US1804777A - Boiler construction - Google Patents

Description

May 12., 1931- n 1 H. M.4 JEROME 1,804,7"757` B oILER CONSTRUCTION A Filed sept. 19. 1927. 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 a me: e a e a4 c: ov@ a g I Inra/far /aace M. Jrdzre May 12, 1931. H, M,

` BQILER CONSTRUCTION JEROME 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 19. 1927 'heated steam.

Patented May l2, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT QF'FlE-h nomen 1a. Jimena,

Bouma. coNs'rnUc'rroN Application led September 19, 1927. Serial 1,10. 280,572.

The invention relates to heat transferencel machines and more particularly to heat machines of the boiler type which are adapted to eiciently convert the heat ofthe fuel into The object of my invention is to provide an improved typev of construction Ahaving a high thermal efficiency, and one which may be readily manufactured at low production costs.v In accordance with my invention'I haveprovided an apparatus more specifically described hereinafter, this ap aratus embodying the following features W ich' together result in the attainment of high efliciency.

One of the features of construction is the arrangement wherein the combustion chamber is entirely surrounded by lthe liquid which it is designed to heat.

Another feature is the arrangement whereby the hottest asesfrom the combustion chamber are le into intimate contact with the medium to be heated at the point where this medium is to be raised to its hottest or final temperature; while the products of combustion from which heat has already been partly extracted are led into contact with the liquid medium where the latter is ata lower temperature.

A further fea-ture of the construction is the provision of a recuperator or air preheater in which the heat remaining in the combustion gasesafter they have left the medium to be heated is still further reduced by causing a heat transference between the products of combustion and the incoming air for the combustion chamber.

Other features of construction will be more apparent after considering the detailed description of 'oneembodiment of my invention which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a boiler taken on the sectionV lines 1-1 of Figures 2 and 7.

joint in the plate tube.

or mamon, MICHIGAN, assrenoarsrmam Assmnmsfro Gassman A. woon, or Dmnorr, moment milssusanA Figure 2 is a transverse section on'the line 2`2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 isa vperspective view of the interior of the boiler construction. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the plate tubes.

, Figure 5 is a detailed view of the plate tube illustrating the baie.

' Figure 6 isv another' detail showing the lFigure 7 is a cross section through the recuperator.

y Figure 8 is a. section through the fuelsupplmechanism orburner.

eferrin now to the construction illustrated in `t e drawings, my improved heat machine or furnace comprlses a cylindrical shell 20 forming acombustion chamber lA and an outer curved shell 21 forming a main boiler water space B surrounding the com'-, bustion chamber., 22l and 23 are end walls spaced from the ends of the combustion chamber A in order that the ends ofthe combustion chamber may also be surrounded by water.4 The inner and outer shells 20 and 21 are each supported on a base structureconsisting of a plurality of tube lates' which' form `a means for exchanging" eat'bet'ween vthe combustion gases and-'the liquid heating medium. The tube plates are ref ei'ably formed of sheet metal and arran e inaseries in such a manneras to provi e spaces for both the liquid and gaseous products.

As shown in Figure 4 the plate tubes are of generally rectangular shape, each being composed oftwo pressed metal sheets 25 and 26 spaced apart to form the intermediate water spaces 27. The sheets 25 and 26 have inwardly turnedv marginal flanges 28 which are secured together as indicated in vFigure 6. At the top of each plate'tube' and at each sidev of the ylongitudinal center Athereof lare arranged openings 29 for affording coma munication from the water space B to the in f terior of the plate tube. At the bottom edges 00 of eachplate tube there are corresponding openings 361 which communicate with the lower water tank 66.

A plurality of plate tubes of the type illustrated-in Figure 4 are arranged side by side below the combustion chamber A and the spaces betweenl the adjacent plate tubes form vertical iiuepassageways 67. These passageways communicate through the openings 68 with the combustion chamber A and also communicate through the openings 69 with a iue conduit 70 extending longitudinally beneath allof. said plate tubes. The flue passageways 67 are closed at the marginal portions by the spacing strips 71a which are suitably secured to the adjacent plate tubes to form fluid tight joints.

