US1737439A - Typewriting machine - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 26, 1929. B. c. STICKNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Fiied June 12, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Awe/772x" Nov. 26, 1929. r B. c. STICKNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed June 12, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Awe/179x".-

Nov. 26, 1929.

'B. C. STICKNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed June 12, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet I5 Nov. 26, 1929. B. c. STICKNEY 1,

I TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed June 12, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Y 4 mxxxmimmuqp Patented Nov. 26, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BURNHAM C. STICKNEY, OF HILLSIDE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB T UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE TYTPE'WRITING MACHINE Application filed June 12,

This invention relates to the key-controlled type-actions of typewriting machines in which the types strike through an inking ribbon upon the front of the platen.

One of the objects of the invention is to minimize the noise of the types striking the work-sheet on the platen, although certain of the power-drive and other features herein shown are also useful in machines which are not designed to reduce noise.

A feature of the invention is an improved system of front-strike folded pivotal typebars or linkages arranged in an arc in front of the platen and swinging upwardly and striking rearwardly against the platen, each type-bar carrying preferably two types and controlled by a single key.

According to the best practice in type-actions, the type-bar. has been heretofore started into action slowly, and its speed has been augmented throughout the printing stroke and has become very high just at the printing point, striking a sharp blow and emitting a sharp sound. It is a feature of the present invention that the type-end of the type-bar is materially retarded as it closely approaches the printing point, and is moving slowly at the moment of impact upon the paper, thus minimizingthe noise. The momentum of the entire type-bar or linkage is sufiicient to produce a clear impression of the type upon the paper.

In order to permit the desired speed of manipulation, the type-bar must swing up from normal folded position at high speed. To secure hi h speed throughout a large part of the typear travel, while greatly reducing the speed of the type or free end of the bar as the type nears the paper, the type-bar is jointed, one part being a type-carrier, and other parts being links on which the carrier is floated in a manner to produce this result. One of the links forms an operating lever, which is controlled by the key.

In order to secure a clear impression notwithstanding the retardation of type speed near the printing point, the weight of the links, as well as the weight of the body-part of the type-bar itself,together with thewelght the type-bar operating devices, are utilized;

1925. Serial No. 36,594.

the momentum of these speeding parts causmg the decelerated type to deliver great pressure upon the paper and platen. All of said parts except the type-end of the type-carrier may be moving at exceptionally high speed at the time of impact, and as they are all nevertheless arrested by the platen, it results that the pressure (as distinguished from a blow) between the type and the platen is sufficient to make the desired clear imprint through the inking ribbon. The type itself is decelerated at the terminal portion of its printing stroke, without slowing down the members which carry and drive the type.

In order to avoid harsh action of the key, and also to permit the dip of the key to be kept within very moderate limits, the typebar is illustrated as being preferably actuated b means of a source of power, which is broug t into use at the depression of the key, and which swings the type-bar linkage quickly to the platen. In the preferred system of power-drive of the type-bars, the key moves an interpone'nt into the ath of a power-drum to be driven thereby; t ere being one interponent for each type-bar. The key preferably does not act directly upon the type-bar. At the same time the operated key releases the power-drum, which revolves a step, thereby driving the selected type-bar. The drum is toothed for engagement with any selected interponent. The drum is preferably springdriven. A universal bar is operable by any key, to release the drum for an intermittent movement upon the connection of the selected type-bar therewith. The interponent may be ing thereof and retardation of the type-end as it is about to strike, a linkage is employed which incidentally makes it necessary for the types all to lie face down, instead of with their faces upturned, as is usual in frontstrike typewriting machines. Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is acentral sectional elevation of a front-strike typewriting machine embodying the present improvements in one form; the parts being shown in normal positions.

Figure 2 shows. in full lines the depressed positlon of a key whose type-bar has been connected up to the power-drum. This View also shows the power-drum escapement pal--- lets in normal positions.

Figure 3 shows in full lines the key depressed and the type-bar approaching the platen and released from the power-drum.

Figure 3 shows the type-bars engaging a pad or rest between the types and the pivots.

