US1718010A - Sylvania - Google Patents
Sylvania Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1718010A US1718010A US1718010DA US1718010A US 1718010 A US1718010 A US 1718010A US 1718010D A US1718010D A US 1718010DA US 1718010 A US1718010 A US 1718010A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- water
- board
- fibres
- natural
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 34
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000005781 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940108066 Coal Tar Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000004224 Typha angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005391 Typha capensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000001398 Typha domingensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019026 Typha domingensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005324 Typha latifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 carbon atoms Sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XKUUMWKWUZRRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-amine;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCC(C)[NH3+].CCCCCC(C)[NH3+] XKUUMWKWUZRRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101700005195 prel Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011276 wood tar Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0002—Means for connecting central heating radiators to circulation pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0002—Means for connecting central heating radiators to circulation pipes
- F24D19/0017—Connections between supply and inlet or outlet of central heating radiators
- F24D19/0019—Means for adapting connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0002—Means for connecting central heating radiators to circulation pipes
- F24D19/0026—Places of the inlet on the radiator
- F24D19/0034—Places of the inlet on the radiator on a bottom corner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0002—Means for connecting central heating radiators to circulation pipes
- F24D19/0039—Places of the outlet on the radiator
- F24D19/0051—Places of the outlet on the radiator on the bottom on the opposite corner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0002—Means for connecting central heating radiators to circulation pipes
- F24D19/0056—Supplies from the central heating system
- F24D19/0058—Supplies from the central heating system coming out the floor
- F24D19/006—Alongside the radiator
Definitions
- the binder thus formed serves to firmly unite the fibres into a stii structurally strong board but with a considerable number of mmute spaces between the fibres in which air is entrapped and held so that the board is particular useful as a heat insulatin building materi I have found t at most .plant materials other than the wood o f the usual trees are satisfactory as a basis. ⁇ For example, corn stalks, corn cobs, straw, sugar cane bagasse, p
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Description
June 18, 1929. 1 E STANHOPE 1,718,0105
RADIATOR CONNECTI 0Nv Filed sept. 28, 1925 /72 U6?? Lo/t [Z0/2 fa/Mae l Patented June 18, i. l
l UNITED STATES 1,718,011 PATENT oFFICE.
CLARENCE O. VOGT, OF I HADDONFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR-T0 ARMSTRONG CORK. COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A OORPORATION OF PENN- mvama ARTIFICIAL BOARD AND ITS MANUFAGTURE.
No Drawing.
yThe present invention relatesto artificial board and its manufacture and more especially to an insulatinglboard made of matted cellulose plant fibres aving air spaces so as to serve as an eicient heat insulator. The hoard is made from the fibres of plants which contain a natural binding material which may be converted into a water-proof binder by suitable reagents as hereinafter described. Plant materials of this character are cooked with water to partially dissolve the natural binder of the plant fibres and the material is mechanically disintegated so as to produce a fibrous mass which is saturated with the water solution containing the natural binder. This mass is treated with a suitable reagent, such for example, as a'phenolic compound, which will convert the water solublenatural' binder into a water insoluble binder, and the mass 1s formed into board formand so treated, as by baking for example, as tox set'the binder and form the completed board product. Instead of -dissolving and washing out the natural binding material of the plant fibres, and supilying another binder for making the boar allow this binding material to remain with bres to serve as the basis of the water-proof binder of the completed board. The binder thus formed serves to firmly unite the fibres into a stii structurally strong board but with a considerable number of mmute spaces between the fibres in which air is entrapped and held so that the board is particular useful as a heat insulatin building materi I have found t at most .plant materials other than the wood o f the usual trees are satisfactory as a basis. `For example, corn stalks, corn cobs, straw, sugar cane bagasse, p
oat hulls, peanut shells, cat tails, salt hay, 40 peat moss and the like may be used. These materials and particularly materials, such as corn stalks and straw, contain a natural binder which ma be partially dissolved or decomposed by coo 'ng with water, either hot water or steam, and which can serve as the basis for the water-proof' binder of the completed board. I have found that material such as wood pulp made from ordinary pulp making trees does not contain such binder or suilicient-,quantity of the binder to be satisfactorily used alone, altho the wood pulp may be used in combination with the, ulp formed from materials, such as corn stal which are relatively rich in such binder. The binding material apparently consists of pentosans appiioauon med september a9, 192?. serial No. 222,937. i
(substances from which the five carbon atoms Sugars may be formed by hydrolysis or other` chemical means) and other organic compounds forming the binder which cements together the plant fibres. This binder, after the cooking treatment with water, may be converted into a water insoluble or diliicultly soluble binder by a treatment with a suitable chemlcal reagent, such, for example, as a phenol which orms upon suitable treatment, such as heating, a -resin-like condensation product. p
The preferred Aprocedure in carrying out my process is as follows.` Any part of the 1 lant ma be used so long as it contains the Ii- 704 rous cel ulose material and the natural binder. For example, thefcorn stalks, including thelleaves, as harvested from-the corn-fields, may be used. The material is first preferably cut u into convenient size for handling and 1s coo ed with water, in the form of either hot water or steam (water vapor).` Therefore, when I speak of cooking or treating with water, I intend to include water either in the. llquid state or in the vapor state (steam). This cooking treatment 1s referably carried out in an' autoclave under pressureJ at a temperature between 140 and 180 centigrade for a half an hour to an hour, either usin water which is heated in the autoclave, or a mitting steam under pressure into the autoclave. l
The water in the form of hot water or steam at these temperatures dissolves or partially dissolves and decomposes the pentosans and other or anic compoundswhich serve as the natural binder of the cellulose fibres in the lant. This treatment does not decompose or weaken the cellulose fibres, as is the case where chemicals are used to remove the binder 95 v which is the usual commercial practice in;l preparing fibres for making boards of this type. This cooking treatment softens the material so that the fibres are readily separated by an suitable mechanical means,as for example, by rollin or beating in a beater, grinding in a rod mi treating in a Jordan engine or the like. Such treatment reduces thev material into a fibrous mass, which is saturated with the water solution containing the natural plant binder. Contrary to the usual commercial practice in making libre board, the fibres are not washed, but the solution is allowed to remain with them so that the fibres are kept in contact and are saturated 1N which apparently consists of pentosans and the like, may be either dissolved in water without chemical change or may be partially decomposed by the cooking operation. The
actual chemical formulae and constitution of= the substances as they exist in the water solution are not known since they apparently consist of many complex compounds.
