US1908169A - Massive ring manufacture - Google Patents

Description

I May 9, 1933.

H. M. NAUGLE ET Al.

MASSIVE RING MANUFACTURE Filed Sept. 18, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VENT ORS EMA angle AJ Tow/Mend j LM {ATTORNEYS MASSIVE RING MANUFACTURE Filed Sept. 18, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS H M Nauyla A. J Townsend AYTORNEYIS H. M. NAUGLE ET AL MASSIVE RING MANUFACTURE May 9, 1933.

Fil d Sept. 18. 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS BY EMA/011310 A J. Tawizsend May 9, 1933.

H. M. NAUGLE ET AL 1,908,169

MAS S IVE RING MANUFACTURE m N m n INVENTORS BY EMA/bugle A. J Tawnsend ATTORNEYJ Patented May .9, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE HARRY M. NAUGLE"AND ARTHUR J2. TOWNSEND, OF CANTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOBS TO NAUGLE & TOWNSEND, DELAWARE ING.,'OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION 01' MASSIVE RING MANUFACTURE Application filed September 18, 1931. Serial No. 563,588.

Substantial progress has been made in the manufacture of massive metal rings having a substantially square cross section of six- I teen square inches and upwards and a circum- 5 ferential length of twenty-five feet and ratus set forth in our prior applications filed,

. respectively, May 17 1930, Serial No. 453,310 since abandoned, and July 2, 1930, Serial No.

465,303, matured in Patent No. 1,882,516 on October 11, 1932. i

In the practical operation of the apparatus and the use of the methods set forth in said prior applications, some difliculties have been'experienced because of the formation of cavities or openings in certain portions or regions of the rings; arising, no doubt, from the differential rate of coolin and solidifying of themolten metal in di ferent regions of the cross section of the metal which forms the ring.

Even though the ring is made by flowing and compressing molten metal which has previously been deoxidized, at Ya tem' erature of 2600 F, and upward, into a rapid y rotating annular mold, maintaining centrifugal pressure until the metal is cooled to a selfsustainin plastic condition, and then re-' ducing t e centrifugal pressure until the metal has further cooled to permit the ring to shrink without a granular disintegration of the metal, as set forth in said application Serial No. 465,303; certain cavities or open ings may be formed in different portions or regions of, the ring, and inwardly extending flanges or fins are usually formed on one or both, especially on the lower one of theinner corners of the ring, which fins must be sevcried and removed therefrom before straightenin and rolling a section of the ring, as set orth in said application, Serial No. 453,310.

When such cavities or openings are formed in the body of the metal, even though deoxidized or killed steel is used,-the usually occur in or near the median plane, a out midway bet een the pp r a d lower faces of the ring, and considerably nearer to the inner face than to the outer face or periphery of the ring; and although the cavities or openings do not usually extend entirely around the ring, their presence in any part or region thereof is very objectionable, and um less the section of the ring containing suchcavities or openin s can be located and eliminated, there may e a serious flaw in the finished product made therefrom.

It is, therefore, the principal purpose of the present improvements, to prevent the formation of cavities or openingsin the body of massive metal rings made in rotating molds from deoxidized steel, and to prevent the formation of projecting fins on the inner corners thereof; and that purpose may be accomphshed in ageneral wa by controlling the rate and progress of cooling of the molten metal as it flows into and solidifies or freezes within the cavity of the mold, and/or in a particular way, by increasing the temperature of the molten metal at the inner face of the ring, after it is formed and before it has cooled enough to solidify.

It has been discovered by practical experience, that the cooling of the molten metal progresses quite rapidly inward, from the outer side of the cavity of the mold, and also uite rapidly upward and downward from t e lower and upper sides of the mold, de-' pending upon the relative thickness of the metal walls of the mold; and that the molten metal at the inner face of the ring begins to cool and solidify very quickly after the ring is formed, aiidbefore the cooling from the outer, upper and lower walls of the mold has progressed inward to the inner face of the ring, so that the last portion of the metal to cool and solidify is in the median plane of the ring nearer to the inner face than to the ring, from which the cooling and solidifying from the lower corner 0 has progressed.

We have, therefore, discovered that the general purpose of the present invention may be accomplished by retarding or delaying the cooling of the molten metal throughout the entire area of the inner face portion of the ring, as by applying thereto a heat insulating or non-conducting material to prevent the radiatiqn of heat therefrom, and/or by locally retarding or delaying the cooling .of the upper and lower portions of the ring adjacent to its inner face until the cooling has progressed ,inward from the outer face or periphery of the ring entirely to the inner face thereof, before the molten metal has cooled and solidified at that place; so that the shrinkage of the metal away from the place of final cooling and solidifying may cause a depression in the inner face of thering, rather Elan a cavity or opening in the body of the etal.