Figure 4 is a plan of the typewriting machine and the power attachment.

Figure 5 is a front elevation of the type-' bar system.

Figure 6 is a diagram showing in plan a development of the type-bars with the types thereon; the types being assumed to lie in one pla e. This view shows that crooks may be substantially eliminated and the typebars may be straight, and that each lowercase' type may lie practically in the same radial plane with its type-bar, whereby tendency to'twisting, skewing or other faulty action of the type-bar is minimized, and the momentum of the parts is exerted in a direction perpendicular to the platen and not lat-.

erally of the type-bar, thus insuring even,

clear and eflicient printing. e

Figure 7 is a perspective view illustrating one end of the train by which the power-drum may be operatively connected to a type-bar,

this train including an interponent and the lever upon which it is pivoted.

The work-sheets may be placed upon a revoluble laten 10, against the front ofwhich normally print lower-case types 11; the

' platen being shiftable up to enable uppercase types 12 to print. Thisshifting is usual in the Underwood typewriting machine. The platen and its shiftable frame may be mounted upon a power-driven carriage 7 9, having a rack 14 meshing with a pinion 15;

the latterconnected to an escapement-wheel' link, arm or lever 21, and the latter is pivoted upon a curved fulcrum wire 22. The type-carrier is also pivoted at 23 upon a guiding link 24, which is pivoted upon a curved fulcrum wire 25. Said fulcrum wires are below and about concentric with the printing point andlie in transverse vertical planes.

When the lever 21 is pulled rearwardly by a rearwardly extending rod 26, pivoted thereto at 27, it swings the type-carrier 28 upwardly around the floating pivot 23, thereby lifting the free or type-bearing end of the carrier upwardly in an unfolding movement in a curved path marked 29, Figure 3, at the same time lifting the type from its face-down normal position and facing it rearwardly for printing.

At the initial part of said upward or lifting swing of the type-carrier 28, the guidelink 24 swings idly forwardly to the extreme dotted-line position at Figure 3; but during the.continued movement of the driving arm 2 1;on the type-carrier 28, said guiding link. 24 swings rearwardly and past the full-line position at Figure 3f At the full-line position, the type-carrier 28 has assumed an erect completely unfolded position, with its types facing rearwardly, and is then beinH' floated rearwardlv unonthe tons of arms 21, 24, to 'carry' the type against the platen.

It will be noted that the final swing of the guiding link 24, from the full-line-position back to the dotted line printing posit-ion at Figure 3, is preferably in a downward direction, thereby independently rocking or tip- I ping forwardly the rearwardly floating typecarrier 28 in a manner to carry its type end I relatively to the left or forwardly as said type-carrier is being bodily floated rearwardly or to the right. This independent rocking or tipping movement diminishes the rearward speed of the type, or, in other words, it retards or decelerates the type-end of the carrier, as compared with the speed of the remainder of the carrier and of the entire type-action, said remainder keeping on at full speed, and by its momentum exerting great pressure upon the type after the latter has impacted against the platen. This deceleration occurs after complete unfolding and while the type is ap roachin the laten in a direction vertical t'liereto. his s ort porv tion of the type-path, which is vertical to the platen, is common to all the type-linkages, which occupy different radial positions at Figure 5. Said vertical portion is shown between the full-line position'of the type and the platen, at Figure 5. The type here travels at minimum speed whilethe remainder of the linkage travels at maximum speed. The speed of the type is much reduced but the momentum of the links and type-carrier affords a substantial pressure. In other words,

the type makes a quiet impact, while the guide-links and the lower portion or body of the type-carrier, all moving at high speed, act with great leverage upon the type to force the same against .the paper and cause clear type-impressions to be made, through the usual ink-ribbon 30.

From the foregoing it will be clear that the rear and forward arms 21 and 24' move at high speed, and that the carrier 28 of the ;ward movement, the type-bar is given a tendency to swing independently counter-clockwise-around the pivot 20, thus decreasing the speed of the free end of the type-bar and minimizing the noise of arrest thereof by the platen.

