US1769260A - Centrifugal compressor - Google Patents

Description

July 1,1930. l B. s. HUGHES 1,769,260

GENTRFUGAL COMPRESSOR lFiled. Sept. ZZ 1926 WHO-:Maghi Patented vJuly ll, 1493()l f f s Y.

cumin. smits BU'ItT'oNspii-Usiilisjor Busseto, New *roma y orurnrrnelir cotrrerss'on Alipncauon md september 22,' ieee. .serial No. Yleaseay This rinvention relates to a V`centrifilgal lar hub 16 at vone end journaled ina suitcompressor or Vacuum pump which. has been lable. bearing 17 located between the ksucdesigned more particularly'for compressing tion and inipellerchambers, asshown v1n' gases or iiuids, but which may also be used Fig) Land a collar 18 at its opposite Vend as a dry Vacuum pump for removing alrastened to ajdrlving shaft l19 Journaled in 55 vtrom' surfaceeondensers in power plantsor a bearing20 `1n ythe adjacent' endy oit the,

as a Wetyaeuum pump for removingboth pump-casing and driven by anyffsuitablen air and Water from surfaceor )et condensers means. The i'mpeller is hollow, as shown,

"or from heating systems inbuildings. audits gas-receiving chamber 2l communi- One of .the objects of the invention isthe Cates With the `suction.chamber il. through so provision of a pump of this character which themedium` of the tubular hubl. In its is simple, compact anddurable in eonstrucperipheral Walhthe impeller has a plurality tion, which is reliable and efficient inopera of rows ot snbsttmtially radial openings :or tion, and Whose parts areso organized and capillary tubes 22 Afor the dischargeei the l arranged as to reduce the rictional losses tor gas. and liquid by centrifugal torce into. 65 Y i aminimum.- 1 v the surrounding yportion of 'y the impeller Another object is to provide the pump chamber. Completely surroundingtl'ie im! Withnoyel. means foreiecting the coinpres-k peller and att'achedfto the samebysuitable sion of the throughthe medium jota brackets 23, so as to revolve therewith, is

A liquid circulated'through Athe pump. f Shroud 24 having inwardly-facing fianges 7e tact with the liquid and thus be maintained able'` distance beyond Lthe periphery or" said A still object o the vinvention is 25 at its opposite ends Which are yspaced kto S0 Construct the pump that the gasbeing from the contiguous side Walls of thejim compressed-.Will be kept in intimate `con'-` peller and which extend inwardly a suit'-,

closet@ the temperature ofthe liquid, wheres impeller. -v Curved blades QG'Larried` by 'the 7o by the compression Will closely approach impeller and extending into itschamber 21a the Aisothermal and result in a considerable Serve to intercept and direct theliquidl usedr savingoi' power over the adiabatic coinp'res- Ol fCmpeillg the DO the Clp'llay sion ofthe other types ofcompressors. tubes, there being one blade disposed along In the accompanying drawings: Y side each row of tubes and/each blade beingyFigure l is a central longitudinal sectionl 'curved vin direction to extend over the..` of centrifugal compressoror pur'npjeinmouths of its companion tubes. vThe tips. bodying my invention. Figure 2 is ai of the bladesjare suitably spaced' fromr one transYerSe SGC61-0H-1GI9O 011 lm e QfQrFlgf anotherv to per-init-` the admission of liquid" l; Figure V1s `a11" en1t1g l 1'&gmf1tly and gas between adjoining blades and thence SfCJlO-la'l, V'lecW Showing ,thefllfclulatlon 0f* into the capillary tubes. Arranged vin the hquld .and gasthpugh the Capharyttlbes' 'periphery of the iinpeller and between the Sfmtldrlpcham'mrsvo :reeretn Indica?? rovfvsv of ytubes 22 aretransverse Vgroo'vesror p aivivessponc lngpar s n iougnou ie severa resises?? which function lsv ntlie preferred construction ofthe' pump alle gas. tites@ girovle Opening at* ,mm shown in they draWin-gs,' thensaine'v consists en S lnt9-the unpghet Chtlmlfel" The bQSSeS of a :ylindricalcasing lO'having a suction OT spmfhke 28 @Smiling .from 'them Chamber 11i including an. mt l2 fr the M transverse grooves extend part Way into the mission f'ga's or other fluid t'ofbe compressed Shroud 01' beyond tlm Slde, flanges hee- 95 and animpeller cli mberl having an out;v Of, and tlBfWatcl" or other liquidv which isf l ber isa rotor or iinpeller' lhavinga-tub'ublot-ving inwardly or'back through one .or i

