US1869911A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

Patented 2, 1932 UNITEDA STATES PATENT Iornuca EUGENE e. amante, or naar marron, cormncrrcur, .A'ssIGNon or otra-rennais: To.'

ALVA. C. WASBIBUBNE, OF PITTBFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS application mea :member a1. reso. sex-m n n. 50am.

. My invention relates more particularly to that class of firearms having a stock adapted to be supported against a portion, as the shoulder, of Ja Person operatlng the device,

L and an object o m invention, among others, is the production o a firearm of this type that shall be particularly simple in construction and inmethod of operation, while at the same time havin eiiicienc to a marked deo` grec both as to its operatlon and as tothe safety of such operation. f One form of a rearm embodying my invention and in the construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others, may be attained is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a view m lengthwise vertical section through the breech portion of a firearm on a plane denoted by the dotted line 1-1 of Figure 4, the front portion of the stock and rear portion of the barrel being shown. I

Figure 2 is a view in side elevation, of the same.

Figu denoted by the `dotted line 3-3 of l. j Fi re 4 is a similar view on a plane denote by the dotted line 4.-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is anotherview in cross section on a plane denoted by the dotted line 5-5 of Figure 1. l

Figure 6 is a view in. horizontal section on a plane denoted by the dotted line 6-6 of Fi re 1. v 85 igure 7 is an isometric view of the cartrid feed block.

igure 8 is an isometric view of rtions of the frame and breech bolt head with parts disconnected therefrm but shownyin their relative positions. c

My improved firearm is of the magazine type, .that is, one in which a plurality of l cartridges are placed to be successively tired and it is semi-automatic in that when the cartridge shell is ejected and another cartridge is inserted in the breech in the barrel, the `parts then coming to rest until the trigger 1s again pulled. In firearms of this pe heretofore made a removable, magazine as re 3 is a/ view in section on a plane trigger is pulled ring takes place, the empty shape been em loyed from which the cartridges are raise and then pushed forward into the breech of the barrel. My improved firearm embodies a magazine tube extendin forwardly underneath the rear end of the arrel and from which the cartridges are moved backwardly and then upwardly and then forwardly into the openm in the breech of the barrel, my improved oading mechanism bein so constructed that this operation is satis actoril performed in a manner not heretofore eemed possible in an automatic firearm.

Such a irearm is illustrated inthe Idrawings herein in which the numeral 10 denotes the stock that may be of any suitable form and material and constructed to receive a frame 11, which parts are secured together as by means of screws in a manner that will be hereafter described. The stock 10 is re- 'to its seat in the stock. 4

A frame head 14 preferably roundl in cross-section is seatedr in a oove in the. u l per4 end of the frame at its back end,

groove being of a shape to t the head.- The' ead is supported at its rear end by the end. of a recess in the. stock 10. A head screw'15 projects throu h the back end of the frame into. said hea thereby securing the latter firmly in lace. A screw 16 passes from the under si e of th tri ger guard plate 12 through said plate'an into'a threadedrecess in the screw 15 thereby" securing b'oth the rear endsof sai lateaiid frame to the stock. A receiver 1g ofl generell round in cross sectionh is mounte on the` frame 11 to t the g'roove in the upper surface thereof. This receiver isfreduced at its' rear end to form an 4annular lip to engage a flange on the front end of the frame head, and as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. A barrel 18 is secured in an suitable man ner in a hole opening into t e front end of the receiver, screw threads being shown herein for this purpose.

A hammer 19 of generally round shape in cross section is mounted to fit a recess 20 in the head 14 and to slide within a breech bolt chamber 21 extending lengthwise within the receiver 17 A firing spring 22 i`s located in a hollow stem extending within the head 14, said spring projecting int'o a recess in the rear end of the hammer 19. A spring supporting pin projects into said spring from a screw threaded plug 23 that closes ths rear end of a chamber in the head. The hammer stem 24 projects backwardlyV from'the hammer through a guide opening 25 extending from the rear end of the recess 20, and a guide 26 is secured to the outer end of said stem, said guide. fitting the wall of a guide and spring chamber 27 hereinbefore mentioned and in which the spring 22 is located, as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings.

A sear engaging notch 28 is formed in the hammer, in the structure herein shown this notch consisting of an annular groove,

extending around the hammer.