'The ribbon may be carried upon spools and vibrated up and downatrthe type strokes, as usual in the Underwood and other. frontstrike typewriting machines. If it is desired to use the machine without a ribbon, it will be found desirable to ink the pad 31, against which the type-faces maynorma'lly rest, so

' that the types may print directly upon the paper.

of the invention are concerned, however, it will be understood that the cushion 31 may serve merely as a rest for the type-bars and that the types face downwardly normally because they are mounted upon-a linkage of the kind which lifts the type rapidl from a 1 position of rest but retards the spec thereof when reaching the immediate vicinity of the platen. The pad 31 is segmental, being in the form of an arc struck from the printing point, the types normally lying in a curve preferably. under the platen. At Figure 3" is shown a cushion 31 upon which the typecarriers 19, 28 rest directly.

- For lightness, the normally cumbent typecarrier may comprise three sides or bars joined to form a triangle, including the car- I rier 28, which extends directly from driving So far as several of the main features arm 21 to guiding link 24, and also including angular bars 28 and 28 meeting in the vicinity' of the type-head. Preferably the arms or links 21 and 24 are single plates of steel while the type-carrier 28 may be in the nature of a folded plate, the line of fold being indicated at 28, formin one edge of bar 28", and the two plates de ned by the folds 28, 28 and 28", Figure6, being similar inform and secured by rivets 32, 33. From the folded portion of the type-carrier projects the neck portion 19. The heads are inserted in the types, and the latter stand at progressively center to thesides of the system, Figure 6, the ends of the type-bars being bent accordin ly close to the types.

ach type-bar with its supporting links is practically straight and all in one plane; and the lower-case type 11 is practically in this plane; so that the driving force is fully ex erted upon the impacted type, crooks and lateral bends in the type-bar being avoided in increasing angles to the type-bars from the order to secure full pressure and printing effect of the rapidly moving portions of the type-action. Each type-head 19 is formed witha neck portion 34, where it joins the body of the type-bar, for the purpose of facilitating the slight lateral bending of the type-head relatively tothe bar, Figure 6.

The types may strike into 'a central guide 35 below the prmting point, the guide comprising opposite jaws 36 between'which the type-head fits, said jaws extending preferably to the printing line and guiding the types by their lower ends. The type guide may be flaring and shallow, as viewed at Figure 4, or shortened from back to front, to

" accommodate the type-bars at the sides of the system. I

The arms 21 may be mounted in radial slots 37 in a segment 38 fixed below the platen; and the guide-links 24 may be mountedin slots 39 in segment 40 infront of segment 38, the segments being referably in the form of flanges upon a cylindrical segment 41 that may form art of the machine-framework, the latter lndicated generall as 42. From the upper parts of the cylin rical segment 41 may ex tend inwardly and upwardly directed plates 43, to which may be secured the ty -guide 35. A set of radial guides 44 for t e typecarriers 28' may be formed in segment 45 which may be secured upon or made integral with saidplates 43. These guides 44 are about midway between the printing point and the pivoting of the linkages to the framework, and by controlling the type carrier 28 serves to stifien or support the linkage against lateral play or distortion at the moment of type-impact and permit an easier fit of the pivots of said type-bar linka e. The pivots 23, 0 may bemade accurate y to secure prope vertical alignment of the typeimpressions upon the work-sheet, the lateral i have the heads 47 formed upon plates or folds 28 and 28. The guides 44 are in converging planes, each guide being in the same plane as its companion slots 37, 39, and guide t e typeends of the linkages to the center guide 35.

.In order that the outer edges of the bar 28 of the type-carrier may not strike the end of its guide 44 as the type-carrier rises, said outer edges flare outwardly from the inner edges of the bar 28 at a point where the end of'the guide enters between the plates 28 and 28. This flare is indicated at 28 in Figures 5 and 6.

