US1711026A - Brick veneer and system - Google Patents

Description

April 30*-1929 E. F. KLINE 1,711,026

V v BRGK VENEER AND SYSTEMl Filed Jan.19, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet Vl St KQ.

A r roe/vg Y April 30, 1929. E. F. KL|NE- Y BRICK VENEER AND SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet m n m m /Ef --.5L E G Y o FFW Patented Apu 30, 1929.

UNITED STATES l, 1,711,026 PATENT OFFICE.

EUGENE E. KI'LINE, oE Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

BRICK VENEER AND SYS-REM.

Application led January 19, 1926. Serial No. 82,179.

may be cast or otherwise formed from, for

example, a suitable clay and thereafter fired somewhat as brick or terra cotta products are customarily render-ed sufficiently rigid and durable for transportand use; and it is an object of my invent-ion to provide brick'veneer units suitable for attachment to studs or to equivalent elements of the frames or walls of dwellings or other buildings.

lt is an object of this invention to provide brick veneer units which, although coniparatively strong, may be so thin that the total expense thereof, to cover a given area, shall be considerably less than the cost of a brick wall of corresponding area; and, in preferred embodiments of my invention, the respective units may be of such size as to permit the convenient handling of the same, by a single workman; and they may be provided with channels or depressions corresponding to the joints between superimposed courses of brick, as ordinarily Iaidf-these channels or depressions being optionally filled with a suitable mortar, or the like, either before or 1 after the units are applied to a wooden frame,

or other wall structure.

It is a further object of this invention to provide special means and methods for the interfitting, attachment, and reinforcement of units of the general character referred to and for the construction of walls compris ing the same.

Other objects of my invention may be best appreciated from the following description of alternative embodiments thereof, taken in connection with the appended claim and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an elevational view, showing, in solid lines, a single unit of one form of my brick veneer, together with portions of studs and portions of a masonry foundation therebelow-fthe intertitting of adjacent units bcing indicated by dotted lines, and parts being broken away.

Fig. Q is a vertical section in a plane such as that indicated by the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section so taken as t0` cut through interfitting projecting portions of adjacent units, somewhat as indicated by the line 3--3 of Fig. 1, but illustrating a slightly modied and thicker form, as secured to an angle-ironA stud as hereinafter described.

Fig. 4 is an elevational View corresponding to a portion of Fig. 1, near the upper 1efthand corner thereof, but with apertured reinforcing or bonding strips inserted in channels or depressions representing -joints and. not as yet concealed by mortar.

Fig. 5 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, taken substantially as indicated by the line 5 5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an elevational view showing, in full lines, one form of'unit (which may be of the same cross section as that illustrated in Fig. 3) specialized for use adjacent a window or door opening or at a corner,and suggesting 'the use of reinforcement in the form of rods inserted in the horizontal depressions (representing joints between pretended courses of bricks) and extending past actual vertical joints between veneer units.

Fig. 7 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale taken substantially as indicated by the line 7-f7 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an elevational view taken substantially as indicated by the arrow 8 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is a separate perspective view of a veneer corner unit comparable with that shown in Figs. 6 and 8, but in which the respective faces, meeting at an angle of 90 more or less, have substantially the same horizontal extentamount to about one and onehalf times the length of a brick.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section illustrating a form of my invention in which iianged metallic elements in the form of so-called channel irons are used as studs, said studs being used also for the support of an inner wall facing in the form of wire-reinforced plaster.

Fig. 11 is a somewhat diagrammatic view, with parts broken away, showing one preferred type of iireproof frame construction, suitable for/use in the manner indicated in Figs. 10, 12 and 13.

Fig. 12 is a detail cross sectional view taken substantially as indicated by the line 12--12 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a horizontal sectional detail view,taken substantially as indicated by the .line 13-13 of Fig. 10.

40 to lie within the mentioned depressions.

- entirely parallel with the described front surface (provided with depressions to counterfeit mortar joints) I may make the mentioned rear or inner surface substantially or entirely flat; and,.in'order to provide for the convenient attachment and interfitting of said units I may provide the same with any desired apertures 18. and I may permit prominences, corresponding in length approximately to half bricks, to extend horizontally from the respective ends of my units; and I may provide a peripheral tin or flange 19, correspond ing in thickness and diameter to the webs 20 (at the bottom of the channels or depressions 15 and 16) extending along, for example, the entire upper edge of each unit, and also along the ends of the mentionedlaterallv projecting half brieks,as at 21 and 22, Fig. 1.