' In order to form a circuitous `passageway for the flue gases from the combustion cham'- ber through the iiue pasageways to the flue conduit 70, horizontal baiiies are arranged within the flue assageways. These bailes are preferably ormed by the pressed out portions 71 of the sheets 25 and 26 and as illustrated in Figure 2 the pressed out portions are arrangedin staggered relationship. The

pressed out portions of adjacent plate tubes contact at 72 thereby compelling the flue gases to pass laterally and escape downwardly through the passageways 73 between the ends of the baiies. The flue .conduit 70 leads to va recuperator, the purpose of which is to or the f iue cause any heat remaining in the flue gases to be transferred to the air that is introduced into the combustion chamber.

The recuperator is of sheet metal construction similar to the heat exchange unit previously described and consists of a series of late tubes forming alternate passageways gases and the incoming air respectively. he plate tubes are joined together to form the series of vertical interior assageways 48 for the incoming air and the lntermediate passageways 41 for the flue gases. The interior passageways 48 communicate at their upper ends with the horizontal upper conduits 47 and at their lower ends with the horizontal lower conduits 49. rIhe intermediate passageways 41 open into the upper iiue conduit 43 and the lower flue conduit 40,*whicl1 conduits are arranged cen-l trally within the conduits 47 and 49 respectively. 80 is a conduit connected to the lower` conduits 49 and serving to admit air under pressure to therecuperator. The fiue'gases are delivered to the ue conduit 40 from the flue conduit 70 which is preferably arranged in alignment therewith. In order to prov1de for increased length of travel of the incoming air and flue gases in the recuperator, thek latter is preferably'provided with a series of bames.' Thus as shown the baiiie 4 2 eX- tends through one of the flue" passageways 41 and crosses the lower passageways 49 and 40.l A second baiile 44 is longitudinally spaced from-the first bame and arranged to extend across the upper passageways 43 and 47, while terminating at a point leaving the lower passa eways 49 and 40 unobstructed. A

third b e is arranged in a similar manner to the first baille 42.

The arrangement as above described causes the flue gases entering the lower flue conduit to be directed upwardly through the passageways 41 by the baie 42 and delivered to 'the 'upper lue passageway 43.

The gases are then deflected downwardly by the secondbale 44 through the next series ofv vertical passageways 41 and arrivingin the lower iiue conduit 40 and are again detlected upwardly'by the third baille 35 and finally led downwardly into the conduit 40' from. which they are delivered to the waste conduit 45. j The incomin air travels in the opposite direction to the ue gases being delivered to the lower conduits 49 from the blower and deiected upwardly by the baille 35 through the interior passageways 48 into the upper air assageways 4 The air is then deflected ownwardly b the baie 44, V90

upwardly by the baille 42 and ownwardly by the end wall 46 of the recuperator and finally emerging through the outlet ports 49a. The wall 46 of the recuperator is preferably spaced slightly from the adjacent wall of the heat exchange unit and this intermediate s ace is utilized for carrying a Y-shaped con uit 81 from the outlet ports 49a to the combustion chamber of the burner.

Within the combustion chamber A is arranged a cylindrical baille tube 50 closed at the 1nner end 51, the outer end 52 projecting beyond the end wall 22. The baille tube has a series of apertures 53 extendin through the upper portion thereof but the ower portionA is imperforate. Fuel may be delivered to the combustion chamber in any suitable manner but preferably by providing a burner adapted to operate both on fuel oil and gas without requiring any changes in the burner. As illustrated in Figure 8 the burner comprises a central fuel nozzle arranged within a surrounding pipe 61, the forward end 62 of which tapers adjacent the outlet of the fuel nozzle 60. 63 is a Venturi tube into which tube 62 discharges, this venturi being surrounded by a tubular portion 64 which in turn is surrounded by a water jacket 65. Water is circulated throu h this jacket entering by way of the inlet 4 and leaving by the outlet 75. The preheated air obtained from the Y-shaped conduit 81 of the recuperator is delivered under ressure to the air conduit 64 surrounding e venturi 63 from which it is delivered to the interior of the venturi 63 and supplies the necessary ai'r for supporting complete combustion.

