US1787632A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 6, 1931. w. A. J. KREAGER 1,787,632

BURNER rFiled Oct. 20.. 19?,

gn/vento@ Patented Jan. 6, 1931 PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM A. J. KREAGER, or DENVER, coLoEAno l BURNER.

Application mea october 2o, 1928. s eriai N6. 313,796.

This invention relates toy improvements inl burners, and has reference more particularly to a burner'that can bek used with any .form of fluid hydrocarbon, such as gas or oil.

It is the object of this invention to produce a simple and efficient burnerithat shall be especially well adapted for use in refineries where crude oil is available or withl naturalk gasy and which shall be so constructed that there will be a complete combustion of the fuel so as tomakeavailable for use all of the heat units present inthe fuel.

This invention, briefly described, consists of aburner head having a tubular nozzle extending from one end thereof and provided at the other end with openings which are adapted to be connected with a source of air under pressure and with a source of fuel supply. The compressed air is directed into an axial opening in the nozzle with whichl opening a number of smaller-.openings communicate at one end andhave their other end connected with the fuelsupply. The nozzle is provided with an opening of a peculiar shape which Iproduces a suction effect when compressed air is applied and which serves to cause the proper amount of fuel to be drawn into the nozzle. In addition to this means are provided for enveloping the flame in a layer of air from the same source as that which supplies thernozzlev so that the flame itself will burn inithe same manner as 1t would if. burning in the open air.

Having thus briefly described the invention, the same will now be described in detail and reference for this purpose will be had to the accompanying drawing, in which the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a view partly in elevation and partly yin section showing one of my improved burners;

Fig. 2-is a sectional view taken on line 2-2, Fig. 4; Y l

Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3-3, Fig.

4.; and I n Fig. 4 is a section taken on line 4 4, Fig. 2. In the drawing numeral 1 represents a burner head whichv is preferably formed from one solid piece of brass or other suitable material. The outer surface of the burner head is preferably provided with two threaded portions, one at each end, which have been designated by reference numerals2 and 3. One ,end of the burner head is recessed as indicated by numeral 4 and has a radial out or groove `5 which extends inwardly so as to provide a thin radial opening through which air may be passed by means which will be hereinafter more fully described. The outside diameter of the recessed portion which has beendesignated by numeral 6, is somewhat less than the root diameter of the threads on the threaded portion 5 so that when the burner is put in place in the cylindrical hub 7 an annular air space 8 will be provided between the outer surface 6 and the inner surface of hub 7 The burner head is provided with an opening 9 which extends inwardly fromthe recessed end and which communicates at its inner end with a smaller opening 10. A tubular nozzle 11 is inserted intoV the opening `9 `in the manner shown in Figs. 2.and 3. The forward end ofopening 10 is threaded for the reception of the threaded end of the nozzle 12. A valve 13 has a threadedportion 14 that engages the threaded interior .portion of opening lO. The forward end of valve 13 is pointed and is adapted to extend into the opening in the inner end of nozzle 12 and serves to regulate the amount of air.. that can flow into the nozzle.` A nut 15 surrounds the valve 13 and forms one part of a stuffing box 16 by means of which` leakage is prevented at this point.' The burner head is also'prov'ided with an opening 17 which extends forwardly from the end of the head opposite to that from which the nozzle projects. This opening is connected to a source of compressed air by means of a pipe 18 and is in communication with opening 10 by means of a passage 19. Referring now to Fig, it will be `seen that a passage 20 connects opening 10 withy theL interior of opening21, which extends inwardly from the outer end of the burnerhead. From the bottom of opening 21, a smaller opening 22 extends forwardly and connects with vthe radial cut`5. A valve constructed exactly the saine as the one designated 13 and whichhai been given the same reference numeral serves to control the iiow of air into opening 22.

A fuel supply opening 23 extends inwardly from the outer end of the burnerV head and this is connected with a source of fuel by means of a pipe 24C. The inner end of openf ing 23 is incommunication withN the opening 9 in the manner shown in Fig. 2. 'The fuel supply is preferably under a slight pressure and therefore openingrr9 adjacentnthe outer end of nozzle 11 will bein communication witha supply of fuel.