We have foiind that the first result referred to, of retarding the coolingof the metal at the inner face of the ring, ma be accomplished by utilizing the normal slag which may be permitted to remain in the molten metal, or by runningmolten slag, or other substance, such as magnesium compounds or sand, into the mold, or by applying a blanket of fire clay or burned dolomite to the inner surface of the molten metal immediately after the molten metal has been poured; and as the slag or other substance is lighter than the molten metal, it forms a heat insulating coating or blanket upon the inner face of the ring, and by retarding the cooling thereof, brings the final point or place of solidification in the median plane at or very close to the inner face of the ring.

- We have also found that the second result referred to, of locally retarding the cooling of the upper and lower portion of the ring adjacent to its inner face, may be acc0m-.

, plished by inserting rings of refractory heat insulating material, such as fire brick and the like, in the walls of the mold, and es pecially in the upper and lowerwallst'hereof, at and adjacent to the inner face of the ring cast therein; so as to cause a selective freez- 7 ing of the molten metal in the ring, and retard the cooling and solidifying of the inner portions thereof until the cooling and solidifying has progressed from the peripheral por-' tions of the ring inward to ,the inner face thereof, thus bringing the final point of solidification at or very close to the same.

And we have further found that, by providing an annular zone of refractory heat insulating material in the bottom of the ro-' tary mold table, immediately. inside of the cavit of the mold, so as to receive the molten meta as it is poured and iiows into the mold, thesame will retard the cooling of the metal as it is poured upon the table and prevent the formation of a fin or flan e extending inward the ring; and that the presence of refractory heat insulating rings in the upper and lower sides of the mold, at and adj acent to the inner face of the ring, serves to prevent the formation of any fins or flanges whatever on the inner corners of the ring, and saves the waste of labor and material required-for removing the same.

We have also discovered that in event the inner face of the ring cools so rapidly that it begins to solidify before the cooling from the outer side of the ringprogresses to the inner side thereof, it may be desirable, if not necessary, to temporarily increase the temperature at the inner face of the ring as soon as it is formed, either with or without a sub; sequent application of heat insulating material thereto; and the" same may bed'oneby the application to the molten inner face of the ring, and elsewhere, if desired, of a substance or a combination'of substances, as for instance, the combination of finely divided aluminum and iron oxide, the'chemical reaction of which increases the temperature of the metal and delays the cooling and solidifying thereof at the place or places where the substance is applied.

The principal purposes of the present improvement, thus set forth?ingeneral-terms, and ancillary advantages in the operation of rotary molds for making massive metal rings, have been successfully accomplished by means of the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming parthereof. in which Figure 1 is an axial elevation section of a portion of a centrifugal casting machine showing a supporting table with an ordinary form of annular ring mold thereon, by which 1 some of the improved process steps have been successfully carried out; 7

Fig. 2, an enlargement of the cross section, at one side of the ordinary mold; v Fig. 3,/an axial elevation section of the same machine with an rov ed fot'm of annular ring mold thereon, y which all of the inmproved process steps have been successfully carried out; and I i Fig. 4, an enlargement of the cross section, at one side of the improved mold.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings;

The centrifugal casting machine preferably includes a round table 5 mounted on a vertical axis, for rotating upon a 'supportin base 6 by driving gearing 7 provided wit roller bearings 8 and 8a to insure an even, steady and uniform rotation of the table at a high rate of speed, which may be some 200 R. PAM. I

The ordinary mold may include substantially similar opposing sections 9 and 9', having a substantially horizontal joint 10 with an offset 10a therein substantially in the mestantially tangentially,

- tangentially dian plane of the mold; with the necessary flanges 11 and key bolts 12 for detachably shaped to give the desired section to a mas sive ring, preferably with the upper? and lower sides of the mold slightly tapered outward toward each other, with rounded corners at the outer side of the mold; and the lower side of the mold may be extended inward by means of a replaceable annular wear plate 14, for receiving and flowing molten metal into the mold cavity, as indicated conventionally at A in Fig. 1.

The mold as a whole, or its separable lower section, may be centrally located and maintained on the rotary table, by means of a centering ring or plurality of may be secured as by welding 16 upon the top of the tab e.

