US1862292A - Roofing - Google Patents

Description

June 7, 1932. 5. 1. BENNETT ROOFING Filed Sept. 21, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 o-gfl W INVENTOR June 7, 1932 s. BENNETT ROOFING Filed Sept. 21, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 M INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented June 7, 1932 ROOFING Application filed September My invention relates to roofing, and more particularly to a construction of roofing embodying therein metallic sheets or strips which may be so connected with other parts of the roof structure and with adjacent sheets or strips as to form acontinuous weatherprcol structure which, while fairly light in weight, will possess great durability.

A roof embodying my invention is formed mainly of separate sheets or strips which in their entirety are fabricated inthe factory or shop, the construction and arrangement these sheets or strips being such that in combination with members co-operating therewith, which members may either formapart of the sheets or strips, or be separate therefrom, a substantially continuous uninterrupted roof structure may be formed, the various parts of which are mounted in rela tion to the puriins and to other portions of the roofing without the use of nails or other devices passing through the roofing sheets or strips, and without the formation of crevices of any kind, or the mutilation or defor mation of the sheets or strips in a manner to permit water to accumulate thereon, or to seep therethrough.

fire roofing sheets or strips each comprises a continuous facing of thin sheet metal, havlug formed at the opposite ends thereof, members adapted to interlock with co-operating members at the ends oi other sheets or strips, and the side edges of the metal facing sheet are so formed as to provide side 'n' )5 extending outwardly of other portions of he sheet, thus not only permitting the use of cover mouldings or binders'for securing adjacent sheets or strips in position with re .lation to each other, but forming a weather-- proof joint at the seam betweensuch sheets or strips.

The metallic facing is provided with a permanent backing, which in addition to im- V, parting rigidity to the sheet orstrip,will form an etl'ective body of heat insulation. The rigidity of the sheet or strip may be enhanced, and the permanency in the relation of the body of the insulating filler and the sheet metal facing may be assured. by suitable reenforcements imbedded in said filler 21, 1926. Serial No. 136,741.

and connected with the material of the fac ing sheet.

The metal facing sheet of each roofing sheet or strip may be formed with a sequence of steps simulating the edges of shingles, this formation imparting lateral rigidity to each sheetor strip and checking the upward flow of Water in the event of high winds, the stepped formation extending from side web to side web of the sheet. or strip, and being formed integrally therewith.

The roofing of my invention is designed primarily for use upon pitched roofs, and the manner of uniting the different sheets or strips is such as to adapt them for use upon various styles and forms of such roofs.

While in covering a building with roofing embodying the invention, sheets or strips of standard dimensions may be used throughout the major portion or" the root, it is necessary to provide sheets or strips of special construction for use in forming the eaves of a building, and to make filler strips at the opposite ends of the roof of a building during the roofing operation and combine therewith suitable flashing when end copings are used.

It is also essential to provide aspecial ridge construction for the roofing.

In conjunction with sheets or strips of the character ubO" referred to, I provide means by which such sheets or strips may be secured directly to metal purlins, which means, in conjunction with the cover mouldings or binders and the means securing the eaves sections in position, will ensure the desired permanency in the relation of the roofing sheets or strips to the roof structure proper.

The construction of the cover mouldings or binders is such as to deflect falling water and prevent water from passing by capillary attraction between such mouldings or binders and the edge webs and between the abutting side webs of adjoining sheets or strips.

The invention consists in roofing containthe novel features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth and described, and more particularly pointed out in the claims hereto appended.

Referring to the drawings,

IOU

Fig. 1 is a plan View of a fragmentary portion of the roof of a building embodying roofing made in accordance with my inven tion;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. is a section on the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4- is an enlarged detail view of the adjacent ends of two cooperating sheets or strips upon a larger scale than Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary portion adjacent the ridge of a roof;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 77 of Fig. 2, illustrating the manner of attaching the roof sections to the purlins;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line 66 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 8 is a bottom perspective view of the weather face condensed longitudinally and laterally.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

In roofing embodying the invention, it is desirable to use as much as possible, units of standard construction and dimensions, and to have these units as large as may be conveniently handled in order to reduce the labor of installation, it will readily be appreciated that in the construction of a roof it is neces sary to use sections other than those of stand ard dimensions, particularly at the ends of a roof and at the side eaves thereof. With a straight run of roofing, standard roofing units may be used, however, and by their use the const-uction of a roof may be much expedited.

lVith the above premise, particular reference will be had to the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, in which a portion of a roof structure is shown including standard roofing unit, aspecial filler unit and a special eaves unit.

