US1749334A - Forging machine and the like - Google Patents

Description

O. GEORG FORGING MACHINE AND THE LIKE March 4, 1930.

Filed Sent. 30, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 7 ham/0r We Georg March 4, 1930. o. GEdRG I 1,749,334

FORGING momma: AND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 30, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Rttornc Patented Mar. 4, 1930 UNITED STAT-ES PATENT OFFICE OTTO GEOBG, OF DUSSELDORF, GERMANY rename macnmn Ann was LIKE Application filed September 80, 1926, Serial No. 188,634, and in Germany August 5,1925.

This invention refers broadly to gripping or clamping and jolting or upsetting machines and it refers particularly to a device for effecting the movement of the gripping 6 or clamping die or carriage on horizontal forging machines and the like in. which use is made of a longitudinally movable heading die or carriage operated by a main crank on.

a crank shaft and agripping or clamping car- 10 riage movable substantially at right angle to the heading die and adapted for the clamp ing of the piece of work under treatment. The invention generally considered comprises novel and improved means of crank and toggle lever type for effecting the movement of the grippin or clamping carriage,

v and its object is two old, first, to relieve the headingdie of the work of transmitting mo tion to the'toggle-lever mechanism which actuates the gripping die, thus preventing violent wear and tear upon the machine due to racking and jamming of such working parts when so coupled and employed, and, second,

F to provide for the operation of the toggle lever mechanism from an auxiliary crank on the crank shaft so arranged wit-h respect to the maincrank and coacting with a toggle lever mechanism comprising atleast three sets of toggle lever devices as to secure an easy andsmooth workmg motion of the parts in place of the racking motion referred to, as

well as to secure a novel phase change in the working actions of the clamping and heading dies in the cycle of action of the machine whereby certain desirable and important working andcommercial advantages are .obtained.

and heading dies as heretofore operated the working parts are so combined, proportioned and timed :that a range of movement or time period of travel of the plunger die equal to at lea'st one-half of the full travel of said plunger die in the direction of its working strokeis necessary to effect a movement of the clamping die from open to closed or clamping position. In those commercial machines in which the toggle lever 5 mechanism is coupled to a plunger die oper@ ated by a crank upon an actuating crank shaft views respectively corresponding theworking action is very violent and causes great wear and tear upon the frame and working parts and the timing is such in the cycle of action that the clamping die is closed just before the plunger die engages the work and the effective working stroke of the plunger die is therefore limited and made comparatively short as a result of the phase or timing restriction thus imposed upon it. In other words, the parts of such amachine are subject to derangement and breakage and the plunger die has a very short upsetting action, reduced to less than 50% of its range of travel in a working direction, so that the machine is not only expensive to maintain but is of greater length than should be required in proportion to the useful upsetting stroke obtained. My invention is designed to overcome not only any violent racking actions of a machine in which the toggle lever mechanism is actuated by the plunger die, but also to effect a phase change in the working actions of the clamping and plunger dies, whereby the clamping die is closed on'or before the plunger die has completed the first quarter of its travel in the heading direction, thus enabling a long upsetting stroke to be obtainedwithout increasing the length of the machine, or, conversely, to enable a short upsetting stroke, as in prior standard machines, to be obtained in a machine of smaller size and less expensive in construction and operation than a standard machine.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing showing-by way of exemplification several embodiments of the principles thereof. In standard machines employing clamping In Figure 1 I have shown for the sake of comparison and diagrammatically the wellknown arrangement for the movement of the clamping or gripping carriage according to the previous art,-wl1ile in Figure 2 the arrangement according to this invention is shown diagrammatically.-

In Figures 3 and 4 a form of construction illustrating the lever connection for the gripping carriage is shown respectively in side view and plan view. A modified form of construction is shown in Figures 5 and 6 in two foe to those of Figures 3 and 4. A third modified construction is illustrated in Figures 7 to 9 showingvFigure 1, and considering theliighest point in its orbit of rotation to be the zero or 0 point starts from the 270 dead center-position. Inasmuch as at least a 90 degree travel ot the crank is necessary for the closing of the clamping jaws, almost half of the workthe machine to be built.

ing stroke of the machine is lost for an upsetting action as during this part of the working stroke the clamping .jaws are being closed. If, however, the clamping or gripping members are operated from a crank arranged in accordance with my invention, and used in conjunction with a triple toggle lever it becomes possible, as illustrated in Figure2, to start the main crank from a position degrees ahead of the 270 dead center position, or from the 225 point, and the 90 degrees which are necessary for the-closing of the clamping jaws are then disposed in such a manner that only a very small portion of the entire working stroke is required for the clamping or gripping operation, while the remainder of the working stroke is employed for the jolting or upsetting operation proper. The advantage of this new arrangement is very obvious, i. e., a greater length of stroke may be obtained in a standard size machine or the stroke may be reduced so as .to result in reduced length of the crank drive rods and consequently allowing a shorter and more compact and less expensive construction of Other advantages are also gained, as hereinafter fully described.

