US1766641A - Burner for hard fuel - Google Patents

Description

June 24, 1930. O JACKSON 1,766,641

BURNER FOR HARD FUEL Filed Jan. 26. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l 24 TTU /VE/ June 24, 1930. A. o. JACKSON BURNER FOR HARD FUEL Filed Jan. 26. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A/A/E-N 773 Fatented June 24, 1930 ATE-NT F F 1 CI E ANDREW O. JACKSON, OF PORTLAND, OREGON BURNER non HARD FUEL Application filed January 26, 1928. Serial No. 249,517.

This invention relates generally to the burning of hard or solid fuel in crushed or cut form such as coal, sawdust, or cut fuel.

The main object of this invention is to provide a means for securing complete combustion of fuel.

The second object is to supply the correct proportion of air and fuel at the most desirable temperature and at the correct loca- 11 tion.

The third object is to make it possible to pass air through a thin layer of burning fuel. I

The fourth object is to provide an accurate adjustment for the fuel feeding mecha nism whereby the thiclmess of the layer of burning fuel: can be easily adjusted.

The fifth object is. to provide a means for pre-heating and controlling a secondany air supply and. delivering same to the base of the flame.

The sixthv object is to provide a means for removing ashes from the secondary air chamber.

The seventh object is to provide an auxiliary air supply opening into the smoke outlet fromthe primary air chamber.

The eighth object is to provide a novel form. of fuel hopper which will eliminate so the tendency for the fuel to clog as it enters the burner.

These,and other objects, will become more apparent from the specification following as illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

. in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the device of which Figure 2 is a horizontal section throughthe fuel hopper taken along the line 22' in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a section through a portion of the fuel hopper taken, along the line 3-3 in Figure 1. Figure is a transverse section through the lower portion of the burner. Figure 5 is a horizontal section through the burner taken along the line 5-5 in Figure 4a Figure 6 is a; vertical section taken along the line 6-6 in Figure 1.

Similar numbersof reference refer to the similar parts throughout the several views.

59 Referring in: detail to the drawings the device about to be described is adapted to be used in connection with a type of furnace 10 whose relative position is indicated in dotted lines. The device itself consists of a base 11 on which is mounted a cylindrical casing 12 which is provided with a' cover 13'having an upwardly flanged central opening 14 around the under side of which is formed an annular rib 15. The casing 12 is provided with an inwardly turned lower flange 16 and an inwardly turned upper flange 1'7. Art the front of the casing 12 is provided vertical front frame 18 on which are mounted the ash-pit door 19 which provided with a damper door 20 and a fire 5 door 21 which is provided with a damper 22'and an inspection door 23 through which the state of the fire can be readily observed. A perforated quadrant 2a is mounted on the side of the frame 18 and carries a perforated arm 25 which is pivot-ally attached to the quadrant'2l by means of the pivot 26. A movable stop pin 27 occupies one of the perforations on the quadrant 24 below the arm 25. Chains 28 and 29 connect the arm 25 to the damper doors 20' and 22 so that by adjusting the fastenings between the arm 25 andhe chains 28 and 29 the draft may be readily controlled. A chain 29A fastened to the end of the arm 25'1nay be carried to so any remote control in a convenient manner. At the back of the casing 12 is placed a smoke outlet frame 30 whose outlet opening flange 31' projects into the furnace 10. Obviously this would include any form of heat chamber into which it is desired to introduce heat in the form of fully or partially consumed gas. On the lower flange 16 is mounted a circular grate 32 whose under side isprovided with slots 33 and whose inner face may be sloping or vertical but in any event must be sufficiently steep to insure the ready escape of the ashes. Upon the grate 32 is mounted a ring shaped perforated lining 3% which extends up to the flange- 17 forming a secondary air heating compartment 35 within which is placed a circular pipe 36 provided with perforations 37 where steam or air may be discharged into the secondary air compartments 35 for the purpose of removing any accumulation of ashes. The lining is provided with openings 38 through which heated air can pass from the secondary compartment 35 to the base of the flame rising from the grate 32. The rearward portion 39 of the lining 34 is cut away in front of the outlet opening 31. Around the upper side of the flange 17 are placed the fire bricks 40 whose ends are butted against the inturned flanges 41 of the casing 12. On top of the fire bricks 40 rests the flange 42 of the cylindrical stuffing box 43 whose upper end engages the under side of the cover 13 just inside of the annular rib 13. Through the stuffing box 43 is passed the cylindrical fuel magazine 44. Insulating material 45 fills the space between the walls of the stufiing box 43 and the outside of the magazine 44 and insulation 46 fills the space above the fire bricks 40 and the flange 42. A gland ring 47 which is placed round the magazine 44 covers the stuffing box and fits outside of the opening 14. The tie bolts 48 connect the base 11 and the cover 13 and the bolts 49 whose heads pass through the magazine 44 support same from the gland ring 47. Within the magazine 44 is mounted a plate 50 whose sides 51 are provided with a slot 552 which receives the pins 53. The function of the plate 50 is to support the fuel 54 above same when it is desired to clean out the burner. Ordinarily the plate 50 is swung to the position shown in dotted lines in Figure 1. Above the fuel magazine 44 is mounted a hopper consisting of the somewhat flat rear side 55 and the rounded front 56 on which are mounted two or more angles 57 as shown whose function it is to further assist in preventing crowding of the fuel at the lower end of the hopper thereby overcoming one of the common objections to hopper feeding. The rear side 55 of the hopper is provided with a round central portion58 which also facilitates the travel of fuel dowmvardly from the hopper into the magazine 44. Around the top edge of the hopper is secured a stiffening frame 59 on the rear edge of which is mounted a bearing 60 for the upright shaft 61 which extends downwardly along the axis of the magazine 44 and there is secured to the lower end thereof a sloping floor 62 whose outer edge 63 is somewhat vertical and merges gradually into a horizontal flange 64 which projects under the circular grate 32. The upper end of the shaft 61 projects loosely through a floor-rotating hand lever (55 on whose hub (36 is formed a sloping face 67. Above the hand lever 65 is placed a clean-out lever 68 having a sloping face 69 which engages the face 67 of the hand lever 65. The shaft 61 is threaded into the lever 68 and locks thereto by means of a nut 70. A number of openings 71 extend through the grate 32 and the cover plate 73 is slidably placed on the grate 32 for the purpose of controlling the flow of air through said openings '71 from the primary air chamber 74 into the smoke outlet opening 31. A hand lever 75 passes through the easing 12 and engages a slotin the plate 73 for the purpose of operating same. It will be noted thatwith this construction the burning gases are confined within a relatively small area within which they are subjected to an intense heat for the purpose of raising every particle of fuel therein to a degree of temperature which will permit same to completely unite with oxygen, however, if for any reason any of the gases should pass from the burncr in an unconsumed condition due to a shortage of oxygen they can be supplied therewith through the openings 71. It will also be observed that the fuel being burned is around the rim of the burner that is between the outer portion of the floor (32 and the grates 32 resulting in a rim fire from a relatively thin bed of fuel where an intense heat is generated and in which the surrounding metallic structures are protected by air currents which while keeping the temperature of the grates and other associated parts down to a safe de ree are themselves raised in temperature sui 'ciently to be highly beneficial to the combustion taking place within the burner.

