US1845992A - High speed single current relay - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 16, 1932. R J. WISE 1,845,992

HIGH SPEED SINGLE CURRENT RELAY Filed July 9, 1929 3 Sheets-$heet l Zinnentor 'Jzazegh J Vi (Ittorneg I I I HIGH SPEED SINGLE CURRENT RELAY Filed July 9, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 (Ittqrneg Snoenfor Feb. 16, 1932. R J, 155

HIGH SPEED SINGLE CURRENT RELAY Filed July 9, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Feb. 16, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RALEIGH J. WISE, OF PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO THE WESTERN UNI N TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF NEW YORK,

N. Y., A. CORPORATION 01! NEW YORK HIGH SPEED SINGLE CURRENT RELAY Application filed July 9, 1929. Serial No. 876,988.

Thisinvention relates to a single current electromagnetic relay, that is, to a relay which operates by virtue of the magnitude of the current irrespective of the direction thereof,

5 and. more particularly to a magnetic relay in'whdch the travel time of the contact arm between the stationary contacts, is short.

In the usual relay construction there is an appreciable interval of time between the instant when the movable contact leaves one of the stationary contacts and the instant it makes contact with the opposite stationary contact. This is a serious objection in the use of the relay especially in connection with to the operation of duplex telegraph systems,

for insance, wherein it is essential that the shortest ihle interval of time shall elapse between is removed from l and the instant the 239 opposite of cattery or the ground connection, substituted therefor and to avoid such dificulty it is common practice to employ some form of continuity preserving contacts in conjunction with the relay. $5 This relatively slow movement of the armature which carries the contact arm is due mainly to the high moment of inertia of the armature and to the slow and incomplete magnetization and demagnetization of the 39 magnet core. The rate of magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic core is dependent upon a number of factors, such as,

the residual magnetism in the core, flux, leak age, eddy currents, etc.

It is one of the objects of the present invention to overcomethese difficulties and to produce a single current relay in which the travel time of the contact arm between the stationary contacts will be short.

Another object is to'produce a high speed relay in which the magnetic circuit will be rapidly and more completely magnetized and demagnctized.

Another object is to reduce the flux leakage,

and the residual magnetism in the magnetic circuit and eliminate eddy current efi'ects.

A further object is to provide a convenient adjustment of the air gap between the arma ture and the magnetic pole faces.

' A still further object is to provide a conie instant one polarity of batteryvenient adjustment of the tension of the retractile armature biasing spring.

Other objects and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In accordance with my invention I reduce the moment of inertia of the armature by directly mounting the same at one end, adjacent the yoke of the magnet, so that in place of the usual bodily movement of the armature, it has pivoted movement only about such end, no extra metal other than composing the armature itself with its contact arm and the pivot, being required to be moved in re sponse to the operating current. The armature is also shaped at the free end to eliminate all unnecessary metal. and the switch arm which projects beyond the armature is preferahly composed of a light material, such as aluminum.

in order to still further reduce the resistance to movement of the armature it is moun ed upon jeweled bearings independently of the yoke of the magnet.

The demagnetization of the magnetic core is rendered more rapid by interposing an auxiliary air gap in the core. In the embodi ment of the invention disclosed this gap is provided between the pivoted end of the ar mature and the yoke and in order that such gap will not unduly increase the reluctance maintain the exposed surfaces at the ends of the armature small so that there is only a limited area available from which flux leakage may take place. Decreasing the self induction of the coil contributes to increased speed ofoperation as will be readily appreciated. Reduction of the leakage flux also increases the useful flux available.

The armature, due to its pivoted mountin I may readily be laminated, thus reducing ed y cunents and residual magnetism since eddy currents vary in intensity with changes in the amplitude of the received impulse, the

elimination of eddy current effects tends towards more uniform operating conditions of the relay. 4

' In order that the invention may fully-understood reference will be be more Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a'relay embodymg my invention, showing the frontof the instrument;

' Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the relay showing theadjustable yoke supporting plate;

Fi 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 Ofllllglllfi 1;

Fi 4 is a sectional view on the line 4-4 of Figure 3;

purpose of comparison.