In Figures 3 and 4 a form of construction embodying the principles of my invention is' shown. The clamping or gripping carriage 1 for the gripping of the piece of work is linked by means of the pressure link 2 to one arm of the elbow lever 3 adapted to be rotated on the stationary pivot 4:. -To the other arm of lever 3 the pressure link 5 is operatively connected which link pivotally couples said lever to the auxiliary carriage 6. The auxiliary carriage is operated from, the main crank shaft 31 by the knuckle pin 8 and the crank bar or connecting rod 7. The crank or knuckle 8 is situatedat'a certain angle a in this instance about 135 ahead of the'main crank 32, the crank 8 starting at about the 90 point, as indicated in Figure 3 of the drawing, so that the clamping or gripping action takes place while themain crank 32 is moved in the so-called sneaking are (Fig. 2).

The operation with the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 will'be readily understood from the drawing and following description. In the starting position, considering the highest point in the orbit of rotation of crank 32 to be the zero or 0 point, the auxiliary crank 8 is at the 90 point and themain crank 32 at the. 225 point, in which positionsof the cranks 8 and 32 the clamping die 1 isfully open or retracted and the heading die has traveled seven-eighths of its backward or return travel from the end of its working stroke. On the movement of the crank 8 from the 90 to the 270 position the carriage (i is moved the full distance of its rear\ and travel, carrying with it the link 5 which as it movesbackwardly also swings outwardly from the dotted line to the full line position shown in Fig. 4, as a result of which combined movements the link has a reducing diti'ercntial motion transmitting action whereby the 180 angle movement of the crank 8 is converted into a 45 angle movement of lever 3, thus setting or bringing the link 2 and coacting arm 3 into longitudinal alinement and fully closing the clan'iping die 1. During this clamping-die closing-action of parts 8, 7, (i, 5, 3 and 2-the main crank 32 moves through the 90 are from the 225 point to the 315 point, on the first-half of which (between the 225 and the 270 points) the heading die is fully retracted and on the second half of which (between the 270 and 315 points) the heading die is moved forward'one-eighth part of itsheadingstroke, so that the clamping die closing portion of the orbit of the crank shaft, equal to one fourth of the range of travel of the plunger die in either direction, is so disposed as to be divided or apportioned between the final eighth portion of the return stroke of the plunger and first eighth portion of the working stroke of said die. The clamping die remains closed during the full period of the remaining seven-eighths part of the working stroke of the plunger die for the reason that during this period of action of the plunger 'die a'n-idle period or period of dwell of the toggle lever mechanism proper occurs, during which the to gle lever mechanism retains cause but a slight rocking motion of parts 2 and 3 in this portion of the orbit-cf travel of the crank 8, which rocking motion is insutlicient to break the toggle lever lock between parts 23 or to release the grip of the clamping die 1 on the clamped work. Thus it will be seen that the main crankand the auxiliary crank and coacting parts of the-toggle lever clamping die actuating mechanism. are so This follows from the fact the parts 7 and 8,'idle and remaining .set to hold the clamping die closed during the remainder of the cycle of operation of the upsetting die.

Another modified form of construction is shown in Figures 5 and 6. The crank 9 arranged at about the same distance as in Figure 5 ahead of the main crank 32, acts, by means of a link or pitman rod 10, to transmit its movement to the upper arm of a bell-crank rocking lever 11, from which the movement, by means of the lower arm of said lever and the pressure link 12, is transmitted to the carriage 13 and thence by way of the pressure link 14. to the toggle lever system 15, 16 and in its turn to the clainpingslide 17. The threefold toggle lever action is thereby produced by the crank 9 and the pitman rod 10, by the elbow lever 11 and the pressure link 12, and by the pressure link 15 and the pressure link 16.

