US1627841A - Continuous kiln and drier - Google Patents

Description

May 10 1 Filed Feb. 21. 1920 s Sheets-Sheet i wvmtoz May 10, i927. 1,627,841

.cf DRESSLER CONTINUOUS KILN AND DRIER Filed Feb. 21-. 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q .yq R

5 I P: "Q Q n 2 W 5mm May 10 1927.

. 1,627,841 C. DRESSLER CONTIN UOUS KILN AND DRIER Filed Feb. 21 1920 I 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 @51 W abtoww,

Patented 'lillay 10, 1927.

UNITEDSTATES CONRAD nnnssnnn, on NEW YORK, n. Y.,

PATENT OFFICE.

ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN DRESSLEB TUN- NEL'FKILNS, INQ, OI!- NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF- NEW YORK.

con'rmuous xmn Ann nan-2a.

Application filed February 21, 1920. Serial No. 330,505.

The primary object of my present invention is to provide a novel and efiectlve combination of a continuous kiln with a drying chamber, and particularly with a continuous dryingchamber, whereby brick or other material to be dried and then subjected to a temperature much higher than the drying temperature, may be passed first thr ugh the drying chamber and then. through he kiln proper, and the necessary heat for the drying operation may be, in whole or in large part, waste heat from the kllIl proper.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention,

, however,and the advantages possessed by it, reference should be had to the accompanying 0 drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated. and describedpreferred embodiments of my invention.

' Of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan with parts broken away' and in section of a mufileheated kiln and drier;

Fig. 2 is atemperature or diagram charts'howing the character of ;the temperature gradations which are 'desiredflin thedr ers; is a transverse sectionon the line 133ofl:'!ig.1;'v 4

Fig. .4' is a transversesection on; the line FA, 'the car may be pushed into the kiln G 1 44 of Fig. 1; 1

Fig. 5 is. adiagrammatic plan with parts broken away"and in section of a combina-' 'tion open fire heated kiln anddrier';

- Figs. 6', -7, 8, 9, 1O and-'11 are-transverse sections takenon the lines 6'6, 7' 7, 8-18, 99, lO 10 and 1111 of Fig. 5.

In Figs. 1, 3 and 4 of the drawings, I have illustratedapparatus especially devised for drying and burning brick in which'thebrick aredried in an elongated drying chamber B and are then burnedin an elongated mutfie heated kiln C. The brick are carried through the drying chamber B and'kiln C on cars A which enter the drying chamber B at one end of the latter past doors B and pass through the chamber B on the track rails B at the bottom of the latter; At the exit end of the. drying chamber B,'the1atter is connected to the adjacent end .of the kiln C, which in this form of my inventionis arranged alongside the drying chamber, by a transverse covered passage D. The cars A,

entered one at a time in the chamber B, are

pushed into the latter by a car pusher E which may be of the usual form employed in pushing cars into and through tunnel kilns. At each operation of the pusher E, a car is pushed into the drying chamber, and the train of cars normally filling the chamber is advanced one car length. As each of these cars A is brought to the exit end of the chamber B it is engaged by a car puller G which centers it on a turntable F. The latter is provided with two sets of track rails F which are arranged at right angles to one another so that one set may register with the track rails B while the other-set registers with the track rails D of the chamber D. In consequence, when a car is centered on a turntable F and the latter is given onefourth of a turn, the car may be pushed off the turntable on to the rails D and the turntable is left in position toreceive a subsequent car from the drying chamber 'B. The