The standard roofing and special eaves units are fabricated in the shop. The special filler unit is fabricated on the job, since special fitting is required.

Referring first to the standard units, each of these units comprises a roofing sheet or strip composed of a facing 10 of thin sheet metal stock having permanently connected therewith a reinforcing backing or filler 11 composed of any desired plastic or cement, or such a plastic or cement having an aggregate of ashes, granular wood or cork, or some fibrous material which will ensure lightness and strength in the backing or filler, while at the same time imparting heat insulating properties thereto.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the greatest thickness of the sheet or strip is about one and one-eighth inches, while its minimum thickness is about three-quarters of an inch. This variance in he thickness of the sheet or strip at different points thereof is due to the step formation of V the facing sheet.

To ensure permanency in the relation of the facing 10 and the backing or filler 11, l secure adjacent each end of the facing 10, in any desired manner as by spot or other welding methods, an end plate such as 12, and secure to these end plates and to the facing 10, also by spot or other welding methods, webbed reinforcing members 13 serving to resist vertical deflection of different portions of the facing 10, and at the same time afford means to which a. reinforcing metallic mesh 1 1 may be secured in relation to the facing 10,-and by being imbedded in the material of the filler or backing 11, give stability to this material. By this construction, I secure substantial rigidity throughout the unit, and a fairly light roofing unit having water resisting qualities due to the use of the facing 10, and effective heat insulating properties due to the backing or filler 11. The bottom of each end plate 12 is provided with an inwardly bent portion 15 adapted to so engage the filler 11 at this point as to afford an effective support for the filler and minimize likelihood of t 1c breakage of the same, adjacent the ends of the unit.

The facing 10 is provided with outwardly turned integral side webs adapted to cooperate with similar side w-ebs of adjacent units to form standing seams, the opening of which seams is so positioned in relation to the plane of the roof as to prevent the flow of water therethrough from the portion of the facing intermediate said webs. These webs are indicated at 16 and 17 and may be two or three inches in height.

The portion of the facing 10 intermediate the webs 16 and 17 is preferably stepped, as shown, with the two-fold object of interrupting the continuity of the roofing so as to check, to a certain extent, the upward movement of water in case of high winds, to give a decorative finish to the roofing somewhat simi ar to that of ordinary shingles, and to impart transverse 'dity to the unit. and thus permit an increase in the strength and durability thereof while limiting the amount of strengthening material required by way of reinforcement to the facing 10 Each end of each unit, excepting the eaves units, is provided with a member adapted to interlock with a co-operating member upon an adjacent unit, the construction of these interlocking members being such as to provide an effective barrier to the passage of water through the joint between the ends of adjacent units, and at the same time assist in maintaining the desired co-operative relation of the various units of which a roof is composed.

In forming said co-operating, interlocking, weather-proof members, 1 separate the stepped portions of the facing 10 from the adjacent side webs 16 and 17 and form or roll one end of the strip intermediate the side webs forming a slot towards the inner 19 adapted to enter the slot in the keep-er 18 and thus form an effective barrier against the passage of water between the upper end of a lower unit, and the lower end of an upper unit. The space between the tongue 19 and the side webs 16 and 17 is closed by solder or other means.

The portions of the facing 10 used in the formation of the keeper 18 and of the tongue 19 are positioned beyond the end plates 12, and hence of the backing or filler 11. The keeper 18 must be spaced away from the adj acent end plate 12 a distance sufficient to permit the necessary movement of the unit carrying same in relation to the unit carrying the co-operating tongue 19 in engaging and setting these members. The space between the ends of adjacent units may be filled by the workmen during the construction of the roof with cement or other material, which will secure substantial continuity of the roofing as a whole.

The length of the units is preferably such that with ordinary spacing of purlins P, the

adjacent ends of co-operating' units will rest upon a purlin and thus form a suitably closed pocket for the filling material between such units.

The units are held against the pur'lins and in relation to adjacent side units by means of cleats 20 made of thin metal stock, one end of which is so formed as to engage the lower fiange of the purlin. The material of this cleat is turned as shown at 21, so as to permit the other end of the cleat to pass between the webs 16 and 17 of adjacent units, the extreme end of the cleat passing over and engaging a side web 16 or 17.