My improved relay comprises a suitable base plate 10 having the relay magnet 11 and the stationary rela contacts 12 and 13 independently mounte thereon so as to ermit 135 separate and relative adjustment these P members. I

The relay magnet comprises the U-shaped laminated iron yoke 14, laminated armature 15 and a coil 16, the coil being disposed about the armature 15. The laminations comprising' the yoke 14 are clamped between nonmagnetic side pieces 17, preferably of brass and the yoke is rigidly supported upon posts 18 and 19 carried by an adjustable base or turntable 20. The coil 16 is supported from the yoke 14 by metal clamps 21 in such position as to surround the armature 15, the opening in the coil being suficiently large to perarmature.

"in order to increase the rapidity and completeness of the demagnetization of the magnetic core andmaintain a uniform air gap between the pivoted end of the armature and the yoke in each position of the armature, the pivoted end 22 thereof is rounded and disposed within a concentric recess 23 in the yoke. One or more of the laminations of the armature may be extended both rearwardly and forwardly thereof to form the contact arm 24 andthe tail piece 25, but I prefer to form the contact arm of a light non-magnetic material such as aluminum. The tail piece is flexed upwardly at 26 to clear the side of 65 the yoke. The armature is supported by a ad to the m accompanying drawings, in which;

mit the required pivotal movement of the neeaeea vertical pivot 27 mounted in jeweled bearings 28 provided in theoppositely dis osed arms of a U-shaped bracket 29 carrie from the plate 20 by the post 30. The contact arm operates between the stationary contacts 12 and 13 and is normally biased towards one of the contacts 12, which may be the spacing contact, by a spr ng 31 attached .to the tail piece 25. l v

The plate 20 upon which the relay magnet is carried is secured to the base by a pin 32 which permits limited rotation thereof under the actionof a cam 33. The cam 33' bears against an inclined face 34 forming one side of a substantially V-shaped slot in the plate and moves the plate and relay magnet assembly against the tension of a rectractile spring 35, the opposite ends of which are secured to a pin 36 extendin from the plate and a fixe The cam 33, as shown, consists of an eccentric portion of a vertical shaft 38 hearing at its op osite ends in the base 10 and in a bridge mem er 39 supported over the relay magnet by the brackets 40.

Rotation of the shaft 38 permits a convenient adjustment of the pole face of the oke relative to the armature. A dial'41w ich may be of any suitable form,.is provided on the shaft 38 for convenience in operating the pin 37 exten ng from the base same. Rotation of the shaft in either direction is limited by a pin 42 projectin from the bridge member 39 into the path 0 a stop 1n 43- projecting radially from the hub of the dial l1.

A second dial 44 is also provided on the bridge member 39, the function of which is to provide a convenient adjustment of the tension of the retractile spring 31. This adjustment is accom lished through the following mechanism. lever 45 having one end bent in the form of a bail 46, is pivoted by a pin 47 below the bridge member 39, one arm 48 of the lever extending rearwardly and having one end of the retractile spring 31 attached thereto. The arm 48'has a; pin 49 extending upwardly therefrom in such position as to be engaged by a cam 50 forming part of or mounted upon a shaft 51 bearin in the bridge member 39 and to which the dlal 44: is secured.

Rotation of the cam 50 through the dial 4 1 causes the lever 45 to be rotated about its pivot to increase or decrease the tension of the spring 31. Rotation of'the dial is limited by the stop pins 52 and 53.

The shafts 38 and 51 are maintained in their adjusted positions, against accidental movement, by a leaf spring 54: supported bcneath the bridge member 39 by a stud 55. Oneend of the spring 54 is disposed in an annular recess 56 in the shaft 38, and exerts a pressure a ainst the'shaft to resist rotation thereof. T e opposite end of the spring is th v increasi in conjunction with shown inFigure 8 in which the .1,e4a,eea f bears against the shaft 51 through an open- 41 is turned to rotate the yoke to'the' limit in 57 m a spacing collar 58. v of its movement toward the armature. The

e stationary contacts 12 and 13 havin threaded shanks 59, are mounted in the usua 6 manner in two split blocks 60 and 61 supported in spaoedrelation by an insulating member 62. I v

The base plate 10 is secured to the usual insulating mounting 63 having contacts 64 1 10 to which the terminals of the coil 16,- con tact arm 24 an stationary contacts 12 and 13 are connected by insulated'conductors 65. Referring now to Figures 7 and 8 it will be noted that the concentric urra cess, 23 provides a uniform air gap of rela tively large area inthe magnetic circuit, thusdemagnetization without unduly the reluctance.

