US1669810A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

May 15, 1928. c. F. CLAPHAM OIL BURNER Filed April 5. 1926 ENTOR C. CLAPHAM mmv ATTORNEYS Patented May 15, 1928.

UNITED STATES CHARLES 'F'. crime-HAM, or cinema Janit rs.

OIL BURNER.

Anplication filed April 5, ize. Serial No. 99,354.

LU ,r. i, U My in.vention relates to improvements in oil burners, and more especially thosedesigned tobe used inconnectio n with furnaces or ,boilers otl ieating plants, and it consists in the combinations, constructions, and arrangements herein described and im d; a ,i r. 1 v,

An object o'f my invention is to provide "a burner for burning heavy oils, andwhich :u is so designed as to ,produce a maximum b eak n 1 110. a om t on t t lea thoroi ghmiiiture of the atomized oil with air, priorto itsignition. H y A further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of structure for accomplishing this complete atomization in which a thinsheet of oil is thrown across the path of an incoming stream of air un r pressu e i further ,object of my invention is to p'rovide a device which will cause the. ignited mixture of atomizedoil and air to flare out in ,a cone having a, wide angled; apex, whereby, relatively short encasing tube may heused. l V I A further object of my invention is to provide a device in which an intimate mixture ojirthe air and oil is assured through the centrifugal, efiectproduced by blades, forming part. of the burner.

Other objects and advantages will appear in thei'ollowing Specification, and the novel features of the invention will be particularly ,pointed out in the appended claims,

My,invention is illustrated in theaccmpaiiying drawings, forming part of this app i a i n, in which v F gu ca v tic l s t nal Vi through a burner constructed according to my, invention, Figure Q is asection of Figure 1, e e

Figure 3 isa detail View of a portion of theiburner mechanism, I, v

V Figured is a, plan YlEW of the mechanism shown in Figure 3,

along the line 2-2 Figure 5 isa sideview of a deflector,-

,Ifigure 6, is an end view of the deflectorv shown in Figure t) Figure 7 is a view, par ly in section,,show ing the, burner used in connection with an eneasing tube. A i; a In. carrying out my; invention, ,1 provide a body portion 1 which has a reduced portion 2 threaded on itsr exterior to engage the threads of a cylinder 3, The latter has an end po r tion, ,iyhich is also threaded tg the cylindenshown at Thisend Berr es a a c u r lsp n s e a sdlie i ieqei a f el inlet P pe. 6' which P s throngh ,the cylinder g, and which is .p ro- .Si dsiQHi H 5a fi'a ,62 av se met lli mem e 3 b Ar of w h th ackin may be, compresseda ound theinlet pipe 6. Leading into the interior of the cylinder 3 is wp pfi l i i .5; 2,:

,- Th bed wll lf il h a @611 a be i iangedto receive a sleeve This sleeve provided with a head 11 at one ,llClQYhlCll titsin a recessin the The oth ixend is slightly beveled or flared outwardly,- as shown at 12. head is also recessed to receive a washer,,1 3, ,whose surface is b "9 I@l.=- schews in, Pheifl i iiis; P srqsed adjas etw he wa h s a r n 11. n the h'en f a, whe l, whic z t en t by means o faspolgie like niembers l5 with a tube 6 iF siui 1 1s..-Qii ,9 th ea e exterior-1y, asat lL tmengage the threaded end of the. inlet piped ,The ,otliercnd of the, tiibelfi is threaded, ,shown at,. l8,

Arranged to cooperate with tube 16 a deflector member, suchas that shown Figuresl and 5". deflector has somewhat the ghappi a do uble cone ,with a Team m ng a i i 1 f t e eiiiwls rs membe s; 19 i pro d r-L w h a e nt te tension or .arni EZQbearingat its end a threadcl y' ii xi membe -e21, e n iaii lu- Iiility :Of c eat s, aun ihg c gi u i a l trimerm the oiiterpprtioh, The threaded member 21 is ,arnanged to enter the threaded psi-n on s of a1" tii b e s: It, ivi11l fecbserved am ne ment l: 19 has cup-shaped 1Q, that the innerjyalls of, this recess inclined rearwardly, that; is to say, toward, the rightiii ,Figures, 1 and 5,- as

shown at, 1 9 2., Ittwill. a1 beebervd that the end ofthe tube is liiev eld,@811,sliown at. 16 so to approximatelyparallel,the beveled edge 19?. The cone shapefd, mem- 3 is eeqnmmihe member 19 by a O w i i fiali ee w t V f g the P .i ie lse e seri if-id fisc biibla ss whi h, in b e t a shew asbsi grs tr e by aiw 2' the latter being mounted on the, en

axis of the device. In assembling the de-- i of the tube 16,- asshown in Figures 14 and 2. i

lit)

, means of a nut 27.

vice, the sleeve is inserted in the head, the washer 13 is placed in position, and the tube 16, hearing the wheel 1% and the blades 26 is placed in position and held securely by It will be observed that the outer edge of the blades is held by the inclined face of the washer 13, so that the parts are held securely in position.

From the foregoing description of the various parts of the device, the operation thereof may be readily understood. In Figure 7 I have shown a construction with which the device thus far described may be used. In the present instance, there is a chamber 28 with which a pipe 29 communicates. This is the low pressure air chamher, and the rear portion of the tube 3 and its connections are disposed therein. The front portion projects into a tube 30, which preferably lined with a refractory lining 51. A hollow conical-shaped deflector I32 surrounds the head 1.