T'Vhilethe webs 16 and 17 of adjacent units --will have a fairly close fit, nevertheless it 1S spreading of the moulding or binder to facilitate its application to the adjacent side webs with which it co-operates. Projecting from this head upon opposite sides of the slot formed in the bottom thereof are downwardly and outwardly flared skirts 23 and 24 of a length to position them well above the facing 10, thus in addition to deflecting any water falling upon the moulding or binder away from the webs 16 and 17, preventing water from passing, by capillary attraction or otherwise, between the mould ing or binder and the webs, and its seepage across the tops of and between said webs. These mouldings or binde s may be made of any desired length, and may be closed by means of special tools upon the side webs in a manner to assist in retaining the units in position, thus supplementing the action of the cleats 20 and other devices used for securing the roofing to other parts of the roof structure.

The edges of the side webs 16 and 17 pref, erably are formed or bent laterally as at 16a and 17a, these offset portions entering the head of the moulding or binder 22 and serving to prevent the accidental lifting of the moulding or binder. They also serve as reinforcements for the webs.

The above construction applies to standardized units, special units as heretofore stated, being used in the eaves section of the roof and at the sides of the roof adjacent the coping when such are used. The eaves section itself is constructed the same as the standard unit sections with the exception that the facing 10'is separated from the side webs 16 and 17 for a considerable distance beyond the end of the filler l1, and the portion of the facing intermediate the side webs 16 and 17 is bent across the end of the filler as shown at 25 and below the filler 11 as shown at 26 with the portion of the facing adjacent the edge thereof bent at right angles as shown at 27 so as to permit it to be attached to the framing A of the building by nails or otherwise, thus protecting the facia by the sheet metal. These sections may be made in their entirety in the shop of different standard lengths to meet different requirements, or workmen on the job may remove the filler, cut the metal of the facing and form it in the manner described. It is preferable to make this section in the shop. The means for securing the portion 25 to the framing of the building will also assist in securing the roofing to the other parts of the roof structure.

Each side or filler section comprises a continuous strip of sheet metal 28, one edge of which is adapted to form a flashing at the coping, and the other edge of which is proided with a side web 29 corresponding in construction with the'side webs 16 and 17. The intermediate portion of the strip 28 forms the bottom of the unit and is adapted to receive a plastic filling material like that used in the filler 11, indicated at 30 in the drawings, and webs 31 and wire reinforcement 32 corresponding with the webs 13 and reinforcement 14: in the other units. Between the flashing section of the strip 28 and the side web 29, a stepped sheet metal facing section 10a is secured as by means of soldering, this facing section resting upon the cementitious filler. The facing 10a of each filler section .is connected with an adjacent filler section by co-operating interlocking members like the members 18 and 19 used upon the standard units. When positioning the facingsheet lOa,t-he filler 11a will be sufficiently plastic to permit the proper positioning of this sheet and the proper density of the mass of filler in the completed section.

In conjunction with units heretofore described, I provide a ridge cap 33 formed of sheet metal and having openings 34: therethrough to receive the mouldings or binders 22. This cap is secured in relation to the ridge in any desired manner as by means of lag screws 35, and serves merely as a shield to with different forms of roofing, serve merely to prevent the lifting of the ridge cap.

The side webs 16 and 17 adjacent the interlocking members 18 and 19 extend beyond the facing 10 to any desired extent, so as to form a lap joint at the facia, and the seams about the interlocking members may be closed in any desired manner as by means of solder.

The end and bottom of the eaves section forming the facia will have only the metal facing exposed, and the ends of the side webs 16 and 17 may be extended beyond the upper facing of the eaves section to any de sired extent to permit the formation of a lap joint at this point.

The units toward the peak of the roof must be cut and fitted so as to make a fairly tight joint between those upon one side and those upon the other side of the peak.

lVith the use of roofing as herein described, the labor cost of installation not only will be very much reduced, as the amount of fitting and soldering required will be small, as compared with ordinary roofing methods, because of the size of the units and the use of the mouldings or binders, and peak caps for clos ing the main seams.

Throughout roofing embodying the invention, there is no puncturing of the metal facings as when nails are used, and consequently there is no possibility of the formation of leaks as the result of rusting about openings for nails or other securing means. IVhile the ridge cap is secured in position by means passing therethrough, as the lag screws 35, a weather tight joint about these screws may be formed by soldering orotherwise. Likelihood of leakage about the nails securing the facing strip at the facia to the building framing is absent or negligent.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown, and have herein described, fairly heavy roofing material, the thickness of the units described being desirable because of the heat insulating properties of the filler 11- 11a, it being understood that much lighter roofing embodying the invention may be used if desired by employing a shallower filler, although such a practice sacrifices some of the heat insulating properties of the roofing and lessens the rigidity of the various units.