A breech bolt 29 of generally round shape in cross section as to r1ts upper portion and round at its rear end to it within the breech bolt chamber 21 in the receiver 17 is mounted for sliding reciprocating movement in said chamber, normally restmg against the forward end of said chamber inproximity to the rearward end of the barrel 18. A breech bolt spring 31 is mounted in a recess 32 constituting a groove extending lengthwise in the upper edge of the receiver, a narrow slot forming lips constituting the mouth of said recess whereby the spring 31 is retained in place. The back end of the sprin thrusts against the screw 15 that acts as an a -utment, and the forward end of the spring is seated against a shoulder behind the head of `aplunger 33, said plunger comprising a stem to project backwardly into the spring. Said.

plunger is pressed against a lug 34 projecting downwardly from the under side of the breech bolt near its back end. The bolt is recessed on its under surface to create a loading j 'web 35 extending lengthwise of the bolt, in the bottom and crosswise center of the recess, the end of said web engaging'the end of a cartridge for the purpose of forcing it into the opening in the barrel 18.

'A firing pin 37 has at its reary end a tail 38,

said pin and its tail being located in a slot extending lengthwise in the breech bolt at its upper side and downwardly across the end thereof. A retaining pin 39 extends across the slot. in the breech bolt and into aslot in thevring pin for the purpose ofretaining the latter in place while permitting a limited.

lengthwise movement thereof. A firing pin spring 40 is located in a recess at the back of the breech bolt and thrusts against the tail 38 to hold the pin at the rearward limit of its movement. The tail holds the pin from striking the barrel. N

A cartridge feed block 41 of generally rectangular shape in cross section has a carwhich opening is provided with retaining.

lipsY 43 on opposite sides of the chamber whichv lips terminate intermediate the ends of the chamber, thereby forming an 'opening 44 through which the enlarged rim of a car- 'tridge shell may pass, the lips 43 being near enough. together to'preventsaid rim from passingout of the rear end of the chamber. The forward wall of the chamber is tapered upwardly and forwardly to form a guide 45 to cause the nose of the cartridge to travel upwardly in position to enter the opening in vthe breech of the4 barrel.

The projection comprising the chamber42 closely fits within a hole of the same shape in the bottom of the receiver, and a feed tube opening 46 extends from the front end of the feed block into the cartridge receiving chamber at the rear end thereof.

A cartridge feed tube 47 of ordinaryV construction has its rear end located in said opening, said tube containing the usual spring and plunger for forcing cartridges 48 out of the tube and into the chamber in the feed block,and as shown in Figure 1 of the draw- L.ne of the lips 43 has a shoulder that forms an ejector 49 against which the rear end of a cartridge shell strikes when said shell is drawn out ofthe barrel 'by mechanism to be hereinafter described.

A sear 50 is pivotally mounted in a sear groove 51 extending ydiagonally upward in the side of the frame 11, and as shown in Figures 2 and 8 of the drawings, said sear being mounted on a pin 52 projecting from the side of theframe 11 and having an enlarged head as shown in Figure 2. The uppei` end of the Sear is shaped to engage the recess 2O in the hammer 19 to retain the latter in its backward position against the tension of the spring 22.

A sear spring 53 is located in a recess inthe l toward the scar as b a sear bar s ring 58 located in a recess in e bottom of said slot.

The trigger 57 is pivotally mounted in a A slot in a trigger supporting lug 59 projecting '6' downwardly from the under side of the fram 11and as shown in Figure 2 of the drawings. The trigger is retained in its non-firing position as y means of a trigger spring 60 having its lowger end seated 1n a recess in the Il) upper edge of the trigger and its upper end received on the reduced end of a supporting pin 61. l

A cartridge lifting lever 62 is pivotally mounted in a slot63 extending lengthwise Y Il through the forward end of the frame 11 and from the bottom to the top thereof, said slot extending downwardly into the lug 13 and the lower ed e of the rear end of the lever being locate in said lug. A pin 64 extends 2'0" across said slot and acts to support the lever.

The' forward end of the lever has a cartridge receiving recess 65 in its upper edge to receive the cartrld es 48 as they are forced backwardl? out of t e tube 47. A cut-olf 66 projects wnwardly from the frontend of the leverk and acts to prevent backward movement of the line of' cartridges in the tube 47 when a cartridge is being raised into the upper part 'if the chamber 42. A spring actuated plunger l 907' 67 rests upon a spring seated in a recess in a 40 of the'leverback of the ivot 64. 4The lever also has a lowering cam '0, formed on its upper edge forward of the pivot 64 by means of which the lever is lowered into position to receive a cartridge when the breech bolt moves forwardl to close the breech. 4

An extractor 1 is mounted in a slot in the side of the breech .bolt in the forward end thereof, the forward end of the extractor having a lip to engage the rim of a cartridge shell V and the rear end of the extractor having a.

knob 72 located in a recess extending wardly from the bottom of the slot 73.