Upon the depression of any t pe-key 48, its lever 49 is depressed about a ulcrum 50; the key-levers extending rearwardly beneath the segment 41. An arm 51 on the lever 49 extends upwardl and backwardly from the fulcrum 50, and is lifted off from a restraining lug 52 provided upon an interponent in the form of a tumbler or dog 53 which is pivoted'at 54 upon an arm 55 of a lever 56, to the lower end of which the pull-rod 26 is pivoted at 57 Each interponent 53 comprises a tooth 58, which is ur ed by a spring 59 to swing upwardly about the pivot 54 into engagement with a tooth 60 of a normally stationary horizontal transverse power-drum 61 mounted above the key-levers. It will be understood that the depression of the key 48 withdraws its restraining arm 51, and per mits the spring 59 to swing said interponent '5358 into the path of the tooth 60 of the drum, as at Figure 2; the type-bar still remaining in normal osition. The drum is constantly urged to t e left, as shown by the arrow at Figure 2; and it is normally restrained by means of an escapement-wheel provided with teeth 62, with which co-operatepermanent and temporary escapement pallets 63, 64. These pallets rock on a pivot 65, and are normally held in rearward position byl a returning spring 66. To operate the pallets, a universal bar 67 is extended across under the key-levers and carried upon arms 68, which are fulcrumed at 69 upon the framework; an arm 70 extending back from the fulcrum or rock-shaft 69, and b means of a finger 71 engaging a V-shape palletframe 72 to rock .it and release the drum; this drum-releasing position of the pallets being shown in full lines at Figure 2, and the normal position in dotted lines.

Upon being thus released, the drum revolves a step, its tooth 6O driving the interponent 5358, and vibrating lever 55, 56,

' terponent 53 is held by its spring 59 against a stop 73 upon the arm 55, so that the interarm pivot 74. This arm pivot 74 is eccentric to the drum axle 75, and thepoint of the drum tooth 60 moves in an arc divergent from the path of the interponent tooth 58. The interponent draws off or escapes from the drum tooth as the parts reach the position at Figure 3, where the type is close to the platen, the drum having a slight further movement until one of its teeth 62 is arrested by temporary pallet 64, the latter shown in position to effect this arrest by dotted lines at Figure 3.

From the foregoing it will be understood that the depression of the 'key permits the drum tooth, and subsequently releases the drum for an interruptive movement of one step, (bar67 being operated at terminal portion of key stroke), and that the drum then gives the type-bar its printing stroke; the key being arrested by a pad 76 extending under the key-levers; and that disconnection is effected between the drum and the type-bar, which continues by its momentum until the platen is reached and the impression made by reason of the momentum of the type-action, portions of which are in rapid motion at the moment of contact of the type with the platen.

It willbe seen that the requisite speed of action of the type-bars is secured by means of a light touch upon the keys. The keys have very little Work to do and need take no piart in directly starting the type-bar into aet on.

As soon as the type-impression is made, the type-bar is retracted to normal position by a spring 77 provided for the arm 56, connected by rod 26 to the type-linkageythe descent of the latter being aided by gravit Assuming thatthe key is 'sti 1 held down by the operator, the 'interponent 53 may swing idly into the next notch 78 in the powerdrum; but said drum is now temporarily restrained by the pallet 64, so that the type-bar is not reactuated. Upon release of the key 48 from pressure, it will be returned by a spring 79, while the universal bar 67 is returned by means of spring 66, together with the pallet 64, which, however, escapes from the drum but does not cause its release, because prior to such escape the drum is re-engaged by the pallet 63 (see dotted-line position at Figure 2), a slight movement of the drum occurringafter the escape of the temporary pallet 64, to permit permanent pallet 63 to be engaged by the next escapementwheel tooth 62, but this slight creeping of the drum not having any effect on the type-' During the ascent of the key 48, the keylever arm 51 swings down and strikes the lug 52 on the interponent 53, vibrating the same independently about'the pivot 54. This operation occurs during the latter portion of the up-stroke of the key, whereby the interponent is vibrated out of the path of the drum-tooth, and down to normal position, as at-Figure 1, where it stands in line with the interponents or dogs belonging to the other type-actions. All of said interponents tend constantly to swing into the path of the power-drum, but all are restrained by the key-lever arms 51, the key-lever returning spring 79 being of sufiicient strength to overcome the tension of the interponent spring 59. The tooth '60 tends to rotate the interponent 53 independently in clockwise direction upon pivot 54, in the same direction as it is urged by spring 59; this tendency being arrested by a stop 73, intermediate two stops, 73 and 7 3" of the interponent 53, which limits the independent vibration thereof about pivot 54.