1 mcreasmg Furthermore,

this air face of the magnet completel isolates the armature from contact with the through magnetic material and limits the flux leakage to the small area'of magnetic metal exposed beyond the ends of thejcoil 16, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 7. The flux leakage is dependent upon the exposed area of the surface of small as compared'to the usual t ed th k 1 mg th expoeed ismouallh upon eyoe ea v e are arms 66 available for flux leakage.

A common form of armature mounting is shown'in Fi re 8 in which the armature is ivoted in e forked end 67 .of-the yoke in irect metallic contact therewith. It should be noted that in accordance with my invention I have mounted the armature of the relay independentl of the yoke in the jeweled bearings 28. This independent mounting enables a much more delicate and better bearing to be obtained than is the space limitation imposed when the armature 1S pivoted to the relay yoke.

e free end of the armature is cut off at an angleas indicated at 68 in order to re-- duce t e moment of inertia of the armature and to reduce the area thereof, which is available for flux leakage. The contact arm 24 being composed of nonmagnetic metal there is 'no leakage from the extended ends thereof. I The armature pivot 27 is disposed in alignment with the ivot 32 of the turntable or plate 20, asis ear from Figures 4 and 5, thus eliminating any longitudinal shifting of the yoke relative to the armature during adjustment of the air gap and hence maintaining the-pro ture opposite t all times. I

In adjusting the armature air gap and the spring tension for the best operation of the relay under the required conditions the dial e'pole face of the yoke at ment of e pivoted endof the armature n the re-- ng'the rapidity and oompletene'ssof the air gap at the pole relay yoke the core and is very possible with of the exposed end i r positioning of the arma justed to such a position that there will be a slight air gap between the armature and I the pole face'ofthe yoke when the relay is energized. In pract ce this gap is usually .made about .002 inches. With this'preliminary adjustment the armature air gapmay .increased as operating conditions require. Thus for instance under marginal operation, the gap should" be adjusted to obtain the maximum armature force for the operating range of current. Due ance. along the line, the current in the relay coils does. not fallto zero upon opening of duced in magnitude. e amount 0 7, the

reduction in the current margin of, operation andv since this varies from time to timedue to weather and atmospheric conditions itis rpl ent adjustments of the air gap as well as t e tension of the retractile spring 31.

A function of the spring 31 is, therefore, to bias the armature :5 current. After the usted tolobtain the in force for the then existin tions', the biasing s by the dial 44 so t released when the current in the relay coil is reduced below the normal line current and also to obtain the least signal distortion.

Due to the osition of the adjusting dials on the top of t e instrument, they are readily accessible even thou h the instrument be spaced close to the ot er apparatus.

While I have described my invention with articular reference to an electro-magnet reay, it is to be understood that it is not so limited but many features hereof are applicable to electro-magnetic motor apparatus of various natures and that many 0 anges and modifications may be made in the invention without departing therefrom, and therefore I do not desire to be limited to the particular details shown and described except in accordance with the appended claims.

at is claimed is: 1. An electro-magnetic device comprising a yoke having a recess therein and an armaturehaving an end pivoted in said recess, the pivoted end of the armature being spaced from the walls of said recessby a non-magnetic gap.

ir gap has been marginal condiring tension is adjusted 2. An electro-magnetic device comprising a yoke having a recess therein and armature {having one end pivoted in said recess, the pivoted end of the armature being shaped to the transmittingfci'rcuit but is merel re-v necessary to make frcagainst this 1ineleak-- to leakage conductbelowpth e. normal operating current determines therange or 'mum armature .1 at the armature will be correspond with the shape of the recess and being spaced therefrom by a substantially uniform gap of non-magnetic material.

v area and isolated from said yoke v 3. An elec'tro-magnetic device comprising a yoke having a substantial semi-cylindrical ,recess therein and an armature having one I end shaped to correspond to said recess p1voted in said r.ecess,-said end being disposed concentric with the walls of the recess and spaced therefrom by a non-magnetic gap.