Each unit herein referred to consists of a backing of heat insulating material having a weather face of sheet metal having side webs extending upwardly of the facing and away from the backing. The backing is secured to the facing by means of metallic reinforcements imbedded in the backing and permanently secured to the facing by means of end plates depending from the facing. The facing has no side plates and the unit has neither side nor bottom plates, the backin g being exposed on both edges and throughout the bottom thereof. The term facing as herein used means a top or weather facing for the insulating material.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the precise details of construction shown in the drawings, it being apparent that such may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, is

1. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, and means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

2. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof, a backing of cement and an aggregate of light weight, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, and means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

3. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material, end plates secured to said facing, reinforcing members secured to, and extending between, said end plates, a reinforcing mesh secured to said reinforcing members, said reinforcing members and said mesh being imbedded in said backing, and means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

4:. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing of cement and an aggregate of light weight, end plates secured to said facing, reinforcing members secured to, and extending between,

I insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, and means co-operating with said s de webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

6 Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extending outwardly thereof, interlocking operating with said members formed upon the opposite ends of the facing of said unit and adapted to en-- gage co-operating locking members upon an adjacent unit, a backing of heat insulating 1 material, end plates secured to said facing,

reinforcing members secured to, and extend ing between, said end plates, a reinforcing mesh secured to said reinforcing members, said reinforcing members and said mesh b ing imbedded in said backing, and means coside webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

7. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal. facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof, a bacl ing of heat insulating mate rial, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said back ing, means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position, and a moulding adapted to be mounted upon the side webs of adjacent units and close the seam between said side webs.

8. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extending outwardly thereof, interlocking members formed upon the opposite ends of the facing of said unit and adapted to en gage co-operating locking members upon an adjacent unit, a backing of heat insulating material, end plates secured to said facing,

reinforcing members secured to, and eXtending between, said end plates, a reinforcing mesh. secured to said reinforcing members, said reinforcing members and said mesh being imbedded in said backing, means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position, and a moulding adapted to be mounted upon the side webs of adjacent units and close the seams between said side webs.

9. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position, and a moulding having a head adapted to receive the top edges of the side webs of adjacent units and close the seam between same, and laterally and outwardly. flared skirts upon opposite sides of said head, said skirts terminating above said sheet metal facing.

10-. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof, a keeper at one end of said unit formed of the material of said facing intermediate said side webs and presenting a slot beneath said facing, and a tongue formed at the other end of said facing, said keeper and said tongue respectively being adapted to interlock with a co-operating tongue and keeper upon adjacent units, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said. facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, and means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

11. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof, a keeper at one end of said unit formed of the material of said facing intermediate said side webs and presenting a slot beneath said facing, and a tongue formed at the other end of said facing, said keeper and said tongue respectively being adapted to interlock with a cooperating tongue and keeper upon adjacent units, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding side welbs of adjacent units and close the .seam between same, and laterally and outwardly flared skirts upon opposite sides of said head, said skirts terminating above said sheet metal facing.

12. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof. a backing of heat insulating; material. metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing. means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position. and a. metallic ridge cap adapted to be secured to the ridge of a roof and to shield the seam between units upon opposite sides of the peak.

13. Roofing embodying" therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof. end plates secured thereto and extending inwardly thereof. a. backing of heat insulating material. metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said end. plates and imbedded in said backing. means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position. a moulding having a head adanted. to receive the top edges of the side webs of adjacent units and close the seam between same. and laterally and outwardly flared skirts upon opposite sides of said head having skirts terminating above said sheet metal facing. the skirts upon a unit adjacent the peak of a roof having; slots therein, and a ridge cap having openings therein adapted to fit the head of the moulding: and pass through said openings in the skirts thereof. said ridge cap being adapted to be secured to the ridge of a roof and to shield the seam between units upon opposite sides of the peak.

14. In roofing, the combination with units each consisting of a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing and imbedded in said backing, and means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position, of eave sections each comprising a sheet metal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing and imbedded in said backing, means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding said section in position, and an extension of the facing projecting beyond said backing and bent to cover the exposed edge and the bottom thereof, and to afford means forattaching the edge of the extension to the framing of a building.

15. In roofing the combination with units each consisting of a sheet metal facing having side'webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing and imbedded in said backin and means co-operating with .said side webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position, of filler sections each comprising a continuous strip of sheet metal having one edge bent to form a flashing, and the other edge bent to form a side web, a facing strip secured to said flashing and to said side web. heat insulating" material between said facing strip and said sheet metal strip, metallic reinforcement means imbedded in said heat insulating material. and means co-operating' with said side web and with the purlins for holding said section in position.

In witness whereof I have hereunto af fixed my signature, this 7th day of September, 1926.

GEORGE L. BENNETT.

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