passed, in place of steam or water ordinarily used for heating purposes, through the pipe 7, the reservoirs 5 and their connecting tubes 6. The passage of cold air inwardly of the port 2 through the cylindrical tubular air fins 8 and out of the exit port 3 of the heat transfer unit effects a comparatively greater temperature drop in the circulating cooling water than has been accomplished in cooling circulating water for internal combustion engines by air heretofore.
It will be apparent from the foregoing description that the. principal .described in the preferred embodiment of'my invention 'forthe purpose of description, may be embodied many systems involving heat transfer, where the cooling of liquids or the condensing of gaseous mediums, or even cylinder walls in air cooled engines may be desirable.
The transfer of heat in the above instance is from the prime surface to the tubular fins, the heat being absorbed by the passing of air through said fins. This action may be reversed as in refrigeration wherethe heat in the air is transferred to the said fins, the said fins conducting it to the prime surface in which a heatabsorbing medium is used, thereby cooling the air passing through the fins.
While I have stipulated in the foregoing description that the tubular air fins be circular in cross section and form, it will be apparent that tubes having square, rectangular, elliptical or variations thereof for the crosssectional shape thereof, may be iningrfrom the spirit thereof.
I claim:
corporated in my invention without depart- 1. In a heat transfer unit of the stated character, steam headers connected in ,a circulating line,tubes connecting said headers and affording aprime heating surface, cylindrical tubular airfins contacting at least in part with the tubes and adjacent air fins through which air is adapted to pass to be heated, the said air fins being positioned to .s
effect a direct passage of the air through the heat transfer unit.
2. A heat transfer unit of the-type described comprising a prime heating surface,
and a plurality of contiguous cylindrical tubes, each in bonded contact with said surface and adjacent tubes, the said tubes effecting a direct turbulent flow of air, through the heat transfer unit.
3. A heat transfer unit of the type described, comprising a cabinet having an intake portfor cold air adjacent the bottom and an exhaust port forv warm air adjacent the top. thereof, a pair of. headers secured to the sides andinternally of the cabinet, tubes separating and affording passage between said steam headers and affording a prime heating surface, an inlet pipe connected to one of said headers, a second pipe connected to the other of said headers for passage externally of the unit, and a plurality of tubular air fins each contacting the greater part of the length thereof with one of the tubes, the said air fins being vertically disposed Within the cabinet to effect direct passage of the air through the heat transfer unit.
4. A heat transfer unit of the type described comprising a cabinet having an in- 10 take port for cold air and an exhaust port for Warm air, tubes in said cabinet affording a prime heating surface, and a plurality of upright contiguous tubes, each in contact with the said heating surface and the adja- 15 cent air fins.
5. A heat transfer unit of the stated character comprising a cabinet, tubes in said cabinet affording a prime heating surface, and a plurality of vertical contiguous cylindrical 20 air fins, each in contact with said surface and adjacent fins, the said tubes effecting a direct turbulent flow of air through said unit.
6. In a heat transfer unit of the stated character comprising a cabinet, having an intake port for cool air adjacent the bottom and an exhaust port for Warm air adjacent the top thereof, and a plurality of vertical contiguous cylindrical tubes in said cabinet of) affording a direct turbulent flow of air throu 'h said cabinet.
cfiARLEs WILLIAM WIEGAND.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US535521A US1910453A (en) | 1931-05-06 | 1931-05-06 | Heat transfer unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US535521A US1910453A (en) | 1931-05-06 | 1931-05-06 | Heat transfer unit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1910453A true US1910453A (en) | 1933-05-23 |
Family
ID=24134599
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US535521A Expired - Lifetime US1910453A (en) | 1931-05-06 | 1931-05-06 | Heat transfer unit |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1910453A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2707620A (en) * | 1951-11-02 | 1955-05-03 | Inez M Snyder | Radiator cover |
-
1931
- 1931-05-06 US US535521A patent/US1910453A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2707620A (en) * | 1951-11-02 | 1955-05-03 | Inez M Snyder | Radiator cover |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US1920800A (en) | Heat exchanger | |
US2488615A (en) | Oil cooler tube | |
US2373218A (en) | Oil cooler tube | |
US2892618A (en) | Heat exchangers and cores and extended surface elements therefor | |
US2611584A (en) | Heat exchanger | |
US2587720A (en) | Heat exchange device | |
US2405722A (en) | Heat exchange structure | |
US4373578A (en) | Radiator with heat exchanger | |
US2469635A (en) | Steam boiler or the like having extended heat transfer surfaces | |
CN105444602A (en) | Novel inner finned pipe for boiler | |
US1935412A (en) | Fluid cooler | |
US1910453A (en) | Heat transfer unit | |
US2578136A (en) | Tangentially finned heat exchange tubes | |
US1979859A (en) | Tube for boilers, heat exchangers, and the like | |
US1673918A (en) | Heat exchanger | |
US4313490A (en) | Heat exchanger | |
JPS5826519B2 (en) | Red-bellied woodpecker | |
Boda et al. | Design and Development of Parallel-Counter Flow Heat Exchanger | |
US2322284A (en) | Heat exchanger | |
Perez et al. | Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Mechanisms in Wavy Fins Having One, Two, Three, and Four Rows of Tubes | |
US2061100A (en) | Radiator core | |
US1927079A (en) | Heat convector | |
US3527292A (en) | Recirculating thermosyphonic heat exchangers | |
US1832769A (en) | Heat exchange tubing | |
US1992561A (en) | Method of heat transfer |