The air which enters through the pipe 9 into the space within the tube 3 is under high pressure as compared with the air in the chamber 528. In actual practice, I have used three pounds air pressure within the tube 3, while the air pressure in the cham ber 28 is considerably lower, depending upon the size of the burner and the amount of heat to be generated. The fuel which entel-s the pipe in connection with the pipe (3 may he at ten pounds pressure. As the air within the tube 3 passes the blades 26, it is given a rotary motion, and in passing onward it meets the thin sheet of oil issuing from the space between the parallel inclined surfaces 19" of the cone-shaped member 19, and 16 at the end of the pipe 16. Since this opening extends clear around the pipe, it forms a. slot which is directed inwardly and outwardly at substantially an angle of In the drawings, I have shown a somewhat larger slot than would be used in actual practice, but this is for the purpose of illustration only. The Width of this slot, of course, can be adjusted by means of the threaded member 21. The rotating column of air strikes the thin cone-shaped sheet of oil and tends to become thoroughly mixed with it. The mixture passes on and strikes the deflector 22). This deflector serves a very useful purpose. for I have found that without its use, there is a. tendency for the oil to form in streams of more or less den sity, instead of being broken up or atomized; but with this deflector. there is a very complete breaking up of these streams, and the resulting flame is spread out into a cone having a wide angle at its vertex, as illustrated in Figure 7.

I have spoken of the fact that the deflector 23 tends to aid in breaking and spreading out the stream of atomized fuel. I find the inclined blades tend to aid in this ctl'ect, also broadening and shortening the flame, and holding it in the fire tube to when a strong draught of secondary, or low pressure air tends to blow it out. A long, tube minimizes the tendency for the flame to blow cl air of the tube, but is objectionable due to the greater likelihood of formation of carbon at its orifice. l urthermorc, 1 have found that without these inclined blades. or deflector 23, and when using forced draft in order to increase the capacity. even with a relatively long lire tube, the ignited 'iuel would leave the tube and burn in the rear of the lire box of the boiler to which it was applied. This tendency is accentuated when i-atarting up with a cold boiler and cold oil. The additional lining of the atomization by means of the deflecior causcs the ignition point of the stream to come closer to the nozzle, thereby ensuring ignition of all the atomized fuel, and eliminating what was formerly a wet area between the point where the flame strikes the tul and the nozzle.

Keeping the slotted oil orifice, formed by tube 16 and the deflector member shown in Figure 51, near the outlet of the sleeve 10 gives a greater margin against the likelihood of coalescence of the oil on the walls of the sleeve, and this is entirely eliminated by a correct balance oi the oil and air pressures, together with the of her forces which produce atomization of the oil, such as centrifugal force. expansion of the compressed air, and the breaking force caused by the deflector Q3.

The deflector 32 regulates the supply of secondary and low pressure air. By its use a central and supporting stream of air is supplied at the nozzle, and another air stream passes round it to supply just the rightainonnt of air required for complete combustion. This deflector. by having its area properly proportionei'l, also plays a part in the regulation of the flame.

While under certain circun'istanccs, it is advisable to use the construction shown in Figure 1., with a low pressure chamber 28 and tube 30, as shown in Figure 7. yet the. constructimi shown in Figure 1 forms in and of itself a very efficient burner. and may be uscd without the chamber or tube under certain circumstances. such as with a natural draft. Of cour e. the capacity of the burner may be greatly increased by adding a forced draft, but a line atomization of the stream of oil issuing from the nozzlc will be eil'ected by my construction in every case.

I claim:

1. In a burner. a centrally disposed fuel tube, an air pressure chamber snrroumling said tube. a discharge passage for the air from said air pressure chamber. one end of said fuel tube terminatii'lg in said air passage, a substantially conical-shaped valve member disposed within said passage, said valve member having a central stem projecting from the larger end and adapted to extend within the tube, a perforated threaded connection member at one end of said stem, said threaded member beingdisposed within said tube and movable relative thereto to vary the distance between said valve member and the end of the tube, and a conical-shaped deflecting member having its apex secured to the apex of the conicalshaped valve member.

In a burner, a centrally disposed fuel tube, an air pressure chamber surrounding said tube, a discharge passage for the air from said air pressure chamber, one end of said fuel tube terminating in said discharge passage, a substantially conical shaped valve member disposed within said passage, said valve member having a central stem projecting from the inner end and adapted to extend within the tube, a perforated supporting member at one end of said stem, said supporting member being disposed within said tube and movable relative there to to vary the distance between said valve member and the end of the tube, and a conical shaped deflecting member having its apex secured to the apex oi the conica shaped valve member.

3. An oil burner construction, comprising a centrally disposed 'l'uel tube, an air pressure chamber surrounding the tube, a discharge passage for the air from said air pressure chamber, and a deflector in the form of a double cone with a common apex carried at the end of the fuel tube, the end of said deflector adjacent to the tube being cup-shaped to receive the oil, and means for constraining the oil to move in a thin sheet over the cup-shaped surface and across the air pressure chamber.

CHARLES F. CLAPHAM.

Images