US1814847A - Circuit interrupting device - Google Patents

Description

July 14, 1931. w. EfPAUL I I CIRCUIT INTERRUPTING DEVICE FiledSept. 20. 1929 Hm .AI-torneg.

Inventor LLLam E. Pal-LL,

Haw/0% 1 a s m n u kw 4 z u m.

Patented my 14, 1931 UNITED STATES PAT-ENT OFFICE WILLIAM E. PAUL, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW .YORK, ASIGNOR 1'0 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A

CIRCUIT INTERRUPTING DE VICE Application filed September 20, 1929. Qertal No. 894,062.

My invention relates to a circuit interrupting'device, and more particularly to contact structure of the fluid-break type wherein pressure developed by an arc is effective to assist in interrupting the current traversing said contact structure.

' The interruption of alternating currents, particularly power currents of considerable magnitude, has been attended by difiiculty, w some of the reasons being that the separating contacts may open at any particular time, as when the current is increasing in value, thereby increasing the persistence of the arc, and that a coolingstream or blast of insulating fluid is not immediately availableacross' thecontacts so separated even in the event that the separation is effected at a decreasing or zero current value.

An object of my invention is the provision of'means associated with the contacts of a fluid-break switch for eitecting separation of cooperating contacts to interrupt an alternating current current value, and 'for effecting a blast or rapid fiow of insulating fluid across the separating contacts in response to the pressure developed by an initial or separate arc.

A. further object of my invention is the provision of arc-extinguishing means incorporated in a fluid-break switch wherein initial opening movement of the switch is effective to produce an initialalc, the pressure developed by the same being regulated and directedso as to move a contact member towards an open circuit position, and to force a body of the insulating fluid between the aforesaid contact member and its cooperating contact. r

' My invention will be more fully set forth in the following description referring to the accompanying drawings, novelty which characterize my invention will be pointed out with particularity in the I claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. 5

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, of circuit interrupting apparatus embodying my invention, and Fig. 2 is a modi- W fication of the structure'shown in Fig.1,

at subst'antially'the point of zero .17 seated at its lower end on and the features of oonrona'rron on NEW YORK As illustrated in Fig. 1, the contact structure of the switch is immersed in an insulatmg liquid 1, such as oil for example, and comprises the usual conductor bushings 2 and 3 within whichthe conductor studs 4 and 5 are disposed. At the lower ends of the bushings, 9. and 3 are mounted housing structures 5 and 6 for the contact structure. The usual bridging member 7 actuated by an operating rod 8 carries at its opposite ends the movable contact members, or studs, 9 and 10 which are adapted to extend through the lower part-of the respective housing structures.

The housing structures as illustrated in the present instance are composed of a number of sections of insulating material clamped or secured together in any suitable manner, and referring more particularly to the housing structure 5 in section, there is provided a iower pressure chamber 11 into which the contacting end of the stud 9 extends through the opening 12 in the lower wall of the housing. A member 13 comprising the upper wall of the chamber is provided with an opening 14 through which one end of a plunger-like conducting member 15 extends so as to be capabie of contacting at one end with the stud 9. The member 15 is provided with a piston element 16 for a purpose hereinafter described and is normally resiliently biased upwardiy to the position shown, as by a spring the wall member 13. The member 13 includes a vertically extending portion which together with a wall member 18 forms a passage 19 leading from the pressure chamber to the upper working side of the piston element 16. The plunger member 15 extends through and is guided by the member 18 for longitudinal reciprocal movement. A suitable vent opening 20 may be provided in the side wall of the housing communicating with the lower side of the piston element in order that the'm'ovement of the member 15 may be regulated solely by the spring 17.

Gooperating contact structure is mounted in the upper part of the housing and comprises a contact element 21 adapted to be controlledas hereinafter described for confooting with the upper end o the pgnducting to;

member 15. The point of contact of these members is located within a nozzle-like passage 22 forming an arcing chute and in direct communication with the pressure chamber 11 through the vertically extending passage 23.

The upper side of the arcing chute comprises a wall member 24 having an opening 25 within which the contact element 21 may freely move. r 1

The contact element 21 forms a, art of a conducting loop comprising the conducting portion 26 connected to the lower end of the stud 4 and a conducting lever 27 connected for relative movement, as by the pivot 28, to the portion 26. The contact element 21 which is mounted at the end'of member 27 is resiliently biased, as by a spring 29, towards the compressed position of the loop, i. e., so that the members 26 and 27 are substantially ar- 20 allel with each other. A resilient mem er,

as the spring 30, may be interposed between members 26 and 27 to serve as shock absorbing or buffer means when the contacting member 15 moves upwardly into engagement with the contact element 21. i

As is well known, the magnetic forces of current traversin an open loop tend to cause expansion of the 00p, or in other words, current flowing in opposite directions in parallel conductors produces magnetic forces tending to repel the conductors from each other. In thelpresent instance, the current in fiowin through the conductor stud 4 and the mem ers 26 and 27 to the contact element' 21, tends to repel the member 27 in a counterclockwise direction about its pivot. This repulsion, however, is resisted b the tension spring 29 which may be suitab y insulated, or may be of high resistance material, so' that it will not shunt an ap reciable amount of current. The tension of t e s ring 29 may be suitably adjusted so that it Is effective by itself to maintain the'contact element 21 in the. osition illustrated during minimum values'of the current but for higher values of the current it will be overcome by the repellent magnetic forces of the loop.