With this construction the arrangement is such that the auxiliary crank 9 starts its clamping die closing motion at about the 00 point, while the main crank 32 is in the region between the 207 and 225 points, and the crank 9 ends its clamping die closing motion at about the 150 point and begins its clamping die releasingmotion at about the 240 point, during which the crank .32 is traveling from the 207 or 225 point to the 270 point on the final part of the return movement of the lieadingdie and from the 270 point" to the 297 or 315 point on the fore part of the working travel of the heading-die, from which it will be evident that the clam ing die closing movement is completed be ore the heading die has made an eighth portion of its next succeeding working motion. It will also be evident from the foregoing that the crank 9 on its60240 travel pulls the upper arm of lever 11 downward sothat said lever makes a 45 counterclockwise rocking motion while crank 9 is moving'through the 90 are from the ,60 point to the 150, on which portion of the60 -240 travel the other arm of lever 11 and link 12 are straightened out to close the clamping die, and that from the 150 point to the 350 point the crank pin 9 is equidistant from the pivot connecting. rod 10 with the lever 11, and that, therefore, between the 150 and 330 points the rod swings on said pivot as a center of motion, the crank 9 and rod 1.0 having any idling action so far ms their effect on the lever 11 is concerned,

and that from the 330 point to the 60 point the crank pin 9 rocks the lever clockwise back to its original position and in so doing opens the clamping die. While, therefore, the

mechanism between the same and the carriage remain idle or in a set position to hold the clamping die closed. When the crank 9 reaches the 60 point the crank 32 will have reached the 207 or 225 point and there will be a repetition of the cycle of action of the operating parts as above described.

In the form of construction according to Figures 7 to 9 the threefold toggle lever action is combined with. a special doubleoperating point bearing of the clamping or gripping carriage. From the crank shaft 18'the main carriage or plunger die 20 is reciprocated by means of the main crank 32 and the pressure rod 19. The crank shaft 18 is provided at its end with a disc 21 carrying an auxiliary stud 22. This knuckle is connected by the link rod 23 to the rocking lever 24 mounted upon a stationary stud 25. 13v

means of the stud 26 a pressure rod 27 is operatively connected to the slide carriage 28 which by means of the two hinged links or levers 29 is opcratively connected to the clamping die or carriage 30. The threefold toggle lever action in this modification is effected between the crank 22 and the link or pitman rod 23 and on the other hand between the rocking lever 24 and the pressure rod 27 ,and between the hinged carriage 28 and the clamping carriage30 by the intermediary of the two hinged links 29.

The operation, with the construction shown in, Figs. 7 8 and 9, in which the connecting rod 23 is. coupled to the lower arm of the bell crank lever 24, instead of to the upper arm .of said lever, in which respect the construction differs from the rod and'lever connection shown in Figs. 5 and 6, is as follows: 1

Figs. 7 and 9 show the starting position, at whichtime the auxiliary crank 1S at'about the 135 point and the main crank 32 may be at a point between the 225 point, and the links 29 lie at an oblique angle between the retracted clamping die 30 point and the and the carriage 28. In the travel of the partof its travel on its working stroke. During the movement of crank 32 from the 225 point to the 315 point, the auxiliary crank 22 travels the 90 are from the point to the 225 point and in so doing draws back- Ward on the lower arm of lever 24 and rocks said'lever through a 45 arc, in which action the uppper arm of said lever operates through rod 27 and slide carriage 28 to position,

straighten out the links 29 to the parallel position at right angles to carriage 28 shown in Fig. 9, thereby shifting die to clamping which movement of die 30 to clamping position thus occurs on the first eighth art of the working stroke of die 20. The

links 29 hold the die 30 in clamping position as long as they (the links) maintain the parallel relation shown in Fig. 9, in which relation they remain until lever 24 is shifted from the thrown position above referred to on its movement back to the reverse position shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Crank 32 on its clockwise. movement from the 315 point to the 90 point performs its effective headingstroke and then, as the clockwise movement of crank 32 continues, the backward travel of the die 20 begins. During this movement of crank 32 fronrthe 315 point to the 90 point the crank 22 travels through an idle are tion without transmission of motion to carriage 28, the lever 24 and links 29 being retracted on the movement of crank 22 from the 315 point to the 135 point, a large portion of which travel is taken up in shifting the lever 24 to a position in which it acts through rod 27. and carriage 28 to return the links 29'to their normal oblique position and retract the die 30. so that said die 30 remains in clamping position until after the die 20 has completed its upsetting stroke. From the 90 to the 225 points of travel of crank 82 die 20 is moving seven-eighths of the full range of its backward travel and crank 22 again assumes the 225 point position, thus again bringing the parts back to the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