' In the operation of the furnace the fuel (either oil or gas) is delivered through the fuel nozzle 60 in any suitable manner and the unsold??? lair lfor. combustion is supplied throughtbe conduit 64. The varrangement is `such that the nebulized fuel from the fuel nozzle is entirely surrounded bythe preheated airvsupply, thus resulting 1n very eflicient combustion of the fuel. Combustion takes place inY` the. cylindrical baille tube 50, the function ofv which is to provide for a uniform distribu- 4 enter the`vertical conduits 67 between the adjacent plate tubes and are finally1 led out into the lue-conduit 70. In'passing through the vertical conduits 6T the flue gases are compelled to take a circuitous route by reason of the arrangement of the baffles 71. The fluegases then pass through the recuperator'by way of the conduitlflO through spaces 41 etc., finally escaping through the conduit45 to the chimney or other waste conduit at practically room temperature It will be not-ed that the heat machine is so constructed that the hottest ga'ses contact with the portion of the machine containing the water at the hot-test temperature, and that these gases as they are cooled down are led progressively to portions of the apparatus containing/water at lower temperatures. This arrangement facilitates the most rapid and complete heat transference possible to obtainvbecause of the fact that the greatest differentials in temperatures are secured.

The burner is provided with a surrounding water jacket as indicated above, the water jacket serving to absorb both direct I and reflected heat thereby protecting the fuel nozzle. The water in the water jacket may be used in conjunction with an insulated boiler to provide a reservoir of hot water without in any way interfering with the capacity of the heat machine. The inlet and outlet conduits 74 and 75 may therefore be connected to a` hot Water boiler in the usual manner, or if it isnot desired to supply -a hot water heater from-the furnace these conduitsV may be connected to the return lines between the radiators and the point where the return water would ordinarily be returned to the machine. In any event the heat from the burner is converted into useful work and is not wasted, thus increasing-the efliciency of the machine.

l One of the features of the machine as above described is the arrangement whereby the llame andliot gases are `e'venl. distributed throughout the entire surface o the combustion chamber and flow with even flame density to all the plate tubes, thereby e ualizing the load through the entire lengt Vof the heat generator. Another feature of the machine is the use of `a recuperator for preheating air deliveredjto the combustion chamber. By means pf this recuperator the temperature of the flue gases may be lowered to such a point 'that very little heat isk lost in the waste gases.

What I claim-asmy invention is 1. A heat machine comprising a horizontal combustion chamber, a horizontally' extending flue conduit below said combustion chamber, a series of parallel vertical flue passageways between said combustion chamber and flue passageway, a water chamber surrounding said combustion chamber, a water tank below' sald flue passageways and a series of water passageways connecting said water chamber and said water tank and arranged a intermediate flue passageways` in heat con` ducting relation thereto.

2. A heat machine` comprising a. horizontal cylindrical combustion chamber, a cylindrical baille within said combustion chamber having ports in the upper surface thereof, means for introducing 'fuel and air within said baille, a series of vertical plates forming alternate water and flue passageways, the latter being connected to said combustion chamber at the lower portion thereof and aV conduit below said plates also connected to surrounding said combustion chamber and said conduit and connected to said water passageways.

3. A heat machine comprising a series of vertical spaced plates constructed and arranged to form alternate flue passageways and water passageways, a water shell superposed above said plates and communicating with said water passageways, a combustion chamber within said water shell communieatin introducing fuel into said combustion chamber, and baies in said flue passageways.

4. A heat machine-comprising a horizontal combustion chamber, a cylindrical baille within said combustion chamber having radial apertures in the upper half thereof, said combustion chamber having a series of outlets extending lengthwise thereof at the bottom, a water chamber surrounding .said combustion chamber, a series of laterally spaced vertical plates having their edges secured together to form alternate gas and liquid chambers, the liquid chamber opening into said water chamber and said gas chamber opening into said combustion chamber at said out lets and passageways below said plates comliquid chambers.

with said flue passageways, means for said flue passageways-and water chambers shell, an inner shell arranged within said outer shell and forming a combustion chamber, a

Hue passageway spaced from and substantially parallel to said inner shell, a series of plates intermediate said inner shell and Hue passageway and extending transversely thereto forming a series of thin passageways, said plates being so connected to said inner and outer shells as to place adjacent passageways between the plates in communication with the inner and outer shells respectively, and a water passageway surrounding said Hue passageway and so connected to said plates that the passageways communicating with the outer shell are in communication also with said water passageway and the passageways Communicating with the inner shell also communicate with said flue passageway.

