US1804454A - Process for hardening articles made of iron or steel - Google Patents
Process for hardening articles made of iron or steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1804454A US1804454A US217010A US21701027A US1804454A US 1804454 A US1804454 A US 1804454A US 217010 A US217010 A US 217010A US 21701027 A US21701027 A US 21701027A US 1804454 A US1804454 A US 1804454A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- bath
- steel
- cyanide
- articles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 7
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal cyanides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- JWEKFMCYIRVOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanamide;sodium Chemical compound [Na].NC#N JWEKFMCYIRVOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011876 fused mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001912 cyanamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical class [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/44—Carburising
- C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to'an improvement of the process of carburizing articles.
- cyanamides Under the influence of the temperatures used during the carburization the cyanamides with a corresponding part ofthe finely divided carbon present were converted into cyanides. I may utilize the cyanamide either in the place of or in addition .to other admixtures such as soda carbonate,
- the carburized articles after removal from the bath are quenched in the well known way using water, brine or oil as quenching liquid.
- Comparatively small quantities of the finely divided charcoal distributed in the fused sodium cyanide mixture are suflicient to obtain the effect aimed at and to prevent the melt from frothing over at temperatures above 920 C.
- wood charcoal working at a temperature of 950
- Example-Manufactured articles of steel containing 0.08% carbon were immersed in a fused mixture consisting of 85 parts sodium cyanide 12.0 parts sodium cyanamide and 3 parts finely ground wood charcoal and kept in the melt or 30 minutes. The carburized articles were then removed from the melt, allowed to drip and quickly quenchedin brine. The depth of penetration after that time is 0.4 millimetres ,whilst the surface is as hard as glass.
- a hardening mixture for hardening iron and steel containing sodium 0 anide, sodium cyanamide and about 3% ot finely divided charcoal distributedtherethrough.
- Process for carburizing iron articles which consists in immersing said articles in a fused salt bath comprising an alkali metal cyanide and finely divided charcoal distributed therethrough, and holding said bath. and immersed articles at temperatures exceeding about 920 C, until carburization' has been efiected.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented May 12, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENTA OFFICE BECK, OF FRANKFOR-T-ON-THE- MAIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO DEUTSOHE GOLD & SILBER SGHEIDEAZN'STALT, VORMALS ROESSLER, OF FRANKFORT-ON-THE- 1mm; GERMANY; A coaroRArIoN PROCESS; FOR HARDENING ARTICLES MADE OF IRON OB STEEL No Drawing. Application filed September 1, 1927, Serial No. 217,010, and in Germany September 6, 1826.
The present invention relates to'an improvement of the process of carburizing articles.
- made of iron or steel by means of fused hydrosurface of the iron article depends chiefly on the temperature at which the immersion takes place. I have also found that at lower temperatures the introduction ofthe nitrogen prevails whilst at higher temperatures the iron nitride formed is decomposed and the introduction of the carbon predominates. With cyanide mixtures of the type described above it was, however, not possible to exceed a certain temperature as above this temperastarts frothing o 161'.
ture the fused mixture is decomposed at too great a rate, so that in consequence the bath It loses its contents of carbon too rapidly. The carbon therefore cannot be utilizedand is lost.
I have found now that by admixing finely divided carbonaceous material such as wood charcoal, animal charcoal and the like to the carburizing mixture containing cyanide salts I was able to raise the temperature of the bath far in excess of the one towhich the cyanide mixture could be heated without such admixtures. Thus a mixture of sodium cyanide, soda carbonate and sodium chloride containing about 40% of sodium cyanide which has been'used largely for case harden- 7 ing at 850 C. commences frothing and rising over the top of the crucible when heated above 860 C. whilst a melt to which finely divided charcoal had been added in the proportion of for instance 3% to of the salt mixture could be heated to temperatures above 950 C.
without impunity. A temperature even of 1000? C. and more was attainable without the decomposition becoming so great that the melt was frothing over. When using temperatures of 960 to 970 C. with a bath containing sodium cyanide, soda carbonate and sodium chloride I have found for instance that the carbon penetrated to a depth approximately three times as great as when working without addition of finely divided carbon at about 850 C.
Instead of using finely divided materials containing carbon such as for instance wood charcoal and the like I can use substances which at the temperatures utilized decompose or have been decomposed with liberation of carbon. Substances of this kind are for in-. stance organic compounds of high molecular weight such as for instance higher hydrocarbons etc.