4. An electro-magnetic device comprising stituting the sole magnetizing means for said device, the exposed ends of the armature beyond the ends of saidwinding-bein of small y a nonmagnetic gap." q i 6. An electro-magnetic device comprising a U-shaped yoke having a recess therein, an

armature havin one end pivoted in said re-.

cess and extending across said yoke and an energizing winding encircling said arma-v ture, the pivoted end of said armature being spaced from the walls of said recess by a non- I magnetic gap.

7. An electro-magnetic device comprising a yoke having a recess therein and an armature composed of laminations having one end pivoted in said recess, the pivoted end of said armature being spaced from the walls of said recess by a non-magnetic gap.

8. An electro-magnet1c relay comprising a U-shaped yoke, an armature extending across the ends of said yoke and pivoted to one end thereof and an energizing winding encircling said armature, the free end of the armature being reduced in area adjacent the end of the yoke, whereby the available area for flux leakage is decreased and the moment ofinertia of the armature reduced, and a switch arm composed of non-magnetic'material carried by said armature.

9. An electro-magnetic relay comprising an armature, a yoke and an energizing winding, a supporting plate therefor, means for mounting the armature and yoke independently of'each other u on said plate, a station-v ary contact, means or maintaining the armature in a definite position relative to said contact and means for moving said plate to adjust the yoke with respect to the armature.

10. An electro-magnetic relay comprising an armature, a yoke and an energizing winda supporting plate therefor, means for ing,

the armature and .yoke independmounting ently of each other upon said plate, a stationary contact, means formaintaming the armature in a definite positlon relatlve to said contact and a cam' associated with said plate for rotating the same to adjust the yoke with respect to the armature.

11. An electro-magnetic relay having a relay assembly comprising an armature, a yoke and an energizing winding, a supporting.

plate for sai assembly, means for mountin said armature and yoke independently 0 each other upon said plate, a support disposed above said relay armature and means on said support for adjusting the yoke relative to the armature.

12. An electro-magnetic relay having a relay assemblycomprising an armature, a oke and an energizing winding, a supporting plate for said assembly, means for mounting the armature and yoke independently of each other upon said plate, a stationary contact, means for maintaining said armature in a definite position relative to said contact, a support disposed above said relay assembly and means on said su port 'for rotating said 'plateto adjust the yo e relative to the armature.

13. An electro magnetic relay having a re:

lay assembly comprising an armature, a yokeand an energizing winding, a supporting plate for said assembly, means for mounting the armature and yoke independently of each other upon said plate, a switch arm carried for biasing said switch arm towardssaid stationary contact, a sup ort disposed above port for adjusting said biasing means.

14. An electro-magnetic relay having a relay assembly comprising .an armature, a yoke and an energizing winding, a supporting plate for said assembly, means for mounting said armature and yoke upon said plate, a switch arm carried by said armature a stationary contact, a support disposed above saidrelay assembly, a lever pivoted on said support, a retractile spring connected to an end of said lever and said switch arm for biasing said arm towards said stationary contact and means on'said support for moving said lever to vary the tension of said spring.

15. An electro-magnetic relay having a relay assembly comprising an armature, a yoke and an energizingwinding, a supporting .by the armature, a stationary contact,- means said relay assembly an means on said supture and independent means mounted on said support for adjusting said biasing means.

16. An electro-magnetic relay having a relay assembly comprising an armature, a yoke and an energizing winding, a supporting plate for said armature, a base, means for pivotally mounting said supportin plate upon said base and means for indepen ently pivotally mounting said armature on said plate, 10 said plate and armature being pivoted about substantially the same axis.

17. An electro-magnetic relay having a r lay assembly comprising an armature, a yoke and an energizing winding and means ior 15 pivot-ally mounting said armature and said yoke independently of each other about substantially the same axis.

- 18. An electro-magnetic device comprising a U-shaped yoke, an armature extending be- 7 2 tween the ends of said yoke, and an energizing winding encircling the armature, the major portion of the armature being contained within the confines of said winding, the exposed ends of the armature extending 25 short distances only beyond the winding and teiiiminating closely ad acent the ends of the yo e.

In testimony whereof I aflix my si ature.

RALEIGH J. ISE. 30

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