The operation of the device is as follows:-

With the elements in the positions illustrated in the drawings re resentative of the closed circuit position 0 the switch, actuation of the rod 8 to'lower the movable contact members results in an immediate se aration of contact 9 from the lower contacting portion of the member 15. Since operating currents at comparatively high voltages are involved, an initial arc will be drawn between the contact faces so separated which will immediately develop a pressure within. the chamber 11 due to the well known action of the are on an insulating fluid such as oil.

This pressure is communicated at once through the passage 19 to the working side of the piston element 16 to produce a difierential pressure on member 15 and to cause de EZQSSlOIl of the same, the extent of depression ing governed to a certain extent by the spring 17. It will be apparent that immediately upon formation of the initial arc, the contacting member 15 is moved by the pres sure so created so as to follow the movable contact 9 and to prevent the arc from rapidly increasing in length. In other words, since the gaseous pressure developed by the arc is dependent among other things on the arc length, the regulation of the arc length in the manner above described likewise serves to regulate the pressure developed within the chamber 11 and to prevent it from attaining dangerous values. The are is therefore automatically regulated by its own pressure.

The pressure developed within the chamber 11 is likewise communicated by way of the verticalv passage 23 to the arc chute through which it tends to force a cooling stream or blast of the insulating liquid. As the contacting member 15 moves downwardly in response to the pressure developed by the initial arc, the contacting element 21 tends to remain in following engagement there-' with until the spring 29 is eii'ective to overcome the repulsion of the magnetic forces in the above described loop. When the current in the loop is at the maximum part of the cycle it will be apparent that interruption at that point is most difficult, and accdrdingly the contact element 21 is maintained in engagement with its coacting contact surface.

When, however, the current decreases to near its minimum value the spring 29 1s effective ,to overcome the magnetic forces of the loop,

and accordingly snaps the contact element 21 away from the member 15 at substantially the very time when interruption of the current is most easily accomplished. Concurrently therewith, the ressure developed within chamber 11 is e ective to shoot a stream of the oil across the break so formed. This serves to inter-pose a fresh cooling dielectric between the contacting surfaces so as to prevent appreciable dissociation of gases and consequent formation of an arc.

Interruption of the current serves to restore the plunger 15 to its position illustrated in the drawings in which it is biased into good contacting engagement with the contact 21. Closure of the switch is thereupon effected by simply moving the bridging member 7 by its operating rod upwardly to cause engagement of the contacts 9 and 10 with the lower contacting surfaces of the corresponding plunger members. i

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 2 the ressure developed by the initial arc instead of expelling both insulating fluid and gases through'the arcing chute 22, projects only insulating fluid therethrough. The piston member 40 is floatingly mounted within the passage 23, substantially sealing the same, and is movable between the upper and lower imiting shoulders 41 and 42 respectively. Pressure developed within the chamber 11 forces the piston upwardly to project insulating fluid between the separating con- ;acts. When the pressure in chamber 11 has diminished, the piston is returned by gravity or suitable biasing means to its lower position as illustrated. By this construction the hot gases formed by the initial are are kept away from the contacts which are to interrupt the current, thereby maintaining high dielectric strength between the same during separation thereof to prevent formation of an are.

It shall be understood that my invention is not limited to the specific details of construction as illustrated and described, and by way out example, the conducting loop of which the contact 21 forms a part, may comprise any suitable flexible construction capable of operating in the manner described.

What it claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. Circuit interrupting apparatus of the fluid-break type comprising relatively movable contacts, means for eflecting in response to opening movement of one of said contacts a break for drawing an initial are, and means for subsequently efi'ecting opening movement of another of said contacts at substantially a minimum current value to form a second break, the pressure developed by the initial are being effective to force-a stream of cooling insulating fluid across the last-named break.

2. Circuit interrupting apparatus of the liquid-break type comprismg a movable contact, a conducting member normally in engagement therewith, said contact and conducting member being immersed in' an insulating liquid, means resiliently biasing said member away from said contact member, and means for directing the pressure developed by the are formed upon separation of said contact and said member to cause flow of insulating liquid across a second arc in series therewith to interrupt the circuit, the aforesaid pressure likewise acting on said conducting member against said resilient means to regulate the length of the firstnamed are.

