US182057A - Improvement in furnaces for steam-boilers - Google Patents

Description

ZSheets-She'etL J. W. BONITA. FURNACEFOR STEAM BOILER. N0,18Z.,O57, Patented Sept.12,1`875.

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JAMES w. BONTA, OE' New BRIGHTON, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNOR To 's BONTA nURNAon cGMP-ANY, on HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEM ENT' IN.` FU RN'EACES FQR STEAMH-BOILERS..

Specification forming-part of Letters'Patent No. 18,2.;057, dated September 12, 1876; application filed.

A May 25, 1876.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it 4known that I, BONTA, of New Brighton, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Furnaces for Steam;

Boilers, of "which the following` is a specification:

My improvements, which' relate to the construction of furnaces for steam -boilers, are designedto promote economy in; the consump- `tion of fuel.` They accomplish thisobjectby aiordin g facilities for regulating and-icontrolling the fire, and insuringipcrfect'and complete combustion without cooling the furnace by the introduction ofran excessive quantity of cold air, and without the use of drafts of 'air open at the bottom and' perforated'near thel top, automatically feeds coal upon the gratesurface as the fuel thereon `burns away, and discharges gas into the upper part ofthe firechamber for ignition at that point 5 secondly, a` water-jacketv surrounding my magazine rei tort within the fire-chamber, and connected with Vthe'water-space of the boiler, and thus adding alarge area of available heating-surface; thirdly,in connection with lthe magazine and retort, a' closed ash-pit, provided withan induction pipe or pipes for supplying a jet or jets of steam or air,"or both; fourthl'y, a supplementary combustiomchamber, or a prolongation 'of-the flrechamber," provided with an induction pipe or pipes for admittingan additional `quantity -of oxygen, either in' the form of air or steam, or both; Atlfthly, a fire brick damper of peculiar construction, consti`- tuting the outerwall of the supplementary combustion-chamber, and serving to `reiiec't the aming gases against that portion of the i boiler constituting the inner or oppositelwall of the supplementary combustion# chamber. These devices may be usefully employed either separately or two or more of them in combi nation with each other.

Thesubjoined description explains their apy plication' to a `locomotive,"and suflicientlyin: dicates e how they can be applied to a stationary boiler.

The accompanying drawings are as follows; Y Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal lsection of a locomotive boiler and lfurnace with my invention applied thereto,` Figi 2 is a transverse vertical section through the line a:

mon Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a transverse verticaly section'through Vthe line y y on Fig. `l, show#` `ingthe inner side'of the tire-brick wall'of the supplementary combustion-chamber. Fig. l is a `front view ofthe iire-brick damper-valve, together with the mechanism for rotating it, to'open and close the damper-openings. Fig. 5 is a plan of lthe rack and segmental pinion, by which the fire-brick damper-valve is operated. Figs. 6and 7 represent details 'exhibit-- ing the construction o f the perforated fir-'ebrick damper-wall.

s Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that they represent the ordinary locomotiveboiler A,"having the usual nre-chamber B, the tubes U, the smoke-chamber D, the ash-pit E, and grate F; The ash-pit is closed, and is provided with a door, e, which tightly fits an opening, through which the contents ofthe ash-pit may be removed. Fuel is supplied to the furnace fromthe coal-magazine G the ex# ternal mouthof which is closed by the tight-4 itting door g.

lt will be seen that the portion of the coalmagazine within the iire-chamberis incased in the water-jacket k lt,`which is connected with the boiler by means of the pipes and on, and is also connected with the water-space Bl in the front wallof the fire-chamber. These connections of the water-jacket withthe water?. body ofthe boiler at variable elevations insure a constant circulation of water in the jacket when there is re in the furnace, and this device aii'ordsa large additional heating-surface. The upper part ofthe coal-magazine within the fire-chamber is provided with one or more perforations, un', for the purpose of` permitting the escape from themagazine of gasesgencrated from the coal therein contained. A convenient mode of providing theseV perforations is by the use of hollow stay-bolts, 'one of which is shown at a. The ashpit E is provided with one or more injection-pipes, f, for the admission of blasts orjets-of air or steam, or both. Additional injection-pipesf2 and f3 are inserted in the furnace-wall a s hort distance above the grate, as shown, for admitting similar blasts or jets at that point, if desired.