let for/ the V(ilisc'harg'e of the compressed Contained therein during the operation of. gas and thev liquidused for compressing. the pump forms aV seal forthe outerends ofv i' Rotatably mounted in the impeller chamthe capillary tubes, thus preventing the gas `while the other? plate is 31 supported on a'cover 32 applied to the suction end of the pump-casing. Stufliug boxes 33 and 34 are provided for preventing leakage of the liquid or gas from the impeller chamber into the suction chamber and from the former along the driving shaft 19.

lVhile the impeller 15 may be of any suitable construction, that shown in the drawings is composed ofspaced'end plates between the outer portions of which is fastened a ring 36 containing the tubes or openings 22. One of the plates has the tubular hub 16 formed integrally therewith provided with the shaft-engaging collar 18. 1

pressor is as follows Y Assume the impeller 15 together with its shroud 24 and blades 26 to be rotating at a high lspeed by power applied tothe driving shaft 19, Vthe gas or otherfluid to be compressed entering the chamber 21 of the impeller through the suction inlet 12;` and the water or other suitable liquid discharging from the distributer head 29. The water issues from the latter in a plurality of comparatively thin sheets at the required velocityto project it into the path of the moving impeller blades. Each blade intercepts and receives a small quantity ofthe water discharged fromV the distributingv head, and due to the shape of the blades and the speed of rotation ofthe impeller, this water travels rapidly by centrifugal force along the inside curved surfaces of the bladesand outwardly into the companion capillary tubes 22. The various elements of,V

`vthe compressor are so designed and proportioned that Vthe quantity of water intercepted by a given blade from one of the several sheets issuing from the distributing' Vhead is only sufficient to fill a fraction of the length of thecorresponding row of tubes. Hence, before a `blade intercepts a second supply of water from the next sheet, the first supply has traveled outwardly in the tubes and the space left by such movement is filled with the gas to be compressed. The second supply of water intercepted by the blades fol,- lows the gas into their companion tubes, thereby compressing the gas and forcing it outward nearer the outlet ends of the tubes. This action is repeated as the blades continue to intercept the various sheets of water, which may be as numerous as the alternate i n entrance of water and gas intothe tubes willV ermit so as to obtain the maximum volume P v WhenA the compressed gasvreaches the outlet Yends of the capillary tubes, 1t is discharged intoV vthe water contained in the shroud 24;, this water acting as a seal for preventing the gas blowing back vthrough one `or more tubes. Because Y of the rapid rotation of the impeller, the gas is displaced from the shroud and' emerges from the water therein into the from water. The gas iiows through these ports in either direction and dischargesjinto the surroundingl portion of `thevimpeller chamber 13. From the latter, theV Vand water pass through the pump outlet- 14 to a oughly separated. Y

It will be understood from the foregoing that as the impeller-carrying tubes 22 are of capillary dimensions for the liquidv used, no liquid can pass through them except in lthe form of asolid'plug Vcarrying the gas before it; Furthermore, no tube can get into a state of balance between the resistance due to theV pressure on its outer end and the moving force of the contained liquid, for the i Y suitable receiver'. in which `they are thor- The operation of this centrifugal com! reason that the liquid is Vsupplied at frequent intervals to the inner end of the tube.