3. In a fluid-break switch, contact structure comprising a movable contact, a movable conducting member including a difi'erential piston normally in engagement therewith whereby initial opening movement of the switch is efiective to draw an are between said contact and the conducting member within a pressure chamber, and means for directing the pressure developed by said are to cause movement of said member towards said contact to prevent excessive lengthening of the arc and to effect flow of insulating fluid across anotherarc in series with said firstnamed arc to interrupt the circuit.

4. In a fluid-break switch, contact structure comprising relatively movable contacts, a. movable conducting member interposed between said contacts whereby initial opening movement of the switch is effective to draw an initial are between one of said contacts and the conducting member, said other contact including means for separating the same from the conducting member at a decreasing or zero current value, and means for utilizing the pressure developed by the initial are to effect a blast of insulating fluid across the break formed between the last-named contact and the conducting member.

5. Circuit interrupting apparatus of the fluid-break type comprising a movable contact, a contact pivotally mounted forming part of a loop traversed by the current to be interrupted, a spring biasing said contact towards compressed position of the loop in opposition to the magnetic forces of said current, a plunger having a piston member interposed between said contacts, said plunger normally resiliently biased towards said pivoted contact, and a pressure chamber plunger may take place to cause an initial arc whereby the pressure so developed is er"- itective to move said plunger away from the pivoted contact and sulating fluid across between. V

v 6. The combination with a fluid-break switch comprising a movable contact, of means for erlecting interruption of current traversing said switch at substantially the minimum current value comprising a contact element forming part of atloop traversed by said current, means biasing said element towards the compressed position of the loop, a conducting member interposed between said movable contact and contact element, and means for utilizing the pressure developed by an are between the movable contact and conducting member upon initial opening movement of the switch for moving the conducting member away from the contact element and for directing a flow of insulating fluid between the same upon separation thereof, the magnetic forces of the current traversing the aforesaid loop tending to expand the same and to cause the contact element to remain in following engagement with the conducting member until overcome by said biasing means during minimum current value.

The combination with a fluid-break switch comprising a movable contact, of

means for efiecting interruption of current traversing said switch at substantially the m1n1mum current value comprising a contact element forming part of a loop traversed by said current, a spring biasing said element towards the compressed position of the loop in opposition to the magnetic forces of current traversing the same,

a conducting member normally resiliently biased into conwithin which separation of said movable contact and Y to direct a stream of inthe break formed thereu tacting engagement with said element and interposed between the same and the mov- ,able contact, and means for utilizing the pressure developed by the are drawn between the movable contact and conducting member in response to initial opening movement of the switch for moving the conducting member in opposition to its biasing means away from the contact element and for directing a blast of cooling insulating fluid across the arc causedbythe separation there of, said element remaining in following engagement with the conducting member until retracted by said spring during a minimum current value.

8. In a fluid-break switch, arc-extinguishing means comprising a movable contact, a conducting memberinfengagement therewith in the closed position of the switch, a contact element coacting with said member, and a pressure chamber within which separation of said movable contact and member may take place to form an arc, the pressure developed by said are being effective to move said member away from the contact element and towards the movable contact thereby limiting the length of the aforesaid arcand providing substantially constant pressure for directing .a blast of insulating fluid between Isaid contact element and conducting mem- 9. Circuit interrupting apparatus comprising a housing structure, a plunger-like conducting member mounted for reciprocal movement within said housing, contacts between which said member is disposed, said housing forming a pressure chamber within which separation of one of said contacts and said member may take place, and an arcing chute within which separation of said memher and the other of said contacts may take place, said pressure chamber connected by passages with said plunger member and arcchute for causing in response to pressure developed by an are within said chamber withdrawal of said member from the last-named contact and a blast of insulating fluid between the same through said arcing chute.

10. The combination with a fluid-break switch, of current interrupting means comprising means for forming an initial arc in response to initial opening movement of the switch, meansfor effecting separation of contact members of said switch at substantially a minimum current value, and a pressure chamber within which said initial arc is formed whereby the pressure developed thereby is utilized to project insulating fluid between said separating contact members.

11. The combination with a fluid-break switch, of current interrupting means comprising means for forming an initial arc in response to initial movement of the switch, and means responsive to the pressure developed by said are and to the magnetic separated subsequent to formation of said arc, and a floating piston member interposed between said pressure chamber and contact members whereby the pressure developed by the initial arc is effective to move said piston and project insulating fluid between the separating contact members while precluding gas formed by said arc.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my handthis 19th day of Ssptember, 1929.

WILLIAM E. PAUL.

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