By positioning the mentioned apertures 18, or their equivalents, only in the connected webs 20 (at the bottoms of the channels or depressions 15 and 16 and/or the projecting flanges 19, 21 and 22) I make it possible to conceal any nails, screws, or the like, used in the attachment of my units and. possible also to employ, in connection with or independentn ly of such nails, or the like, any desired rein forcing or auxiliary attaching means adapted As best shown in Figs. 4 and 5, I may, for example, provide the units 13 (either before or after a tiring or other hardening operation) with apertures 18 considerably excceding in diameter the nails or screws 23 by which the same are to be attached; and, instead of permitting the head 24 of such nails or screws (or the threaded ends of bolts, or other anchoring elements-which may be imbedded in concrete) to contact directly with the webs 20 (at the bottoms of the channels 15 and 16) and/or the projectingl fins 19, 21, 22, I may optionally interpose reinforcing means such as apertured strips 25, shown as extending longitudinally of the horizontal channels 15, and/or iibrous or other slightly resilient-or yielding washers26; and it will be accordingly understood that, even if some of the mentioned channels 15, 10 are filled or partially filled with mortar (in order to simulate the appearance of an ordinary brick wall) at the place of original manufacture, or in advance of the delivery or attachment of my units to a building; such parts of horizontal channels 15 as are intended to receive reinforcing or connecting strips 25 and/or nails or screws 23, or the like, are not to be filled with mortar until after said units are secured in their permanent places in a wall.

rlhc slabs or units illustrated in Figs. 2, 4; and being comparatively thin, I may resort,

`at corners and/'or at window and/or door openings, to the use of'interlitting special blocks of the genera-l character separately illust ated in Fig. 9.

Although the intertitting ends of adjacent units are not necessarily to be disposed opposite studs, some of theholes 1S may naturally be disposed at an interval,` such as an in tcrval of sixteen inches, corresponding to the distance between studs, as the same are commonly positionedganrl, if desired some or all slabs or units may be provided with exten sive series of holes 18, arranged in inclined lines, substantially as suggested in Fig. 1,-* in order to provide for the securing of the Vsame to studs spaced at unusual intervals;

and/or the composition of my units may be such as to permit of the cutting or driving of holes through the webs 20, at any desired point and at the time of their attachment to wall elements of a building.

Instead of using apertured strips 25 as a means of attaching, reinforcing, and maintaining the alignment of units of the gcneral character described, optionally forming said units in somewhat thicker slabs and op tionally omitting peripheral fins or flanges from the interlitting portions thereof, somewhat as suggested in Fig. 3, I may employ, in the general manner suggested in Figs. 6 and 7, means such as mere round or other rods 30, adapted to lie in any horizontal depressions la and to extend across the joints between adjacent blocks 13a,-said rods beingof any desired length and being retained and concealed by, for example, a mortar mixture 31, or its equivalent; and, as suggested in said figures, instead of forming' corner units with interfitting projections having rebent or inwardly projecting extensions or terminal portions, I may optionally adapt the integral corner units 13a to extend entirely around a corner.

For the uses last referred to, I may provide corner units of various types (the corner unit shown in Figs. 6 and 8 having an extreme horizontal length on its longer face, equiva' lent to the length of two and one-half bricks, and an extreme length. on its shorter face, equivalent to one brick) but- I illustrate in Fig. 9 what I may refer to as a typical or standard corner unit both of whose faces have the same horizontal extent, corresponding to one and one-half bricks; and, in order to facilitate staggering of joints, my corner units may. if desiredfbe ma de of a standard height different from that of the associated fiat or single-plane units; and. it may obviously be regarded as immaterial Whether flanges (such as are shown at 19 in Fig. 1, and at 19 in Fig. 9) be provided exclusively along (say) the top and the right-hand (or the left-hand) lateral edges, or exclusively along the top edge and the protected lateral edges, or (as shown at 19, 21 and 22, Fig. 1,- or at 19, 21' and 22 of Fig. 9) along the top edge and the more exposed lateral edgesprovided only that some consist-ent system is employed. The illustrated system enables all units to be secured tc any studs or the like, over which even their' extreme ends may be made to extend; and although the outside faces of the corner units Vshown in Figs. 6, 8 and 9 are disposed at right angles, it will be understood that, if and when the 'call for special corner units is suf ficient, provision may be made for an intersection of adjacent faces at various angles. In the case of baked or fired units, Wire rein forcements may be dispensed with.