The knob is held within the recess to lre- `tain. the extractor in place by means of an extractor3 retaining plunger 74 seated against a sprin 75 located in a recess 76 extending .inward y from theslot in which the extractor 71 is located, and as shown in Fi re 6 of the drawin The other 'end of t e spring Ipresses agaimt a handle' retaining plunger 7' having a tapered end to engage an an nular groove in the reduced inner end of a breech bolt actuatin handle 78 that extends into a recess vin 4the reech bolt, and projects outwardly through a `slot 79 opening through the .side of the receiver into the chamber therein. The forward end of the slot is widened t5 rovide an extracting o ening 80.- The handle 7 8 is used to move the reech bolt backwardly in its chamber to thereby move the hammer into cocked position when occasion shall require the hammer to be manually cocked. The end of the -slot 79 terminates just back of the rear end of the breech bolt thereby leaving a sight opening 81 `through whlch it may be determined whether or not the hammer is in its cocked or uncocked positions.

Y A retaining screw82 projects through the side of the frame 11 into a cutaway A rtion on the side of the web so that t e end of the pin will rest op osite the end of the plunger 33, thereby ho ding the plunger in place when the receiver, barrel, feed block and magtazine tube are removed by an upward li ing movement of the barrel after afholding nut on a bolt projectin from the magazine tube through the foreplece of the stock has been loosened. The barrel being lifted the lip on the receiver is readily dis.

engaged from the flange on the head 14 and the parts just mentioned may then be removed from the frame and the stock. y When the cartridge lifting lever 62 is operated to raise a .cartridge into the upper part of the cartridge receiving chamber 42 the rear end of the lever that overlies the forward end of the scar bar 56 depresses this end of said bar, moving the firing lug out of the path of movement of the lower end of the sear, thereby permitting the latter under the influence of the spring 53 to promptly move into position to engage the amm'er when the latter is again moved back after a firing operation.

The o eration of the gun, briefly described, is as follows, it bein understood that the parts are in the positlons shown in Figures 1, 2, 6, and 8 of the drawings. The trigger being ulled the lug 55 on the sear bar is pushe forwardly swinging the sear on its pivot and disengagin 1t from= the hammer that is forced forwar -by the spring 22 into enga ent with the tiring pin 37, forcing the orward end of the latter into contact `with the cartridge in the barrel, thereby ex lploding the latter. Thefforces of the explowhich is immediately re-engaged by the sear 50.` In this backward movement of the breech bolt the cartridge shell om the chamber in the the hold o the extractor and out through the extractor opening 80, in 'a manner that ractor 71 draws the vempty iso' will be readily understood by those skilled in the use of firearms of this type. v

As the breech bolt moves rearwardly the lug 34 encounters the elevating cam 69 on 5 the lever 62 raising the forward end of the lever and lifting the cartridge thereon into the upper part `of the cartridge receivlng chamber 42, the plunger 67 under the influence of its spring retaining the lever wlth its forward end in this raised position with the rim of th`J shell against the under side of the lips 43.

Immediately upon reaching the back end cf the chamber 21 the breech bolt under the force of the spring 31 is nioved quickly forward engaging the loading web 35 with the back of the cartridge, thereby moving the latter forward. 'The nose of the cartridge engages the guide 45 directing said 'nose upwardly into the opening in the rear end of the barrel, the cartridge rim sliding along underneath the lips 43 until it reaches the opening 44. At this point the rim passes from within the chamber and rides along the upper sides of the lips until the cartridge is fully seated in the barrel. l v

During forward movement of the breech bolt the lug 34 thereon encounters the lowering cam 70 on the lever, forcing the lever 3 downwardly into position to receive another cartridge from the magazine tube as the line of cartridges in said tube is forced backwardly by the spring in the tube. Backward movej ment of this line of cartridges was prevented 35 while the lever was in its loading position owing to the presence of the cut-ofi' 66 in front of said line. This terminates aliring action of the gun and the parts are now in position for a repeated aetion of the same.