It will be observed that in each of the several forms of the invention herein disclosed a motion transmitting mechanism consisting of three sets of toggle lever devices is employed in connection with a working auxiliary crank on the crank shaft arranged at a certain angle with relation to the main crank on said shaft,

and that in each case the motion transmitting 'mechanism includes a bell crank lever and a slide carriage or cross-head, one or the other of which is coupled tothe auxiliary crank by a connecting rod having alone or in connection with a bell crank lever or other part .to which it is coupled certain idle and acting periods and effecting certain motion transmitting actions whereby the objectionsto the use of clamping die operating mecha nism actuated directly by and from the heading die are not only avoided but the ratio of the working (upsetting) range of the plunger die on its working stroke increased or knee action.

with respect to the ratio of non-working or .idle die-closing period range of the plunger die on such stroke, so that a new timing or phase action or periodical variation from prior working actions is produced, whereby (1) a longer gripping action and a longer actual upsetting action may be obtained without increasing the cycle period, or whereby (2) a wider opening and closing action of the clamping die may be secured for gripping large work pieces without increasing the cycle period, or whereby (3) a combination of these advantages may be obtained, i. e., a wider range of movement of the clamping die with a longer range of actual upsetting movement of the heading die, without increasing the cycle. period. Obviously, also, the employment of an auxiliary crank and threefold toggle lever mechanism of the character described gives anotherand very important advantage, in that a quick gripping action in connection with a short upsetting die stroke may be used if desired and the machine correspondingly shortened, with resultant economy in the initial cost of manufacture as well as in the operation of the machine.

In practice I have found that the use of a an actuating crank gives a range of motion equal to 10% of the working stroke of the heading die and that each addition of a toggle lever device after the first increases the motion range to the extent of 20% more, so that by using a working combination of three toggle lever devices a motion transmitting range equal'to 50% of the working stroke of the plunger die may be obtained, and I have further found that by employing such a chain of three toggle lever devices in connection with an auxiliary crank set at an angle of at least 45 with relation to the firstnamcd main crank a mechanism properly combined for a motion transmittingrange equal to at least of the total range of travel of the heading die, with the proper non-motion, idle or dwell period for" the clamping die required for the lengthy/gripping period employed, will be produced without further increasing the number of toggle lever devices used in the chain, such arrangement of the cranks giving the proper motion range and phasing or timing of the dies without the use of more than three toggle lever devices, which would otherwise be required.

The invention may find expression in other eml'ioi'linients and there are no other restrictions in regard to the construction and relative arrangement of the parts except as particularly set forth and pointed out in the appended claims, and it isalso to be understood that the toggle lever action may be effected by such a combination of several levers as to produce a manifold toggle leversingle toggle lever device 'in connection with v20 2. In means for operating the heading and 30 and the clamping die and cooperating with I claim: 1. In means for operating the heading and dieclamping dies of a forging machine, a heading die, a clamping die, a crank shaft 5 having a main crank and an auxiliary crank set at an angle of at least 45 ahead of the main crank, the said main crank being coupled to the heading die for operating the same, and a three-fold toggle lever mechanism connecting the auxiliary crank and the clamping die and coacting with said auxiliary crank on each cycle of action of the machine to start the closing of the clamping die before the heading die has started its heading stroke and to complete the closing of the clamping die before the heading die has completed the first quarter of its heading stroke and to hold it closed during the remainder of such stroke.

clamping dies of a forging or like machine, a reciprocating heading die, a reciprocating clamping die, a drive shaft having main and auxihary cranks ofiset at an angle of at least 45 with relation to each other, a connecting rod between the main crank and heading die for reciprocating the latter, and a system of at least three toggle lever m'otion transmitting devices connecting the auxiliary crank said auxiliary crank to start a closing movement of the clamping die while the-heading die is being retracted after a heading stroke and to complete the closing movement of the clamping die before the heading die has com gleted the first quarter of its succeeding eading stroke.

3. In means for operating the heading and clamping dies. of a forging machine, a head, 40 ing die, a clamping die, a crank shaft having a main crank and an auxiliary crank set at an angle of at least with relation to each other, a connecting rod between the main crank and the heading die, a slide carriage, 45 and connecting means between the auxiliary crank and the slide carriage and between the latter and the clamping die, the same comprising a system of at least three toggle lever motion transmitting devices operatively constructed and connected for coaction with each other and with the auxiliary crank to start a closingmovement of the clamping die while the heading die is being retracted following a heading stroke thereof and to complete the closing movement of the clamping die before the heading die has completed the first quarter of its succeeding heading stroke while holding the clamping die closed during the remaining three quarters of said heading o stroke.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

7 OTTO GEORG.

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