Attention will now be called to the con-v struction of the nozzlell which may be formed fromV a cylindrical memberof suitablelength and of such 'a diameter that it will fit the opening 9. This nozzle has an, v

11 to the axial opening with which they com-V municate lat point 28. `FromV the point where openings 27 enter the axial opening, and where the latter is smallest it increases in size as it extends forwardlyto form a taperingsection designated by numeral 29. This conical portion terminatesat 30 where it islargest and from this point towards the forward end of the nozzle the walls` taper inwardly as indicated by numeral 31. It will thus be noted that the portion of the opening of the nozzle 11 forward of the point 28 has the shape of two reversely arranged conical frustums Whose bases are in contact as Vshown at 30. When compressed airis permitted to flow forwardly through nozzle 12 and through o e11- ing 26, a suction will be produced w ich tends to make fuel flow from openings 9 and 23 through openings 27 into the'axial opening which is bounded by sides 29 and 31. The suctionl produced is proportional to the velocity ofthe air, and therefore, the lfuel will be supplied in a quantity which varies directly with the amount ofair provided, and in this manner the proper fuel mixture is obtainedwith air pressures of greatlyvar-ying values. The arrangement just describedis of great importance in burners of this type for the reason that it automatically proportions the mixture of air and fuel so that the burner will work properlywith air ressures of diiferentvalues, and this, thereore, makes it unnecessary to regulate carefully the air pressure except for the purpose of Vincreasingor decreasing the amount of heat to be generated. The auxiliary air supply which enters throughopening 22, radial cut 5 and the annular space 8 envelopes the lameand provides a supply of'air that is in excess of' that actually necessary for complete combustion, so that at all times a suicient supply of oxygen will be present to permit all the combustible material conta-ined in the fuel to be fully oxidized. Due to the complete oxidization or combustion of the fuel a very high thermal eiiciency is obtained. c

This burnerA can be used for any purpose whatsoever and in the drawing it has been shown as secured to the hub portion 7 that extends rearwardly'from a cylindrical combustion chamber 32.

In order to facilitate the starting of the fiame,;^I have .provided the burner with a spark plug 33, which is attached to the inner endiof a'tubular member 34.' The inner end of pipe 34 is connected with a larger cylindricalmember or'pipe 35,7within which is located the primary coil 36 and the secondary coil 37 of an inductioncoil. One end of the primary is groundedtoV the tubular'member 35y and the other end is insulated and connects with an insulated conductor 38 that eX- tends to a circuit interrupter or to an alternatin g source of electromotivefforce by means of which'the primary coil is energized. One end of the secondary coil'is also grounded to tubular member 35 andthe. other end which has been designated by numeral 39 extends through tubular member 34 from which it is insulated by means of a thick wall of insulating material 40 which prevent-s the high tension current from jumping to the walls of pipe 34; The outer end of conductor 39 is electrically connected Vwith the central yelectrodeetl of the spark plug. When the induction coil is energized, a jump spark will be produced 'which will ignite the mixture of air and fuel that emerges from the nozzle 11. Due to the fact that the induction coil is located very near to the nozzle, the secondary conductors can readily be properly insulated and this greatly simplifies the problem of insulation for the reason that the low potential conductor 38 does not require any high degree of insulation and the source of low Vpotential current may therefore be located v the peculiar frustoconical shape of the burner nozzle opening heretoforedescribed and to Vthe presence of the auxiliary air supply by means of which the flame is enveloped in air, a complete combustion of all the combustible matter of the fuel is obtained, which gives a high thermal eliiciency and prevents the formation of monoxide and objectionable carbon black or other carbonaceous deposits which usually form when incomplete combustiontakes place. And in this connection it should be explained that much reliance is placed on the peculiar shape of the opening of the nozzle 11 forward of the point 28 Where g the fuel enters, for the remarkable thermal eiiciency of the burner, since this feature cooperates with the other structural features to place the fuel in condition for the attainment of such result. v'Ihe cut or groove 5 serves to distribute the air circumferentially so that it will emerge through the annular space 8 in a stream of uniform thickness and velocity. The depth of groove is naturally immaterial but it is desirable to have an annular groove or some equivalent means for distributing the air uniformly throughout space 8.

Having described the invention what is claimed as new is:

In a device for burning uid hydrocarbon fuel comprising, a burner head (1) having an opening (9) extending into the front end thereof, a tubular nozzle (11) having its rear end located in the opening, the other end 3U of the head having two openings (23 and 17) one (23) of which is adapted to be attached to a source of fluid hydrocarbon and the other (17) of which is adapted to be attached to a source of compressed air, the opening con taining the nozzle being in communication with the fuel opening (23) the burner head being also provided with another opening (10) in its rear end which opening is in communication with the interior of the nozzle yand with the interior of the compressed air supply opening (17), a valve for controlling the flow of air to the nozzle, thev burner head having an annular groove near its front end, said groove being in communication with the air supply opening (17), a valve for controlling the flow of air from the air supply to the annular groove, that part (6) of the burner head lying to the front of the annular groove being of smaller diameter than the `part to the rear thereof, and a tubular easing (7) secured to the burner head and extending forwardly beyond the nozzle.

In testimony whereof I afx my signature.

WILLIAM A. J. KREAGER.

n- Lul

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