40 In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principles of operation 'of my invention, together with the device which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the device shown is only illustrative, and that the invention may be carried out by other means and applied to uses other than those above setout.

I claim:

1. A firearm including a stock, a frame encased in said stock, a frame headiitted to the upper edge of the frame, a screw projecting through the frame into said head to secure the latter in place, a trigger plate located underneath the stock and spaced from said frame by al1-intervening part of the frame, a screwprojecting through said plate and into the end of the first mentioned screw to secure the plate and frame to the stock, a receiver, a barrel, and firing mechanism mounted on said structure. f 2. A firearm including a stock, a frame secured to the upper edge of the'stock, a frame head secured to the upper side of the frame at its rear end, a receiver freely removably engaged with the forward end of said head to i secure the rear end of the receiver in place, a barrel secured to the front end of the receiver, and firing mechanism supported by sald stock and frame.

3. A firearm including a stock, a frame secured to the upper edge of the stock, a frame head secured to the upper side of the frame at its rear end, a receiver having a cylindrical chamber with a flange at the end of said chamber engaging a lip, on said head to freely removably retain the receiver in place, means ably mounted in a chamber in the receiver and having a groove at its outer surface extendlng lengthwlse thereof and across lts end, a firing pin locatedin said groove and having 'a tail at its end located in the groove across the end of the breech bolt to prevent the forward end of the pin from striking the end of the breech bolt chamber, and firing mechanism supported by said receiver. l

v5.' A firearm including a receiver with a barrel secured thereto and means for supporting it, firing mechanism mounted on said receiver and support, a feed block having a cartridge receiving chamber projecting upwardly through a hole in the receiver to guide cartridges-to the breech bolt chamber in the barrel, a feed tube projecting into said block to securefit in place, said tube communicating with said chamber, and means for lifting cartridges in 'said chamber.

6. A firearm including a receiver with a barrel secured thereto, firing. A mechanism mounted on said receiver and support, a feed blockhaving an upwardly projecting cartridge receiving chamber extending through a hole in the receiver to guide cartridges to the breech bolt chamber'in the barrel, said block also having a forwardly projecting part fitting the under sidel of the receiver, and a cartridge feed tube projecting into a hole in the forwardly projecting part and communieating with the chamber in. said block.

7. A firearm including a receiver with a barrel secured thereto, firing mechanism mounted on said receiver and support 'therefor, and a feed block including an upwardly projecting cartridge chamber having lips to engage the rim of a cartridge toretain it in the chamber, said lips terminating forwardly to permit the cartridge rim to rise out of the chamber and ride along the top edge of said chamber.

8. In combination with the cartridge feed block of a firearm, said block being separately lformed. from the receiver and fixed against movement therein, a pivotally mounted lifting lever vertically movable in a slot through the bottom of the chamber insaid block, a cut-off extending downwardly from the under side of said lever to govern feed of cartridges into said chamber, and a connection between said lever and the firing mechanism for operation of the former by the latter.

9. A firearm including a frame having a slot in its outer side surface, a receiver mountfed on the frame and including a head, a sear mounted in said slot and projecting through an opening in said head, and firing mecha- YV'nism-including a hammer adapted to be enlgaged by said sear.

10. In combination in a firearm, firing mechanism including a trigger, a hammer and a sear, a sear bar pivotally mounted in a slot in the upper edge of said trigger and projecting forwardly to engage said sear,l

and a pivotally mnnted lifting lever having its end positioned to engage and operate sald sear bar.

11. A firearm including a breech bolt havin a slot therein, an extractorlocated in said slot, a plunger engaged with the extractor, a handle projecting into the breech bolt, a plunger engaging said handle, and a spring located between said plungers to force them in opposite directions.

12. A firearm including a receiver having a slot therein, a breech bolt slidably mounted in the receiver and having its end uncovered by the end of the slot forming an opening for examination ofthe interior of 'the breech bolt chamber and a hammer resting against said bolt in the foryvard position of the hammer. f

13. In combination with the firing mecha.- nism of a, firearm including a breech bolt and an extractor, a loading mechanism including afeed block comprising a cartridge feed chamber, lips at the mouth of said chamber to retain cartridges therein, one of said lips including a projection acting as an ejector in the path of movement of a cartridge shell under the influence of said extractor, and a stock to support said mechanism.

EUGENE G. BEISING.

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