Herein I have stressed the possible use of materials suchas brick or terra cotta clay in the formation of my described units; but it should be understood that I may use any desired alternative compositiomsueh as a come position including asbestos fibre and/or Portland cement, or the like; and that reinforcing elements of the general character shown in Fig.- v5, maybe of any desired cross section or length,-even extending, if desired entire ly about a building, above the door and Window openings thereof.

My described brick veneer units may be used in conjunction with either wooden or metallic or other frame element-s previously positioned by a foundation; and, in Figs. 10-13 inclusive, I illustrate one advantageous type of metallic frame, suitable for use in .fireproof construction and providing means for the reliable maintenance of metallic studs in an upright position, means for the securing of a plate, of the same general Cil type, thereabove, means for the providing of door and Window openings, and means for the attachment of both the described veneer` units and an interior facing to the mentioned metallic studs. t

For example, I may imbed in a concrete or other foundation such as is suggested at 11a, Fig. 6 and 11", Fig. 11 a plurality of sub-4 the mentioned studs and as comprising not only a horizontal ortion but one or more downwardly extening flanges 33", adapted to overlie a similar flange or flanges 34 of the studs 19.,'in the case of one story buildings suflicient rigidity may be obtained without bracing, asby rvetingor bolting the described parts together, as at 35; and a further strengthening effect may be obtained by the use a suitable reinforcement and/or compositions in the construction of an inner facing somewhat as suggested at 36, Fig. 6 and-at 36, Fig. 10, subsequently to an attaching of brick veneer blocks 13b, as by mea-ns of bolts or screws 23h, in the general manner best shown' in Figs. 10 and 13.-

That is to say, although I may employ studs in the form of T beams or I beams or similar angle or L beams (the use of the latter being suggested at 12 in Figr) I suggest in Figs. 10-13 inclusive the use of studs in the form of U bars or channel irons, the outer flanges 34 thereof being apertured, as at 37b, for use in the attachment of the mentioned brick veneer units 13", and either the transversely extending Webs 38b or the inner flanges 39b being used for the attachment of an inner facing. The mentioned inner wall may be of any preferred construction but, in order to facilitate -its attachment vsubsequently to the tightening of nuts 40 on the bolts 23b (when such nuts are employed) I suggest the attachment of a reinforcing material, such as expanded metal or a Wire mesh 41", by. means such as additional bolts 42",

shown as rovided not only with nuts 43 but with melted members 44", and the subsequent application of a suitable plaster,- preferably a plaster containing a comparatively high percentage of Portland cement, or a like ingredient contributing to the rigidity of the resultant structure.

Although door and Window openings may be provided for in any desired manner, I suggest in Figs. 11 and 1Q the use, for this purpose, of-transverse angle or channel elements 45", of such width that, upon cutting the same to suitable length and upturning tongues 46h at right angles, projecting portions et?b and 48h are adapted to overhe and contact with'the respective flanges 34h and 39b of studs 12", means such as bolts or rivets 49b being employed to hold the mentioned parts in their indicated relationships; and it will be appreciated that a construction of the general character described is especially suit able, Whether ornot building paper, 1n one or more layers, is interposed, as at 50h, for use under unusual climatic conditions, such as conditions of extreme heat or cold, by reason of the provision of an air space, corresponding to the distance between the outer faces of flanges 34th or 39D, or their equivalents; and the tieing of all members together, in the described manner, as well as tie anchoring of the same to a foundation, renders this construction also especially appropriate to regions in which architectural problems are complicated by danger of earthquakes or danger of cyclones.

Buildings constructed, as above described, although inexpensive, may be not only attractive in appearance and praetically're" proof, but better adapted than actual brick Lvinoze Vention, as the same is indicated above and in the following claim.

I claim as my invention:

y In combination with a wall: facing supporting means; a wall facing mounted there on comprisingr interfitting brick veneer units, having formed on the external surface thereof, bricklike prominenees separated by depressions adapted to contain mortar; securing means mounted in said depressions, and reinforcing means comprising rods mounted in said depressions and extending` between said intertting units and adapted to be imbedded in said mortar.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto' set my handat Los Angeles, California, this 7th day of January, 1926.

EUGENE F. KLINE.

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