US1643103A - Building unit and method - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 20, 1927. TROZZOV 3, 3

BUILDING UNIT AND METHOD Filed July 14. 1926 W991. 1

. 1,643 103 Sept. 20, 1927. R TROZZO BUILDING UNIT AND METHOD Filed July 14, 1926 4 Sheets-heet 4 1 \I I I a I l f ,7 5 "0 5/ r I l l I F 1] L at J Patented Sept. 20, 1927.

pun-1hr a STAT -S;

RAFAEL Tnozzo, 'onBe Nos mans, ARGENTI A,

BITIIQDINGUNIT AND METHOD.

Application filed July 14,

This invention relates to a novel an proved unit of material for building purposes and has for its object'to provide a simple andcheap building unit of light Weight and capable of being readily placed positionlwhich besides these advantageshas also that of considerable strength, being particularly adapted for use in substitution the materials of similar description used here l0 tofore, such as bricks,reinforced concrete blocks or slabs and the like. p i

The invention also has for its object to provide certain improvements in said building unit or means, designed to facilita'te'interconnection of the several units employed and give the necessary degree of rigidity to the whole construct-ion. The invention further relates to an iniproved method of buil diiig, of the kind wherein for the erection of walls, hollo'vv -double walled bodies or units of suitable material, either reinforced'or not, are, chiployed, and also has for its object to provide a novel method for the speedy and economical construction of buildings Orton siderable strength and durability and which may be carried out even by rather unskilled operators. 1

It is also an object ofthis invention to provide means for the kind of buildings as. i above s'et forth which shall render the same of the required degree of solidity and rigidity, without" the use of pillars, and also render the sanie perfectly tight.-

Other objects of the ihventi'on will appear in the course'of, this specification and will be particularly referred to in the finalclaims hereto annexed. v 7 V In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into practice, I the same is represehted by of example in the accompanying drawings; wherein Figurel is a viewfinfi efit perspective, partially se'cti'on al", of 'a buildihg' unit according to this invention; I

. Figure 2 is a vertical central section of two of suchi superp'osed building hints or bodies. 1 a Figure 3 illustrates a v erticalseptien of alternative 'fb'ifih (if construction of the building unit/ I, i 'Figiire 4 shows front elevatieh' of a cor iierfpiec'e or unitgfadapted foif iise this hind cohstruc tioiill V Figure 5 sh plan new "efhe vlil illl s 1926. sen-Lam. 122,476.

plan view of part of a building constructed in accordance wlth thls invention.

'lii'gure 7 is a part sectional front elevation,

showing the position ofthe lower course of building units.

Figure 8 is a front elevation of a type of unit adapted to be used iii Constructing the foundations of ab uildin'g.

Figure 9 isa plan view of the saline.

,Fi gui 'e 10 illustrates in plan View the po sit-ion or. several of said units, arranged to form the foundations of a building. I

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic illustration ofthe arrangeinent of three parallel partitions for the construction of large walls or for providing an increased number of air chambers or passages. p

Figure 12 shows the upper part of 'a buildihg and the manner of arranging the roof on the cross beanis, and I 7 Figure 13 is partial section of said reef.

In all the said views, sirhil'ar characters of reference are usedto indicate like of corresponding parts.

In the fonn'oi construction shown, the building unit is substantially of rectangular shape; biit it will be evident'that within the scope of -theinvention any other suitable or convenient form ma be adopted in order to 's'uitthe same to the several conditions of the building to be constructed,

In the fornifshown, said unit consists of a metallic framing; formed of rods, wires orthe'like, pa'rt'of' which are placed endwise' as indicated by 1 and the remainder extending in a transverse direction assh'own by 2;,

and every two successive transverse rods or wires cross, each otherii'ear-the lower and upper surfaces, as indicated by 3. On the two lateral surfacesof the framing, the slabs or partitions 4 and 5 are'oast'or moulded;

in arallel position andpf any desired {thickness-g said slabs 'or'partitions, owing to the particular arrangementnf the frame; are prevented from approaching each othen as ny train eigferted the way of collapsing or joining of said slabs or partitions 4' and 5; wil1 he counteracted and eaus'eid to take place iii-the direction of incline of the metalli'e framing iii-the part 3, which latter exerts a drawin strain will thereby balance the aforesaid force's, owingto the sa mmetrie ineline' of thecrossed parts; of

rt 'e' above deser ibed nfetallie reinforcing stru'enire.

r At-the'iniddle part of each of said units iii and on the inner surface of the respective partitions are formed the flanges 6, serving to support the free, intermediate supporting blocks 7 (see Fig. 2) which after the units are assembled or superposed, prevent the .same from deviatingone with regard to the other, and serve at the same time as a binding and guiding piece, so as to render the partitions or walls constructed of said units, absolutely stable, solid and homogeneous.

In Figure 3, a modified "form of construction is shown, wherein the crossed wires which form the 'f'aming in the upper and lower part of the unit, or in the ends of the same, are covered with a thin layer of cement mortar, so as to form a partition 8, preferably of concave shape on its outer surface, so as to. allow of applying of the necessary amount of mortar in order to obtain the binding between every two adjacent or superposed units.

In accordance with this invention, a building unit is obtained which in use does not sacrifice the advantages of those of known construction, heretofore employed. but which owinp to its reduced weight. permits (it being: constructed of much larger dimensions and which on account oi. the facility with which it may be placed in position, will cheapen by a considerable percentage the cost of labor, and in COHSOQHQDCQ, that of the entire building.