A molten metal pouring box 17 is removably supported and suspended, as by a frame 18 movable upon a support, not'shown; which box is provided with a discharge spout 19 located adjacent the inner side of the mold and directed to discharge molten metal, sub

upon the annular plate 14, at the inner side of the mold cavitfy whence the metal flows by action of centri ugal force, outward into the mold cavit when the machine is rotated, as indicated at A container 20 for a powdered iron-oxid aluminum mixture may be supported over the machine upon the same frame 18, into which container compressed air may be injected through a pipe 21 for dischar 'ng the powdered mixture through an out at p1 e 22, having its 0 en end directed substantial y a jacent, the inside of the metal ring B when formed, so as to spray and coat the inner area'of the ring as and after it is formed, with the" oxid-aluminum mixture, to temporarily increase the temperature at the inner area of the ring as and after it is formed,

In the improved form of mold illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, each up er and lower section of the mold is divide into an outer and inner part, respectively 9a, 9b, 9a and 9b, the

division being by a substantially vertical joint 23 and 23a having an oflset 24 therein, so that the inner parts may be read1l def tached for replacement; but will norma 1y be secured to the outer part, as by means of rings 25 bearing upon a shoulder 26 on the outer part, and secured to the inner part as by means of bolts 27 An annular ring of heat insulating refractory material 28 is inserted in an annular channel 29 provided for that purpose in the upper wall of the mold, to face a portion of blocks 15, which the mold-cavity adjacent the inner portion thereof, which rin may be made of a series of arcuate fire bric dovetailed into the chan nel and secured therein, as by afire clay cement 30. i

A similar annular ring 28 of heat insulating refractory material is inserted in an annular channel 29 provided for that "purpose in the lower wall of the mold, to face a portion of the mold cavity at and adjacent'the inner portion thereof; which ring may be made of a series of arcuate fire brick dovetailed into the'channel and secured therein,

as b a fire clay cement 30', all as well shown in ig. 4.

The lower side of the mold may be extended inward by means of a detachable annular wear plate 14a, for receiving and flowing molten metal into the mold cavity, as indicated conventionally at A in Fig. 3; and in the improved form of mold, an, annular zone of heat insulating refractory material 31 is inserted in an annular channel 32 provided for that purpose in the upper side of the ring and extending from the outer corner thereoi to .a point adjacent the inner corner thereof, to receive and insulate the molten metal as it is'poured upon the wear plate 14a; and this zone may be made of a series of arcuate fire brick dove tailed into the channel 32 and secured therein, as by a fire clay cement 33, as well shown in Fig. 4.

The improved mold as a whole, or its 'se arable lower section, is preferably central y poured upon the table from the spent 19,

ows immediately outward b action of centrifugal force, until the ring is formed, as conventionally shown in Fi 3 and 4; and without the improved method: set forth herein, one. or more openings or cavities may be formed at or in the region of the place marked a in Fig. 2, and a considerable flange or fin y is usually formed at thelower inner corner of the ring, no doubt b a prematurecooling of the molten metal as it flows into the cavity of, the mold and a smaller fin y is sometimes formed at the upper inner corner of the ring by a slight flowing and freezing of the molten metal inside of the formed face C of the ring. By use of the insulating material 28 and 28' in the upper and lower walls' of the mold at and adjacent to the cor'respondin corners of the formed ring, and thense o slag or other insulating material in the molten metal to form a heat insulating coatin \or blanket, shown by dotted lines at D on t e inner face of the formed ring, the cooling of the molten metal in the inner portions of the ring is so retarded that t e cooling of t e m tal has progressed inward from the outer ortions of the rin'g'entirely to the inner face t ereof, and that the final cooling and solidifying will occur at or about a, as shown in Fig. 2.

A similar result may be accomplished, either with or without the insulations referred to herein, by spraying a mixture of finely divided alummum and iron-oxid so as to form a coating upon the entire inner area of the ring as and after it is formed, so as to increase the temperature and delay the cooling and solidifying of the metal in the inner portion of the ring, until it has progressed inward from the outer peripheral portions entirely to the inner face thereof.

In practice, however, either one, any two, or all of the three method steps set forth herein may be employed, according to the varying conditions which may be present during the molding of a massive metal ring; so that the cooling and solidifying of the molten met- .1 throughout the entire area of the inner face portion of the ring will be uniformly retarded until the cooling and solidification of the molten'metal has progressed from the outer peripheral portion of the ring inward to the inner face thereof.