' The water usedfor compressing the gas empties from the tube 22 into the shroud 24,

transverse groovesor ports 27 which are free l thus establishing and constantly-maintainc ing the liquidv seal; the surplus water in the shroud is thrown Vout into the impeller chamber and thence through its discharge. Liquids of any density may be employed in the operation of this pump, water, however, serving for mostconditions. For high pressure compressions, water solutions of high specific gravity, such as calcium chloride may be used; and for extremelyV high pressures or high vacua, mercury may be employed. i

i This centrifugal compressor may be used i as a'dry vacuum pump for removing air from surface condensers in power plants, or as a wet vacuum pump for removing both air and water from surface or jet condensers.r Furthermore, it has low frictional losses dueto the impeller revolving in a gaslled casing and not being immersed in a liquid; lalso by using a cool liquid, the gas will be kept close to the temperature of the liquid during compression asit is in intimate contact therewith and with the tubewalls which are. cooledrand wettedby the liquid. Y

In addition to the uses above mentioned,

intenso. 7, f 'y ,3

this pnmp can beemployedor. compressing steam in a E reconipiession y evaporator sysK temvby iising .a liquider solution,having` i-lclaim as my invention -f gas and l'quid inlets and af'dischargafan im# p cllerfrotatableY in said casing, said 'im-pell'ern 'having peripheral thepassagefof` the gasand-the liq lf,- andl blades carried bythe impelllerv and disposedadjacent the inletjjendso intercepting and direct" successive ch arges of liquid and gasto said` impeller openings.

2. A compressor `ofM the character described, comprising a pump-casing having an inlet for the gas tobe compressed and an impeller chamber having a discharge, animpeller rotatable iii said. chamber and'having a gas-receiving y rchamber Acommunieating with said inlet, the periphery of saidA impeller having discharge passagesi'or the gas, andblades carried by the impeller'and ex# tending into the gas-receiving 'chamber thereof forv directing' liquid to said passages' for compressing the gas andforcing. it outward into the impeller chamber, saidA blades'v being curved in a direction to extend over thel 'inlet ends oi the impeller-passages to hold a quantity of liquid and the tips of said blades being spaced from one another to admit the liquid and gas between them.

3. A compressor of the character described, comprising a pump-casing including an impeller chamber containing an outlet and a suction'chamber containing a gas inlet, a' hollow impeller rotatable in said ini-y peller chamber and communicating with.

said gas inlet and having discharge openings in its periphery, the impeller including bladesdisposed substantially radially of its inner wall and adjacent the inletends oi its discharge openings, and means ,for delivering a compressorfliquid intov the ypath of' travelof said blades, said blades intercepting quantities'of liquid and thecentri'fugal force created bythe revolving impelle'r forcing the liquid from the blades into saikll imy' peller-openings. f

Li. `A compressor yof the character de# scribed, comprising a pump-casing.havingV an inlet forcthe gas to be compressed and anv impeller chamber having. a discharge, an

- impeller rotatable in said chamber and having a gasereceiving chamber communicating withsaidinlet, the periphery of said im` peller having a plurality orn substantially radial dischargepassages for the fluid, a

j liquid-distributing means for delivering the liquid in thin radial sheet-s into the gas-re-v ceiving chamber of the impeller, and means` carried by the impeller for intercepting the sheets of liquid and directing 'them intosaid v Limpeller passages.

having ischa'rgo openings for openings 'for 5.,y A" ycompressor :j of the. characterA kdef 1 scribed, comprisinga: pump-casing 'having an inlet for .the gas tobe compfessednd.. Y.

an impeller chamberfhavingadischarge, an, impeller vrotatable in-*said chamber andy having a ygas-,receiving chamberl communicating' Wvithgsaidiinlet, the ,peripherynofgsaid im-l peller having .a pluralityfof passages for .f

conductingtlie gasinto the iinpel'lerrhaim. l y

ber, blades carriedyby the impeller-and exi' 'n.g; into its gas-receiving chamber, and means for deliveringsheets of liquid outwardly into the latter, said blades' intercept-,i v

ing saidsheets and directing theyliquidinto `the.'impellerqoassages to compress force the :gas therethrough-, K Y 1. f

G. compressor-,off the cliaracterde scribed ,I comprising a pump-casing; .having ani-inlet'- Afor the gas to be compressedgand- `an impeller chamber having a discharge, anj impe-ller rotatable in said chamber, 'and Y ing'A a fgasggrec'' eiving'` .chamber commu-nica ngi with, sai-d inlet, the periphery oisa'id n!A pellerghaving a pluralitygo passages 'for condiictingthe fluid intoithe impellercham;A

ber', blades carried by the lfmpeller and;