\Vhen it is desired to give to the wall a. monolithic appearance, the edges oi the partitions l and may be slightly bevelled on the outer side, so that cement mortar or the like may be applied thereto in order to obtain a perfectly smooth and continuous sin" face.

A lso. if desired. the partitions *land :i of each of the units may be made of different materials, so as to adapt the same to the several requiremei'its oi the rooms which they are to confine, or to other uses made thereof. r

In accordance with this invention, in order to form the corners and crossing; angles between two or more of the walls, the units shown in Figures 4; and are used; these consist of a square centre or core part it. provided with two, three or four flanges 12.. formed with a central recess 13, adapted to receive ribs or flanges formed on the units or parts of which the walls are being constructed. The units shown in Figures 4- and 5 are. of reinforced concrete and their dimensionsare such as to eorrespondvdth the units used in the remainder of the building, which, as above explained. are of a type ineluding a double partition of any suitable material. Said corner units or pieces are preferably provided at their centre part with upper and lower orifices 14 which allow ot the insertion of a binding pin, so as to se cure the perfect vertical alinelnent of the parts and permit of applyinp the necessary amount of mortar for obtaii'iine an etlicient binding of the same. A building constructed in the manner above set forth, will be perfectly solid and as the corner parts above referred to may be purchased in a ready made condition, it will be understood that the erection of the building in a true perpendicular and square condition, may be perforn'ied without diilicult'y.

In the form shown in Figure 6, units A provided with two flanges are shown, to be used for forming the outer corners oi a building; units B provided with three flanges will be used for joints between. two walls. and units C with four flanges for crossings between two walls.

When erecting the building, the flanges 12 oi said units are inserted :into the hollow space between the two partitions of each of the units fOlfHllllg the wall, said wall units, corner and intermediate supporting blocks being successively superposed and bound in position by means oli a suitable n'iortar, or are left to support themselves by simple gravity.

In the form of construction shown, the units used ii OI the erection of walls are shown as consisting of: blocks or slabs of reinforced concrete, with the partitions arranged substantially parallel and spaced one From another. In the drawings thev are referred to by the letter l). Tn the hollow space. between said partitions and in the space correspondingto every "following two partitions. small blocks 15 of reinforced concrete are placed which substantially COIIGSDOHil to the flanges 12 of the corner pieces. By the superposition of said blocks 15 in the entire extension of the walls of the building, a sort of vertical reinforcing column formed which assists to increase thc'solidity and stability of the same and at the same time tends to simplify their construction.

For the erection of the building, foundations of any suitable or known kind may be provided and along the line correspondiup to the hollow space of the several corner pieces and of the blocks forming the base of the walls, metallic staples arearrang-ed to project, so that when filling the said base blocks with cement, they will be made to form monolithic blocks with said foundation parts. i

If desired and in case the kind of ground operated on allows or requires it to be done, special units may be used for laying the foundations, consisting of cross or T shaped parts, such as shown in Figures 8 9 and 10. Said special parts or units may be constructed of reinforced concrete, substantially square in cross section, of dimensions to be determined in accordance with the weight they are tosupport,

Figure 10 clearly illustrates the arrangement of the several parts, which may also be seen in Figure 7 In accordance therewith, a central part or body 16 is formed, for the support of the partitions, and reinforcing flanges 17 are provided on the outside thereof,-in order to provide for a largerisupport- .ing area. In each ofsaid parts 16, a series of projecting metallicstaples or forks 18 is arranged, for insertion into the hollow space of the units D and at the crossing places is provided a stud or rod 19, to be inserted in the central hole of the unitsA, B, C.

F rom the foregoing description and by referring to the drawings, the manner of erecting the building will be readily under struction.

ill

If deemed convenient and as shown-in Figure 11, walls of any desired thickness may be constructed by arranging two or more partitions (three, in the figure represented), whereby also an increased number of air passages or chambers is provided which may be used for placing conduits for electric leads, gas pipes, water mains and ventila-ts ing tubes, etc.

F or mounting the roof, a most simple method has been devised which consists in placing on top of the finished COIlStlUCtlOlI the iron T beams 20 (Figures 12 and 13), provided on their lower flanges with the staples 21 or like means, rivetted thereto and which enter into the hollow space of the building units of the uppermost course with which they are rendered integral by filling up with mortar. The said beams are placed apart at suitable intervals and upon the same are secured the roofing units D which are substantially similar to the units D used for the walls. The roof units Dare supported by their lower edges on the flanges i of. the beams 20, with their upper "surfaces situated above the level of the neck part of said beams, the points being covered with suitable. mortar. In. this way, roofs may be formed with projecting parts and any suitable incline may be given to them, as the conditions may require.

For the construction of such roofs, the units D may be shaped so that their lower surfaces will directly constitute the ceiling, while their upper parts, made of an increased thickness, may be formed by or covered with a waterproof material, so as to exclude the passage of moisture.

It will be evident that modifications of construction and detail might be introduced without departing from the scope of the invention, as clearly determined and set forth in the claims hereto annexed.

I claim:

1. A building unit, consisting of spaced slabs of cementitious material, and a reenforcement there-for, said reenforcement including ,a plurality of connecting elements between the slabs, crossing one another in the space separating the slabs, each slab having a longitudinal flange along its inner surface.

2. A building unit, consisting of spaced slabs of cementitious material, a reenforcement therefor, said reenforcement including a plurality of connecting elements extending from the edge of the one slab to the adjacent edge of the other slab and crossing one another in the space between the slabs, each slab having'a longitudinal flange along its inner surface, and layers of cementitious material between the longitudinal edges of the slabs, the crossed connecting elements RAFAEL TROZZO.

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