The typewriter carriage 7 9 is given a letter-feeding movement preparatory to making the next type-impression, by means of a transverse universal bar 80, which may curve across the machine in the paths of the driving arms 21 of the type-actions, said universal bar connected by plates 80 and frame 7 80 to operateUnderwood carriage-feeding dogs 80 and 80 mounted on a dog-rocker 80 and co-operating with the escapementwheel 16 to permit a movement of the platen carriage 7 9 to the extent of one step or space; springs 80, 80 returning the dog-rocker 80 and universal bar, and also aiding in starting the type-bar back to normal position. The ribbon may be fed longitudinally and also vibrated to cover the printing point at every type stroke by means common in the Underwood and other front-strike typewriters and unnecessary to show. 7

The key-levers may be mounted in guideslots 81 provided upon a transverse bar 82 of the typewriter framework, and at their front ends may be'guided in a comb 83, and normally rest against the bottom of a pad 84.- The arms 56 may be normally held by springs 77 against a rest in the form of a bar 85 extending across the power frame 86;

the latter resting upon a platform 87 at the back of the typewriting machine 42, said power frame comprising opposite vertical plates which are secured by screws 88'to platform 87, and which are connected by a transverse bar 89, the latter having in its front slots 90 to guidethe arms or levers 56,which work upon fulcrum rod 74 extending along the bar 89. The springs 77 may be adjusted individually by inserting them selectively into holes 91 provided in the plate 92, which is secured to the bar 89.

The toothed power-drum 61 may be driven 'end plates of the power frame 86.

by a spring-motor 93, Figure 4, contained in a barrel 94, said barrel having a pinion 95 meshing with idle gear 96, the latter meshing with a gear 97 fixed onto axle 75 of the toothed drum 61, whereby the spring 93 tends constantly to drive said drum 6 1. The spring may be rewound automatically by an electric motor 98 in any suitable way, as, for example, by the means disclosed in the patent to Pitman, No. 1,417,106, of May 23, 1922. Overwinding of the spring may be avoided by means set forth in said Pitman patent.

Any suitable means may be provided for checking the spring-barrel, so that it will not unwind, as, for example, the means set forth in said patent. The starting of the motor may be controlled by the spring when it reaches a certain point, and stopping of the electric motor may also be controlled automatically when the spring has been sufficientlytensioned, as isset forth in said Pitman I patent. The invention, however, is not limited to any particular means for automatically rewinding the spring which operates the type-bars through a power-drum.

The electric motor 98 is flexiblycoupled tothe pinion 99, Figures 1 and 4. Said pinion meshes with the gear 100, which is compounded with the pinion 101 to drive the gear 102. Said gear 102 is keyed to one end of a shaft 103 mounted in and betweenthg a1 shaft 103 also hasa screw 104 out upon its surface at the right. A pinion 105 is threaded upon this screw and has its bearing thereon, which gives said pinion 105 a lateral movement incidental to its rotary movement.

proportioned helical spring 108, one end of which is secured to the shaft 103 by means of the thimble 109 and theother end to the pinion 105, as shown in Figure 4. The pinion 105 meshes with a gear 110 revolubly 'mount ed upon an axle 111 directly above shaft 103, see Figure 1. Said axle is supported between and keyed to the end plates of the power frame. Said gear 110 has a shoulder 112, Figure 4, which loosely supports and retains one end of the spring-barrel 94. The other end of the spring-barrel is similarly supported by the pinion 95, which drives the power-drum through theidle gear 96, as al ready described.

One end of the concentric series of helical springs constituting the Pitman spring motor 93 is secured to the pinion 95, and the other end of said spring motor is secured to the ion 5 This lateral movement actuates the lever 106, 'which is connected by means of a link $107 gear 110. The pinion 95 and the gear 110 have hubs or collars which bear against the end plates of the power frame. and secure the spring motor and its related parts against lateral displacement.

