US1806997A - A joseph - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mayy 26, y 1931 .ALFRED JOSEPH, OF ENGHIEN, ASSIGNOB TO COIPAGNIEv INTERNATIONAL! POUR LA FABRICATION DES EBSENOES IT PETBOLES, OF

JOINT-STOCK OF FRANCE PARIS, FRANCE, A. LIIITED varoamrrorr or mmv: n'znnocmoNs pplioation led July 16, 1929, Serial No. 378,788, and in Iranoe July 80, 1888.

This invention relates to an apparatus for the vaporization of liquid or pasty heavy hydrocarbons, with a view to their subse-v quent conversion into light hydrocarbons or the like. v y

It is known that the vaporization of oils cannot be effected without giving rise to a deposition of coke and solid residues, and that provision is necessary for ensuring the periodical elimination of such deposits and residues, which can be effected advantageously b combustion b means of a current of air riven throu h t e vaporizing apparatus.

The vaporization has been hitherto effected preferably with baiile plates 'locatedin the vaporizer, or with the apparatus furnished with elements such as Raschig ,ringsu Applicant has observed that this means ill suits regeneration by combustion, the deposits acquiring, fat the end of a normal period of emplo ment of the apparatus, too large a` bulk, an that it is convenient, in order to avoid such compact deposits, to select for the solid material constituting the bailles, bodies of great porosity. However, experience has demonstrated to the applicant that similar bodies 4such as ceramic, calcareous and like materials are rapidly put out of action in the vicinity of the inlet, where they are encountered by still very liquid oil; they become deeply impregnated with `such oil and no longer act exclusively by their supericial layers.

Accordingto the invention, vaporization is effected by bringing the oils into contact,

' in an initial zone of the apparatus, with plates or other similar. bailles where they com-- mence to vaporize without any considerable deposition, then the vaporization of the oils, which have become less Huid, is continued and completed on a bed of porous lsubstances where deposition -occurs in a very' subdivided form which permits their subsequent perfect elimination by combustion by means of a currentof air :or oxygen. y

The'accompanying drawing illustrates by way of example, in diagrammatic sectional elevation, an apparatus embodying'the invention. f f

' or brick In this drawing A A is a closed metal vessel, provided on top with a pipe a for the admission of the oil to be vaporized and in some cases with a pipe a1 for the admission of steam or water. mixturel of water and oil could alternatively be admitted by a pi incommon. At suitable levels beneath t e closed top, the vessel contains a series of inclined lates B arranged as bailies. U to a suitab e height, porous bodies D, in t e form of small pellets, small tubes orrings, or the like, formed of clay, chine cla ,k1eselguhr, or the like, are hea `ed on a per orated or a ertured base or gri At its lower portion t e ap aratus is provided with a pipe a2 for the out et of vapours, and a pipe as for the removal of unvaporized products, as well as a pipe a for the admission of air or other suitable a ent for the regeneration, by combustion, of t 1e encrusted contact substances. l

Oil admitted ata, preferably at the'ysame time as water in addltion is admitted at a1, vaporizes partiall as well as such water, on ilow4 over the ba e. plates B. Then it arrives, in'a conveniently reduced fluid state, on to the porous substance D, Where it thus can vaporize without being able to impregnate such substance. The va ours escape by a2, whence they areconducte away or utilization elsewhere in an apparatus, which may be for example a group o' lytic reaction chambers, or the conversion of such vapours into light hydrocarbons. During the operation, the products, which it is not desired to vaporize are allowed to flow by a", will in accordance with the rate of supply by a and a* .and the capacit of the vaponzer.- At the end of a perio of time, variable according to the nature of the products treat'- ed, re eneration is eected inthe known man-f ner, or example by the admission of air or. in some cases air and steam, by`q. f Itis obvious that the vaporizmg apparatus may have any appropriate shape, such as cylmdrical, prismatic or annular, and that it may be exam lle, yby location thereof within a stove tructure Svto which heating gas is urifiers and catawhich products are' variable at f heated inany suitable manner, for

supplied at la. and from which it escapes at h2. The hot gases, if desired, may be utilized for vaporizing the added water which can be arran ed to circulate in a coil, which, in the case o an annular vessel, may be located in the annular space enclosed by the annulus.

The vaporizing apparatus is adapted to function normally at atmospheric pressure. The temperature which is maintained within the vessel A, and the proportionate amounts of oil and water, or steam, admitted thereto, obviously will vary with the nature and composition of the oils to be vaporized. By way of example, however, it may be stated that for treating Venezuelan gas-oil a temperature of about 450 C. should be maintained in the va orizer, the pro rtion of water or steam ad ed with the oil eing approximate- 1y 5%.

The oil to be vaporized, alone or mixed, may obviously be oil derived from the distillation of any carbonaceous materials (11gnites, `shales, peats, coal or the like) and previously condensed.

Claims:

1. A paratus for the vaporization of heavy ydrocarbons comprising a vessel havbe ing in one portion thereof a series of separated baille plates and in another portion thereof a ma of porous material, means for heating said vessel externally, means for conducting hydrocarbons to be vaporized tosaid vesseland for evacuating the same therefrom, said hydrocarbons passing first through saidbaille plates and then through said porous material, and means for conducting regenerating gases to said vessel.

2. Apparatus for the vaporizvation of heavy hydrocarbons comprising a vessel having an inlet rtion including a series of inclined meta lic baille plates and having adjacent said inlet portion a mass of porous material, means for heating said vessel and the contained baille plates and porous material, means for conducting hydrocarbons to be vaporized to said inlet portion whereby said hydrocarbons pass first through said baes and then through said porous material, means for evacuating said hydrocarbons from said vessel, and means for conducting regenerating gases to said vessel, said heating means comprising a 4chamber surrounding said vessel and means for supplying a heating medium to said chamber.'

3. Apparatus for the vaporization of heavy hydrocarbons comprising `a vessel adapted to be traversed by hydrocarbons to be vaporized and having adjacent itsV inlet end a plurality of baille 'plates and adjacent thereto a mass of. porous material, means for heating said vessel externally, and means for conductin hydrocarbons to and evacuating the same rom said vessel.

4. Apparatus for the vaporization of 'said central mass of porous material on said support,

means for heating said vessel and said baffles and porous material, means for conducting hydrocarbons to the upper portion of said vessel, and means for evacuating hydrocarbons from the lower portion of said vessel, said heating means comprising a stove surrounding said vessel. 5. Apparatus of the class described comprising a vessel adapted tov be traversed by hydrocarbons to be vaporized, said vessel having in its upper portion a plurality of bellies, a support in the lower portion of said vessel, a mass of porous material resting on said support, said support providing an outlet chamber below said porous material, means for heating said vessel externally,

means for conducting hydrocarbons to be vaporized to the upper portion of said vessel, means for evacuatingv hydrocarbons from said outlet chamber, and means for conducting regenerating gases to said outlet chamr. 6. Apparatus for the vaporization 0f heavy hydrocarbons comprising a vessel having an inlet portion containing a series of inclined ballies, a central portion adjacent said inlet portion containing a mass of porous material, an outlet portion adjacent portion, means for supplying liquid hydrocarbons to be vaporized to said inlet-portion, means for evacuating both vaporized and unvaporized hydrocarbons from said outlet portion, and means for heating said vessel externally.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

ALFRED JOSEPH.

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