The presence of the insulatin zone-31 in the annular wear plate 140 in t e improved mold,'and the adjoining insulating ring 28' vents the formation of a fin at the inner upper corner of the rin B, so that the inner face C of the ring is ormed without any flanges or fins upon its inner corners, as shown in Fig. 4, thus saving the waste and expense'of removin the same before the ring can be cut into sections and blooms formed and-thereby rolled into bars or other products.

We claim 1. The 'method of making a' massive ring from molten metal in 'a rotating annular mold, which inclu'des flowing molten metal into the molduntil "the ring is formed, and uniformly retarding the cooling and solidification of-the molten metal throughout the entire area of the inner face portion of the ring until the cooling and solidification of the molten metal has progressed from the outer peripheral portion of, the ring inward to the inner face thereof.

2. The method of'making a massive ring from molten metal in a rotating annular mold, which includes flowing molten metal into the mold 'until the ring is formed, retarding the cooling and solidification of the upper and lower fa e f the/r g at and adjacent the inner corners thereof as and after the ring is formed, applying a coating of heat creating material to the innerarea of the ring, and applying a blanket of heat insulating material to the inner face of the ring.

3. The method of making a massive ring from molten metal in a rotating annular mold, which incudes flowing molten metal into the mold until the ring is formed, retarding the cooling and solidification of the upper and lower faces of the ring at and adjacent the inner corners thereof as and after the ring is formed, and applying a blanket of heatinsulating material to the inner face of the ring.

4. The method of making a massive ring from molten metal in a rotating annular mold, which includes flowing molten metal into the mold until the ring is formed, applying a coating of heat creating material to the inner area of the ring, and applying a blanket of heat insulating material to the inner face of the ring.

5. The method of making a massive ring from molten metal in a rotating annular mold, which includes flowing molten metal intothe mold until the ring is formed, retarding the cooling and solidification of the upper and lower faces of the ring at and adjacent the inner corners thereof as and when the ring is formed and applying a coating of heat creating material to the inner area of the ring.

6. The method of making a massive ring from molten metal in an annular mold supported on a rotating table, which includes pouring molten metal upon the rotating table and flowing it into the mold until the rin is formed, retarding the cooling and solidi cation of the metal adjacent the inner face of the ring to be formed, as it is poured upon the table and flowed into the mold, and applying a coatin of heat creating material to the inner area o the ring.

7. The method of making a massive ring from molten metalin an annular mold supported on a rotating table, which includes pouring molten metal upon the rotating table and flowing it into the mold 'until the ring is formed, retarding the cooling and solidification of the metal adjacent the inner face of the ring to be f0rn'1ed, as it is poured upon the table and flowed into the mold, and applying a blanket of heat insulating material to the inner face of the ring.

8. The method of making a massive metal ring which include'sflowin molten metal into a rotating annular mol defining the. up;

' per, lower and outer faces of the ring until a ring having a substantially square cross sec- I tion of sixteen square inches and upwards is formed with a free inner face, and applying a blanket of heat insulatin material to the inner free face of the ring for uniforml retarding the Ming and solidification o the molten inner face ortion of the ring until the cooling and so 'dification of the molten metal has progressed from the upper, lower and outer peripheral ortions of the ring inward to bring the fina l place of solidification in the median plane substantially at the inner face of the ring.

9. The method of making a massive metal ring which includes flowing molten metal into a rotating annular mold defining the up; per, lower and outer faces of the ring until a ring having a substantially square cross section of sixteen square inches and upwards is formed with a free inner face, and applying a coating of heat creating material to the inner area of the ring for uniformly retarding the cooling and solidification of the molten inner face ortion of the ring until the cooling and solidification of the molten metal has progressed from the u per, lower and outer perlpheral portions 0 the ring inward to' ring the final lace of solidification in the median plane su stantiallyat the inner face of the ring.

into a rotating annular mold, defining the upper, lower and outer faces of the ring until a ring having a substantially square cross section of sixteen square inches and upward is formed with a free inner face, and locally retarding the cooling and solidification of the upper and lower face portions of the ring at an adjacent the inner corners only thereof as and when the ring is formed.

11. The method of making a masive ring from molten metal in an annular mold at the periphery of'a rotating table, which includes pouring molten metal upon the table at the inner side of the mold and flowing it into the mold until the ring is formed, and retardin the cooling and preventin a solidification o the metal on the table at t e inner face of the rin to be formed, as it is poured upon the tab e and flowed into the mold.

In testimony that we claim the above, we have hereunto subscribed our names. v 1

HARRY M. NAUGLE. ARTHUR J. TOWNSEND.

10. The method of making a massive metal ring which includes flowing molten metal

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