The rotation of the pinion 95 being checked by an escapement-tooth 62 engaging the pallet frame 72, the spring motor 93 is wound and torsionedby running the electric motor 98. In torsioning the spring motor 93, a complementary torsion is produced in the helical spring 108, which causes a rotation of the shaft 103 relatively to the inion 105. Said pinion 105 being threade upon the screw 104, a lateral movement of said pinion occurs. This lateral movement opens the electrical snap switch and stops the electric motor when the spring motor has been sufliciently wound or torsioned, as set forth in said patent. A checkpinion 113 on an arm 114, which is loosely mounted on the shaft 103 between the gear 102 and the end plate of the power frame, prevents a reverse movement of the power train when the electric motor 98 is stopped. A pin 115, Fig ure 1, driven into the end plate, limits the movement of the arm 114 while the electric motor 98 is winding the spring motor 93, as set forth in said patent.

While the spring motor expends its stored energy by operating the power-drum 61, there occurs a reverse action of the parts comprised by the switch-actuating device, resulting in the electric motor 98 being started again to rewind the spring motor 93 when its store of energy has becoaue depleted. The

power motor described herein for driving the powerdrum 61 is an embodiment of the invention of Pitman, as set forth in said Patent No. 1,417,106.

Claims to the herein-disclosed type-linkages are presented in my co-pending generic application, No. 207,170, filed July 20, 1927. The claims herein are limited to power-drive and other specific features that are not disclosed in said generic application.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others. Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a front-strike typewriting machine,

. the combination with a platen and an inking ribbon, of a source of power, a system of keys, a system of type-heads connectible by said keys to said source of power and having types to strike upon the frontof the platen,

said types normally facing downwardly, each,

.. type-head having a plurality oftypes thereon, a system of normally folded swinging elbows forming carriers upon whose free endssaid type-heads are fixed, and swinging arms supporting and operating said elbows to unvfold the samerapidly and then move the types slowly. against the platen in a path angular arm pivoted to said swinging arms. 1

2. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a platen and a source of power,

of a system of keys, front-strike type-linkages, operable by said source of power under the control of said keys, each carrying a plurality of types normally facing downwardly, each type-linkage including a pair of pivotally supported arms pivoted at their outer ends to the framework and connected at their inner or upper ends by means of a typecarrier of elbow form" normally folded, the type-carrier being pivotally mounted and first completely unfolded to carry the type rapidly to the vicinity of the printing point, and then floated rearwardly on said arms in a common path relatively to the platen while the linkage as a whole is traveling at maximum speed and the type is traveling at minimum speed. I

3. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a laten and a source of power, of a system b keys, front-strike type-link; ages, operable by said source of power under the controlpf said keys, each carrying a plurality of types normally facing downwardly, each type-linkage including a pair of pivotally supported arms pivoted at their outer ends to the framework and connected at their inner or upper ends by means of a typecarrier of elbow form normally folded, the type-carrier being pivo tally' mounted and first completely unfolded to carry the type rapidly to the vicinity of the printing point, and then floated rearwardly on said arms in a common path relatively to the platen, and a set of radial guides for laterally guiding the linkages about midway between the printing point and points of articulation of said arms to the framework.

4. In a front-strike typewriting machine, the combination with'a platen, of a center type-guide, a system of folded pivotal typelinkages including cumbent carriers having types on their rear ends below the platen and facing downwardly, each type-carrier having a plurality of types thereon, forward and rear arms on which each type-carrier is pivoted at its front, the forward am upstanding and the rear arm cumbent, both arms so pivoted to the framework and so proportioned that the carrier in its printing stroke first completely unfolds, and then floats rearwardly upon said arms, the type for a substantial distance moving'perpendicularly to the platen in said center-guide after the complete unfolding of the typebar, a system of keys, and a source of power connect'ible by said keys to said rear arms.