When the bath containing alkali metal cyanides such as sodium cyanides and finely divided carbonaceous material in accordance to my invention in admixture with other diluting agents has been in use for some time its contents of carbonates are increased gradually by the decomposition of the cyanides whilst its contents of efiicaceous cyanide decreases. In order to prevent the bath from becoming too poor in cyanide I have generated cyanides in the bath itself during the heating. For this purpose I add to the bath as diluting agent from the beginning in addition to finely divided carbonaceous material cyanamide of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as for instance sodium cyanamide. Under the influence of the temperatures used during the carburization the cyanamides with a corresponding part ofthe finely divided carbon present were converted into cyanides. I may utilize the cyanamide either in the place of or in addition .to other admixtures such as soda carbonate,
common salt or the like. This addition has the further advantage that the fusedbath is more fluid at the working temperature than a melt without it. As a certain amountof the fused cyanide mixture will adhere to the articles on removal from the bath, the amount removed from the melt will be less'the more liquid the mass will be. For this reason the bath according to my invention will last longmany this eighteenth 1927.
er than a bath of the kind hitherto known.
The carburized articles after removal from the bath are quenched in the well known way using water, brine or oil as quenching liquid.
Comparatively small quantities of the finely divided charcoal distributed in the fused sodium cyanide mixture are suflicient to obtain the effect aimed at and to prevent the melt from frothing over at temperatures above 920 C. Thus for instance I obtained excellent results with a mixture containing 85% sodium cyanide, 11 to 12% sodium cyanamide and 2.5 to 3% finely ground. wood charcoal, working at a temperature of 950 Example-Manufactured articles of steel containing 0.08% carbon were immersed in a fused mixture consisting of 85 parts sodium cyanide 12.0 parts sodium cyanamide and 3 parts finely ground wood charcoal and kept in the melt or 30 minutes. The carburized articles were then removed from the melt, allowed to drip and quickly quenchedin brine. The depth of penetration after that time is 0.4 millimetres ,whilst the surface is as hard as glass.
What I claim is:
1. A hardening mixture for hardening iron and steel containing sodium 0 anide, sodium cyanamide and about 3% ot finely divided charcoal distributedtherethrough.
2. Process for carburizing iron articles which consists in immersing said articles in a fused salt bath comprising an alkali metal cyanide and finely divided charcoal distributed therethrough, and holding said bath. and immersed articles at temperatures exceeding about 920 C, until carburization' has been efiected.
. 3. Process for carburizing iron articles which consists in immersing said articles in a fused salt bath comprising an alkali metal cyanide, a cyanamide of the group comprising alkali'metal and alkaline earth metal cyanamides, and finely divided carbonaceous material distributed therethrough, and holding said bath and immersed articles at temperatures between 920 and 1000 C. until ,carburization has been efiected.
Signed at Frankfort-on the-Main,
Prussia and State of Gerday of August, D.
WALTER BECK.
Hesse-Nassau,
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1804454X | 1926-09-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1804454A true US1804454A (en) | 1931-05-12 |
Family
ID=7744042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US217010A Expired - Lifetime US1804454A (en) | 1926-09-06 | 1927-09-01 | Process for hardening articles made of iron or steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1804454A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2492804A (en) * | 1946-03-23 | 1949-12-27 | Du Pont | Casehardening steel |
US2492805A (en) * | 1946-12-26 | 1949-12-27 | Du Pont | Casehardening composition |
US2553865A (en) * | 1950-03-11 | 1951-05-22 | Newell Isaac Laird | Case hardening composition |
DE968526C (en) * | 1943-04-25 | 1958-02-27 | Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag | Process for surface hardening of workpieces by cementation |
US3811356A (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1974-05-21 | Raymond Lee Organization Inc | Miter box of variable width |
-
1927
- 1927-09-01 US US217010A patent/US1804454A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE968526C (en) * | 1943-04-25 | 1958-02-27 | Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag | Process for surface hardening of workpieces by cementation |
US2492804A (en) * | 1946-03-23 | 1949-12-27 | Du Pont | Casehardening steel |
US2492805A (en) * | 1946-12-26 | 1949-12-27 | Du Pont | Casehardening composition |
US2553865A (en) * | 1950-03-11 | 1951-05-22 | Newell Isaac Laird | Case hardening composition |
US3811356A (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1974-05-21 | Raymond Lee Organization Inc | Miter box of variable width |
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