These materials have adhesive qualities, as is demonstrated by separating the water solution and boiling it down to a syrup-like consistency. The binding material however is readily soluble in water and would not in its form as reduced by the cooking operation be satisfacltory where a waterproof binder is desired, as in an insulating board.
The fibrousl mass saturated with the water solution containing the natural binding material of the plant, is treated with a suitable reagent to render the binding material water insoluble. For this purpose I prefer to use a phenolic compound containing the characteristic phenolic OH group, together with a suitable condensing agent such as hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride or the like, which will react with the natural binding material to form an insoluble resinous condensation product when subjected to heat.
These reagents are preferably added to the mass before it is formed into board form, but I do not intend to limit my claims to any particular sequence of such steps unless so specifically stated. In the preferred process, the phenolic body and the condensing agent are thoroughly mixed with the fibrous massv or pulp, which is then made into board form bythe usual insulating board making machinery. This operation mats the fibres togetherto form the fibre board. The excess solution ma be drained off from the pulp during the oard making operation, alt o prefer to allow as much as possible of the solution containing the natural binder to remain in the board.
The board thus formed is baked to drive off the water and convert the natural binder into a Water insoluble binder. Under the action of heat and the condensing agent, the natural binder combines with the phenolic j compound used to form a resin-like water insoluble condensation product, which serves to bind together the fibres into a water repellent structurally strong but porous board. The baking may be carried out in ovens or other suitable devices, but care should be taken not to overheat the material during baking so as to weaken or char the fibres or the binder. It has been found safe to heat up to about 160 centigrade, altho a somewhat lower temperature at a longer time is preferable.
If a fire retardant board is desired, it may be rendered resistant to fire by treatment with ammonium sulphate or ammonium phosfphate or other well known fire preventing agents. This treatment does not interfere with the process of manufacture as herein outlined. Also if a tougher and less. stiff board is desired, the binding material may be modified by the addition to the mass with the phenolic body and condensing agent, of some tough' insoluble pitch-like substance, such as stearin pitch, petroleum pitch, wax tailings, asphalt, coal tar, wood tar, or similar materials which do not interfere with the formation of the condensation products but which toughen them, asdescribed, Jfor example, in the variation of -my process, which is made the subject matter of another application filed by me and Ernest J. Pieper, of even date herewith, Serial No. 222,938.
Some ofthe plant materials, such ascorn stalks, contain sufiicient natural binder so.
that other fibrous materials, such as wood pulp, paper pulp, which do not containv the natural binder or materials such as sugar cane residue, peanut hulls, corn cobs and the like, which may contain a natural binder but which have not been cooked to render such binder available, or even inorganic materials such as mineral wool, asbestos or the like, may be added as filler. When such filling material is added, it is mixed with the pulp-like mass of plant fibres and saturating solution, so that the filler material also becomes saturated with the natural binder in the solution, and upon condensation of the binder the whole mass will be bound together.
As will be apparent from the foregoing description, I utilize the natural binding material of the plant. The fibres are impregnated with their own natural binding material and all that is required is to treat the fibres already so impregnated, with area ent which willlbllender this binding materia? water inso u e.
While I have specifically described the prel ferred embodiment of my lnvention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the described detailsV or sequence-of steps, but may be otherwise embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. The process of making board from plants of the character described, which comprises cooking the plant material and mechanicall .separating-the fibres so as to produce a fi rous mass saturated with a water solution containing the natural binder of the plant fibres, adding to the mass a phenolic body and forming it into board form, and bakin the board to form a water repellent pheno ic condensation product binder` from the natural binder.
2. The process of making board from plants of the character described, which comprlses cooking the plant material and me-
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1718010A true US1718010A (en) | 1929-06-18 |
Family
ID=3418286
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1718010D Expired - Lifetime US1718010A (en) | Sylvania |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1718010A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4531575A (en) * | 1980-08-22 | 1985-07-30 | Myson Group Limited | Radiators |
-
0
- US US1718010D patent/US1718010A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4531575A (en) * | 1980-08-22 | 1985-07-30 | Myson Group Limited | Radiators |
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