5: In a front-strike typewritingmachine,

the combination with a platen, of a center type-guide, a system of folded pivotal typelinkages I including cumbent carriers having types on their rear ends below the platen and facing downwardly, each type-carrier having a plurality of types thereon, forward and rear arms on which each typ'ecarrier is pivoted at its front, the forward arm upstanding and the rear arm cumbent, both arms so pivoted to the framework and so pro portioned that the carrier in its, printing stroke first completely unfolds, and then floats rearwardly upon said arms, the type for a substantial distance moving perpendicularly to the platen in said center guide after the complete unfolding of thetype-bar, fixed radial lateral guides for said linkages between the platen and the lower pivotal points of said forward and rear arms, said guiding a means in proximity to said type-carrier, to

insure the type bein directed into said cen tral t pe-guide an key-controlled mecha nism or connecting said rear arms to a source of power to be actuatedthereby.

6. In a front-strike typewriti the combination with a platen, of a system of pivotal type-linkages normally folded, each linkage including a cumbent carrier having a plurality of types on its rear end below the platen and facing downwardly, forward and rear arms articulated to the v framework and upon which each type-carrier is pivoted at its front in folded-relation, said type-carrier movable on said arms to completely unfolded position, the types upon all of the linkages, after unfolding, moving in a common path perpendicularly to the platen, said arms in each linkage being connected to the type-carrier in a manner to tip the type-carrier as it approaches the platen to carry its front pivot, downwardly relatively to its rear pivot, to retard the type as it moves through said common path to the platen, a source of power, and key-controlled means for connecting said linkages to said source of power.

7 In a front-strike typewriting machine, the combination with a platen, of a system of folded pivotal type-linkages including cumbent carriers having types on their rear ends below the platen and facing downwardly, each carrier having a plurality of types, forward and rear arms upon which each typecarrier is pivoted at its front, the forward arm upstanding and the rear arm cumbent, both arms pivoted to the framework, the carng machine,

rier and the rear arm in their printing strokes first fully unfolding to upright positions and the carrier then floating rearwardly upon said 1 arms through a common path perpendicularly to the platen, a source of power, powerdriven operating means, said front. arm mountedand proportioned to tip the unfoldedcarrien forwardly relatively to the other arm,thereby retarding the type while traveling through said common path at the final portion of its printing stroke, while the remainder of the linkage keeps on at full speed and by its momentum-exerts momentary'pressure upon the arrested type, and a system of keys controlling the connection of said operv ating means to said source of power.

8. In a typewritin'g machine, the combition with a system 0 type-bars, of a powerdrum, a system of ke s, interponents oper- I atively connected to t e type-bars and'normally tending to enter the path of the powerdrum to be driven thereby, means to enable the keys to release the interponents to be said drum to operated by the drum, and means actuated by the keys t at operate to release the powerdrum for an interruptive rotation, including a toothed wheel, a pallet and a universal bar for the keys. 10. In a typewriting machine, the combintion with a system of type-bars, of a powerdrum, a systemof keys, interponents normally tending to pass into the path of the powers drum to be driven thereby, and means to enable the keys to release the interponents to be operated bythe drum, means rendered oper-i ative by the keys to release the power-drum,

and then interrupt its rotation, said drum having cam-tooth formations to engage with any selected interponent and subsequently release the interponent independently of the keys, each interponent being operable by said drum to move the type-bar operatively connected therewith to the printing point.

11. In a typewriting machineglthe combination with a system of type-bar s, of a powerv drum, a system of keys, interponents normally tending to swing into the path of the power-drum and be driven thereby to actuate the type-bars, "means to enable the keys to release the interponents to be operated by the drum, means rendered operative by the keys to release the power-drum and then interrupt its rotation, said drum having teeth to cam any released interponent and efl'ect a full forward stroke ofthe type-bars, and means to return each type-bar independently of the key.

12. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a system of type-bars, of a powerdrum, a system of keys, interponents normally tending to swing into the path of the power-drum to be driven thereby to actuate a type-bar, means to enable the keys to release the interponentsto be operated by the drum, means rendered operative by the keys for releasing the power-drum and rear-resting it, and a lever hanging pendent across the druni, upon which each interponent is pivoted, said lever driving a type-bar.