6. A heat machine comprising a ltubular combustion chamber, a water chamber surrounding said combustion chamber, a Hue passageway spaced from and substantially parallel to said combustion chamber, a water passageway surrounding said Hue passageway and a series of spaced plates connecting said combustion chamber and Hue passageway and arranged transversely thereto, said plates being so formed as to vconstitute alternate Hue and water passages, the Hue passages connecting said combustion chamber and said Hue passageway and said water passages connecting said water chamber and said water passageway, and means within the Hue passages between said plates for compelling the Hue gases to traverse a tortuous path from the combustion chamber to said Hue passageway. 4

7. A heat machine comprising a tubular combustion chamber, a water chamber surrounding said combustion chamber, a Hue passa eway spaced from said combustion cham er and parallel thereto, a water passageway partly surrounding said Hue passagewayand a series of conduits arranged transversely to said combustion chamber and said Hue passageway, the alternate conduits being ada ted for Hue and water passages I respective y,saidHuepassagesbeing connected to said combustion chamber and said Hue passageway and said water passages being connected to said water chamber and said water passageway, said Hue passages being defined by the walls'of adjacent water passages.

8. heat machine comprising, ahorizontal combustion chamber a water 'chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, said combustion chamber havin a series of outlets at the bottom, a series o pairs of vertical plates, each pair of plates having their edges secured together to form alternate gas and the pairs of plates and between the plates of each pair respectivel said lates being disposed transverse of t e lengt of combustion passages. liquid chambers between adjacent plates of chamber, the liquid chambers communicating with the water chamber and the gas chambers communicating with said combustion chamber at said outlets, and a lower Hue passage way below said plates communicating with said gas chambers.

9; A heat machine comprising a horizontal combustion chamber, a water chamber surrounding said combustion chamber, a series of pairs of parallel plates located transversely of and below the combustion 'and water chambers providing waterpassages between each pair of lates and passages for combustion gases etween the plates of adjacent pairs of plates, said combustion chamber being open at its bottom and communicating with said gas passages and said water chamber having openings at the bottom thereof communicating with the water passages, a water tank below and extending under all of said plates having communication with said water passages and having a longitudinal Hue formed at its upper side lengthwise thereof in communication with said gas passages.

10. In a structure of the class described, an elongated horizontal combustion chamber formed into substantially cylindrical shape and open lengthwise atitsl under side and formed with horizontal outwardly extending wings, a metal shell having substantially vertical sides and a curved top around the combustion chamber the edges of said wings engaging with and connected to the sides of the shell thereby forming a water chamber around the combustion chamber, a horizontal metal tank located a distance below the combustion chamber and formed at its upper side with a longitudinal Hue passage therein, and a plurality of metal plates disposed `transversely between the upper sidefof said tank and the lower side of said combustion chamber and the wings thereof and secured thereto, said plates being arranged in pairs each pair having edges turned toward each other to space the platesapart and said edges being permanently secured together to form water tight passages between each pair of plates, and the-adglacent plates of contiguous pairs of plates being spaced from each other forming gas passages, there being openings through said wings communicating with the water passages -between pairs of plates' andy sages, and there being direct communication b etween the lower open side of the combustion chamber with said gas passages between adjacent pairs of plates and also direct commumcation between said Hue and said gas 11. In ments in combination defined in claim 10, each pair of plates havi horizontal spaced apart embossings presse outwardly therea construction containing the elefrom at a plurality of vverticalljyspaced Elanesin the height of the plates, the emosslngs on the plates of a pair of plates bearving' against like embossings on the plates f the next ad'acent pairs of plates, thereby providing ba es to force a circultous assage o'f the 'products' of combustion from t e combustion chamber to said ilue.y In testimony whereofkI ax m ature.

HORACE M.

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