A short "distancefrom the tube-sheet at the front end ot' the locomotive .is a vertical perforated fire-brick wall, K, and the space between this wall and the tube-sheet constitutes the supplementary combustion-chamber L. The perforations in thewall K are closed or opened by the rotating perforated fire-brick 'disk I. The latter is under the control of the engineer in the cab, being operated by means of the rod a, connected kwith the segmental pinion b, which engages the rack c on the 'outervend of the slide-bar c', the inner end of which is pvoted to the iron frame of the valvedisk L The segment-al pinion b has its vbearings in the projecting wing d, which isafxed to the side of the boiler A. The perforations o in the tire-brick wall K have the same "position with relation to each other as the perforations in the valvefdisk I, so that by rotating the valve-disk the respective perforations may be made to coincide in positionor other- Wlse.

'lrhe perforated 'wall K and disk I, as constructed and arranged, constitute a damper, the inner face of which reects the aming gases in the combustion-chamber against the tube-sheet of the boiler. I therefore designatethe described structure as a reflectordamper. In its construction re-clay, soapstone, porcelain, or other similar material may besub'stituted for lire-brick. The Wall K consists offour segments of tire-brick, or other suitablemateriah set in an iron frame, which is secured to the shell of the boiler. This frame consists ot' an iron ring having two or more iron cross-bars intersecting each other in the center of the ring, and affording a bearf ing at that point for the pivot upon which the disk I revolves.

The disk I is composed of a similar iron frame, supporting four tlat segmentsof lireloricks. Each of the segments of the wall K has substantially the shape indicated in Figs. A' 6 and 7, by reference to which it Will be seen j that the supportingframe is wholly covered by .tl1e'iire-bricks, and that each segment S is i provided With a laterally-projectin g flange, S',

which titsl around and shields the periphery Iof the supplementary combustion-chamber L, as shown in Fig. 1.

The object of this reflector-damper is to enable the engineer to properly adjust and regulate the passage lfor the exit of the nitrogen- ,ous or incombustible contents of thefurnace with relation to the quantity of air or steam injected into the furnace. It will, of course,

be understood that the various injection-pipes are connected with an ordinary blower or airwith the reiiector-damper, or for independent use when the reflector-damper is allowed to remain more or less open.

In a locomotive provided with all my improvements the exhaust-pipes may be carried to the top of the smoke-stack, as the exhaust is notrequired for assisting the draft. By this means there is always'a free exit for the exhaust steam, and, therefore, no loss of power by the existence of back pressure upon the piston arising from the choking of the exhaust.

It willbe seen that the portion of my invention embracing the combined coalmagazine and retort may be used in connection With a furnace having the ordinary draft-openings; or it may be used in connection with a closed ash-pit and induction-pipes for the supply ot' prescribed quantities of oxygen. In either event, theoperation of this part of my invention isv as follows: The magazine is lled with coal, and the tightttingdoor -g being closed to preventlhe escape ot' gases at that point, the fuel is ignited upon the grate-bars.` As it burns away, its place is supplied by fuel which falls from the magazine by its own gravity. As the fuel Within the magazine is heated inflammable vapor or gases are generated, Which are discharged through the apertures n n into the upper part of the fire-cham,- ber, where they are exposed to. ignition. The coal is thus partially coked prior to its discharge from the magazine. By this means the fuel is partially decomposed, and is delivered from the magazine-retort in favorable condition for complete combustion.