13. The combination with a platen and a --system of type-bars and keys, ofa system drum, a system of type-operating levers hanging pendent to swing transversely to the drum, mterponents mounted upon the typeoperating levers and swingable to connect said operating levers to said drum, springs tending to move said "interponents into engagement with said drum, key-lever extensions normally holding said interponents away from the drum, said interponents being released by the extensions when the keys,

are depressed, and means actuable by the keys to release the, power-drum, each interponent being operable by said drum to move the type-bar operatively connected therewith to the printing point. a I

15. The combination with a laten and a system ozf-type-bars'and keys, 0 a system of key-levers, a power-drum, a system of typeoperating levers hanging pendent transversely to the drum, interponents normally inoperative to connect said operating levers to said drum, said interponents pivoted upon said operating levers, springs between said operating levers and said interponents and normally tending to swing the interponents into the path of the drum to operative positions, and an extension of the key-levers for restraining said interponents against the i s rings, said interponents being released by t e operationof the key-levers.

I 16. The combination with a platen anda system of type-bars and keys, of a system of key-levers, a normally restrained powerdrum, a system of type-operating levers hanging pendent adjacent to the drum, interponents mounted upon said levers to be actuated by the drum, springs normally tending to move said interponents into engagement with said drum, key-lever extensions for normally holding said interponents away from the drum, said interponents being released by the operation of the key-levers, a spring-driver for said drum, and means a-ctuable by the keys to release the power-drum, each inter- -ponent being operable by said drum to move the type-bar operatively connected therewith to the printing point. i

17. The combination with a platen and a system of type-bars and keys, of a system of key-levers, a power-drum, a system of typeoperating levers, interponents normally idle to connectsaid operating levers to said drum, springs tending to move said interponents into engagement with said drum, means controlled by the key-levers for normally holding said interponents away from the drum, an escapement-wheel connected to said drum,

and means to enable the keys to feed the escapement-wheel. r

18. The combination with a platen and a system of type-bars and keys', of a'system of key-levers, a power-drum, a system of typeoperating levers, interponents normally idle to connect said operating levers to said drum, springs tending to move said interponents intoengagement with said drum, means controlled by the key-levers for normally holding said interponents away from the drum, an escapement-wheel connected to said drum, and means to enable the keys to feed the escapement-wheel, at the down strokes of the keys and to restrain the escapement-wheel and restore the feeding mechanism'to normal condition upon the return of the keys.

19. The combination with a platen and a system of type-bars and keys, of a system of key-levers, a normally restrained powerdrum, a system of type-operating levers, interponents normally idle to connect said operating levers to said drum, springs tending normally to move each interponent into engagement with said drum, and key-lever extensions normally operative to, hold said interponents away from the drum, said interonents bein released upon operation of the eys to be driven bysaid drum, and automati; cally escaping from the, drum during'the printing strokes of the type-bars and independently of the key-lever-holding means, each interponent being operable by said drum to move the type-bar operatively connected therewith to the printing point.

20. The combination with a laten and a system oftype-bars and keys, 0 a system of a key-levers, a power-drum, a system of typeoperating levers, interponents normally idle,

to connect said operating levers to said drum, said interponents pivote upon said operating levers, springs between said operating levers and said interponents tending to move the latter to operative positions, and means'controlled by the key-levers for restraining said interponents, each interponent drawing ofi from the drum-tooth as the type nearly completes its printing stroke, the drum having a slight clearance movement and being temporarily arrested by a key-controlled pallet and released from the latter at the return stroke of the key, bringing into operation the normal or permanent drum-restrainingpallet. i v

21. The combination with a platen and a system of type-bars and keys, of a system of key-levers, a normally stationary powerdrum, a system of type-operating levers controlling said drum, interponents normally idle to connect said operating levers to said drum, springs tending to move said interponents into engagement with said drum, keylever extensions for normally holding said interponents away from the drum, said interl ponents being released by the keys to be driven by said drum, and said interponents automatically escaping from the power-drum; during the printing strokes of the type-bars, and springs for restoring the type-operating levers that operate to restore the interponents into engagement with a restored keylever under tension. BURNHAM C. STIOKNEY.

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