- tending intoits gas-receiving?chamber,

means for delivering slieetsfo liqiiid vout-- Wardly kinto .the latter, :said/'blades...being curved and, extending over the inletI ends ofv the f ,inipeller-passagesj- ,andV f adapted to; VVre'-v ceive and direct the-)liquid 1 intercepted tliem into said passages', whereby tlieggas fis?r compressed and forced through the Sailliein'-l i tothey siirroundingimpeller chamber.. i

A Y -,or'i'ipressorL4 'off' the character dee lili) 'i inlet for the gas .tolbe compressedgand a'n rimpel/ler chamber having av` discharge,;`an im Y pel-ler 1 having' peripheral discharge passages rotatable in said chamber and communicat= j :inipeller having peripheral discharge pas,-

scribed, comprising a pumpcasing having" van 'inletl for the lgigas-jte, be compressed andE an impeller,chamberhaving,adischarge, an' y fi 4sages rota-tableinsaid chamberand commii-V ff nicat-ingWith,.saidluidlinlemmeans1for ad.- l

initting a liquidaintofthe inip'eller, means for flirectingoharges `of then iiid and the'liq'uid" tosaid impeller passages, and a` .shroud car-V riedv byv andv encirclingfthe im'peller andiV adapted tol-receive the'v liquid andgasex. pelledfrom said impeller-passages, the outlet-ends oier thelatter extending into the li-vv` lquid,contz'iined*in the shroud.- y i' v 9; compressor vor thel character de?y scribed, comprising pumpfca's'ing-L haying .an inlet for the gas to be compressedandrianrl impeller chamber having a1 discharge,fanim,

izof

YVsaid impellerrpassages, the periphery of the impeller having gas-escapement ports bepeller having Aperipheral Vdischarge passages rotatable in said chamber and communicating xvithsaid gas-inlet, means for admitting a liquid intoV the impeller, means for-directing charges of the gas andthe liquid tovsaid impeller-passages,anda shroud carried by and encircling the impeller and adaptedto receive the liquid and gas expelled from tween adjoining passages, and the outlet ends ofthe latter extending into the liquid contained in the shroud. c

`l0. A compressor of the character described, comprising a pump-casing having an inlet for the gas to be compressed and an impeller chamber having a discharge, an 1mvpeller having'peripheral dischargepassages rotatable in said chamber and communicatscribed, Y comprising j a pump-casing having an inlet and anV outlet lfor both liquidand gas,` 'anrimpellerV rotatable in Vsaid'qcasing and including va central chamber communi- V@ating with said'gas and liquid inlet, said` impellerhaving a plurality of peripheral* Vdischarge openings Vcommunicating jatV their inner ends With the chamber of the impeller,

blades carried by the impeller'an'd extendingl into its ch'amberxalongside the discharge openingsand over the mouths thereof and shaped to receive and direct the liquid inter'- Vceptedby them into saidjdischarge openings.

' VBURTONS.

ing With said gas-inlet, means for admittingV q Y -f a liquid into the impeller, means for Vdirecting charges of the gas and the liquid to said `impellerfpassages,and a` shroud carried by and encircling the'impellerl and having annularlanges at its opposite edges extending inwardly beyond'the periphery of' the impeller, said` shroud being adapted to receive theV liquid and gas expelled from said im- .i peller-passages, thevoutlet ends of the latter a extending into the liquid contained in the shroud and the periphery of the impeller having" gas-escapement ports between adjoining x'passages communicating `With the impeller-chamber. l

11. AnV impeller forma centrifugal compresser, comprising a chambered-body having discharge passages, in its periphery,

bladessextending into the interior of said body for directing gas and liquid into said passages, and a shroud carried by and sur-- rounding the periphery of said body.

l2; An impeller `for a centrifugalbompressor, comprising a chambered-body hav-V ing substantially radial dischargey passages, and transverse' grooves in its periphery disposed alternatelybetvveen the outlet ends of said passages, and blades extending into the interior of said body for directing gas and liquid into said passages,said grooves form- Y ing escapement ports for lthe gas.

. 13. An impeller for a centrifugal `compressor, comprising a chambered-bodyhav- 'ing substantially radial discharge passages and transverse grooves in its peripheryldis-V posed `alternately between the outlet vends ot lLA compressor, ofl the characterfde-v

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