The operation of the device is as follows: The fuel which may be either crushed coal, sawdust, or cut fuel is placed in the hop )er and finds its way by gravity into the uel magazine 44 it being assumed that the plate 50 has been pulled out of the magazine. The magazine 44 is now moved vertically through the stuffing box 43 by means of the nuts 41) until the lowermost end of the magazine 44 is at the desired distance above the floor 62 which is assumed to be in its uppermost position. The fire having been started around the rim of the grates 34 the relation of air passing through the dampers 20 and 22 and the fuel passing downwardly from the magazine 44 are controlled until the fire is well under way at which time the supply of air and fuel can be further regulated until their proportions be such as to provide complete combustion and of course entire elimination of smoke. The state of combustion can be readily ascertained by opening the door 23. If it appears at any time that any of the fuel is passing out through the openmg 31 in an unconsumed state it is only necessary to admit a further supply of oxygen through the openings 71 or to vary the amount passing upwardly through the grate 32 and through the openings 38 until the correct proportions are attained. If it is desired to admit more fuel to the burner or to have a thicker layer of burning fuel it is only necessary to raise the magazine 44. To increase the supply of air passing through the grates, it is of course necessary to lower the floor 62 by rotating the shaft 61 with relation to the lever 68 into which it is fitted and again locking same by means of the nut 70. If for any reason the grate should become clogged it is only necessary to move the lever 65 which will permit the entire floor 62 to drop to the position shown by the dotted line in Figure 1 and of course a reverse operation will restore it to its former position. Attention is drawn to the fact that air from the secondary air heating compartment 35 will naturally be very hot and owing to the location of the openings 38 this super-heated air will be directed into the base of the flame rising from the rim of the grates.

It is preferaole to provide a lug 77 on the under side of the lever 68 which will engage a notch on the upper side of the lever 65 for the purpose of preventing an accidental change in relation of these parts.

I am aware that many formsof burners for out fuel have been constructed in the past; I therefore do not claim such devices broadly but I do intend to cover all such forms and modifications thereof as fall fairly within the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A burner having an upright fuel magazine and having an outwardly sloping floor each of which is vertically movable independently of the other and having a per forated grate around said floor between which and said floor fuel falling from said magazine can be burned and means for controlling the supply of air through said perforated grate into the combustion area.

2. A furnace having an outer casing, a secondary air heating compartment formed within said casing having air outlet holes in its inner side, a grate around the lower edge of said compartment, a fuel magazine mounted above said grate and vertically movable with relation thereto, a floor under said fuel magazine sloping downwardly from its center toward said grate, means for adjusting the height of said floor with relation to said grate, means for controlling the supply of air flowing through said grate and means for controlling the supply of air passing through said secondary heating compartment.

3. A burner having in combination an outer casing, a fuel magazine mounted within said casing, a floor below the lower end of said magazine sloping upwardly toward the center of said magazine a secondary air heating compartment Iormed around the base of said fuel magazine, a grate between the lower edge of said secondary air heating compartment and the outer portion of said floor through which air can b admitted to the fuel from under said floor, said secondary compartment having perforations in the inner side thereof through which air can be admitted above the burning fuel, a smoke outlet passing through said casing and damper means for controlling the supply of air from below said floor into said smoke outlet.

4. A fuel magazine having a circular grate mounted below the bottom thereof, a floor within said grate, a Vertical shaft passing through said magazine for suspending said floor, a lever by means of which said floor may be lowered for cleansing purposes and adjusting means on said shaft whereby the relative position of said floor and said grate can be varied.

5. A fuel burner having an outer casing, a fuel magazine extending downwardly through the top of said casing, having a stufling box provided with means for varying the elevation of said magazine, a circular perforated lining mounted around the lower end of said magazine and spaced there from a secondary air heating compartment formed around said lining having means for controlling the supply of air admitted thereto, a grate around the lower edge of said lining, a floor under said grate sloping upwardly toward the center of said magazine, damper means for controlling the supply of air admitted to the under side of said floor and means for controlling the relative position of said floor, grate and magazine.

ANDREW Oi JACKSON.

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