It' the magazine-retort is incased in the water-jacket 7c a large additional area of heatingsurfaceis rendered available, and by means of the various connections of the water-jacket with the water-spaces a constant circulation of the water contained in the water-jacket is maintained, which materially assists in heating tlie water-body in the boiler. When the magazine-retort is arranged for use in combination with the closed ash-pit and inj ection-pipes for the.-introduction of/prescribed quantitiesof;i oxygen, either in the form of air or steam, or both, the engineer injects into the ash-pit' or fire-chamber, or both, more or less air or steam, according to the requirements of the occasion. If he requires less heat, instead of banking his fire he reduces the supply'ofoxygen. Ifhe requires additional heat heiner'eases the supply of oxygen, taking care not to exceed the quantity required for combustion and for the displacement and expulsionof the nitrogenous or incombustible lcontents of. the lire-chamber. The induction-pipe f1 delivers a supply of oxygen in favorable position for immediate mixture with the gases discharged' fromthe retort.

It will, of course, be understood that in case of a :fire-chamber of different shape from that shown, the position of the induction-pipe f1 will be varied according to the position occupied by the gases generated in, and discharged from, the magazine-retort, the object of the induction-pipe 4f1 being to introduce an additional supply of oxygen for mixture with the gases generated in the retort to insure their complete combustion. In the locomotive-boiler `which I have described this principle is further carried out by the establishment of the supplementarycombustion-chamber,which is also provided with the induction-pipes for supplying oxygen at that point.

The supplementary combustion chamber contributes a new element to the structure in the reilectordamper, which constitutes its outer wall` the reflector-damper performing the double function of reiiecting the flaming gases against the tube-sheet of the boiler, and affording the engineer a means of controlling and adjusting the area of the outlet for the incombustiblecontents of thefurnace. By means of these devices the engineer is enabled to insure in the furnace a constant supply of oxygen, accurately graduated in quantity to the requirements of the occasion. He is enabled to feed the furnace by depositing fuel in the external mouth of the coal-magazine without being under the necessity of opening a furnacedoor, and thereby permitting a large influx of cold air into the fire-chamber. By the use of the damper M in the smoke-stack irijconnection with the reflector-damper the engineer is enabled 'to still more accurately regulate the outlet for the unconsumable contents of the furnace.

I claim as my invention in a furnace for heating steam-boilers- 1. A combined coal-magazine and retort, partially contained within the fire-chamber, open at the bottom, terminating a short distanceabove the grate-surface, having perforations in its upper wall within the fire-chamber, and an external mouth outside the firechamber, provided with a tight-fitting door, for the purpose of containing and automatically delivering coal upon the grate-surface, after having subjected the coal to the heat of the furnace, whereby the coal is partially cokedl prior to its delivery to the re, and the gases evolved in the process of coking are discharged from the upper portion ofthe magazine-retort into the fire-chamber, in suitable position for contributing by their ignition lto the heating of the boiler.

2. A magazine-retort, substantially such as described, in combination with a closed ashthe lire-chamber, in suitable position for immediate mixture with the gases generated and discharged from the retort, substantially as described.

4. A magazine-retort, substantially such as described, surrounded within the lire-chamber by a water-jacket connected at variable elevations with the water-body of the boiler by means of suitable pipes, substantially as described.

5. A tire-chamber, provided with a magazine-retort, substantially such as described, in combination with a supplementary combustion-chamber, provided with induction-pipes for supplying the said supplementary combustion-chamber with oxygen, either in the form of air or steam, or both.

6. The tube-sheet of a boiler, in combination Vwith the fire-brick reflector-damper, provided with mechanism whereby the damper may be opened and closed, substantially as described.

7. A perforated fire-brick wall, constituting the outer boundary of a supplementary combustion-chamber, substantially such as described, in combination with a flue or smokestack damper, substantially as described.

8. A steam-boiler furnace having a closed 1 ash-pit, provided with an induction-pipe, and a lire-chamber, also provided with an induction pipe or pipes, a magazine-retort, substantially such as described, a supplementary combustion-chamber having a pipe or pipes for the admission of oxygen therein, and an external perforated nre-brick wal1,provided with a perforated rotating fire-brick disk, the whole constructed and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

JAMES W. BON'IA.

Witnesses:

S. R. BowMAN, EDWIN A. ALGER.

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