cars are pushed off the turntable F and through the chamberD by a pusher E At the-junction of the passage D with the adjacent end of the kiln O is located a turntable FA which may be identical in construction to the turntable F and has associated with it a car puller G for drawing a car from the ad acent end of the passage D and centering it onthe turntable FA, and a pusher E by which, after a quarter turn of the turntable 1,023,628 and 1,170,428. The kiln comprises a cooling zone with cooling pipes H at the sides of the pathway for the goods, 9. hot zone with combustion chambers I at the sides of'the goodspathway, and a heatingup zone at the end adjacent the. turntable FA with pipes J at the sides of the goods pathway. The cooling fluid passing through the pipes H is air s'uppliedby a fan or blower L and a conduit opening through ports L to the headers into which the ends of the pipes H adjacent the exit end of the kiln are connected. portion of the air passing through the pipes H is passed into combustion chamber 1 through ports K and a portion of the air heated in the pipes is passed to the drier through pipes H (see Fig. 3) resting upon the roof of, and extending longitudinally of the kiln C for a considerable portion of its length. The air supply ports K and fuel gas supply connections K open into the combustion chambers I at the ends of the latter adjacent the exit end of the kiln. The combustion chambers I as shown are of the type commonly employed in Dressler tunnel kilns, the walls of each combustion chamber being formed of hollow tile. The passages I in the combustion chamber walls are open ended so that the current of the kiln atmosphere may flow upward past the combustion chambers through these passages and then downward through the goods carry.- ing space. The pipes J pass the products of combustion, delivered to them from the combustion chambers I, through ports J and a transverse conduit J to a conduit N running longitudinally of the drying chamber and shown as arranged between the track rails B of the drying chamber. The conduit N'may well be made of galvanized iron or other good heat conducting" material. The products of combustion ar'e'drawn out of the conduit N and delivered to the atmosphere by an exhaust fan NA located adjacent the entrance end of the drying chamber B and serving to regulate the draft through the combustion chambers I and the pipes and conduit connections connecting these chambers to the exhaust fan NA.

To prevent overheating of the goods carrying cars A and the track rails for the latter, the usual cooling pipes M are arranged at the sides of the pathway for the cars through the high temperature portion of the kiln C. As shown, these pipes M are supplied with air by the blower L through. the conduit L which is advantageously provided with a regulating valve-L The pipes H which, as before stated, rest upon the roof of the kiln C for the major portion of the length of the latter, may advantageously be buried in the kiese'lguhr or other heat insulating material covering the roof proper of the kiln. cent the transverse passage D, the two pipes H are connected to a conduit H which is connected in turn to suitably insulated hot air pipes 0 located at opposite sides of the drying chamber A. The outlet connection M from the car cooling pipes M also delivers hot air into the conduit H.

The conduits O are provided with outlets 0 opening into the interior of the drying chamber at intervals along the length of the major portion of the latter, except for a portion adjacent its inlet end. This last mentioned portion forms a mild warming or initial heating zone which is heated by the corresponding portion of the conduit N supplemented when necessary in the At their ends adj aconstruction illustrated by the heating effect of a set of internal heating pipes 0", at each side of the pathway for the goods, which receive air from the corresponding pipes 0, each through a connection ()9 and in an amount determined by the setting of the damper 0 The air passing through the pipes G ultimately passes. to the atmos here thru the outlets 0' Each outlet 1 to the interior of the drying chamber is preferably provided with a regulatingdamper O and with an air inlet passage 0 through which atmospheric air may be drawn into the drying chamber in amounts dependent on the setting of a damper 0". To avoid concentrated jet deliveries of air to the drying chamber, each outlet 0 isconnected within the chamber to a correratus shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 the brick i' or other material to be dried are preferably heated in their passage thru the drying chamber B in a uniform manner as indicated by the temperature curve of. Fig. 2, from the entrance atmospheric temperature of say'7 5 F., to an exit temperature of say 500 F. During the passage of the brick thru the initial heating-up zone of the drying chamber B, the brick are subjected to a gradual warming action attended with little drying, because the walls of the drying chamber fit closely around the sides of the goods as shown in Fig. 4, so that there is but small convection current or other circulation of the kiln atmosphere. With the slight air circulation in this portion of the drying chamber, its drying action is comparatively slight. This is important, as surface drying of the brick while their interiors are still cold inevitably results in considerable breakage or cracking of the brick.

As the brick pass through the section of the drying chamber into which the outlets 0 from the pipes O discharge'hot air, the brick or other material is heated both directly by' the air thus admitted and also by the heat derived from the conduit N. The air passing upward through the drying chamber and to a certain extent longitudinally thereof from the pipes O. to the outlets B absorbs moisture from the brick. The extent of the drying action of this air is dependent both on the temperature of the air and on its volume. The volume of air is controlled in thermostats P. Each of the latter opens and closes the dampers controlled by it, accordingly as the temperature to which the thermostat is exposed rises above, or falls below, a predetermined temperature. The desired heating and drying effect is one which will not only bring about the desired increase in temperature of the brick as indicated in the temperature chart, Fig. 2, but will insure the proper rate of drying. As the temperature of the brick rises and the drying operation progresses, the drying action may advantageously become more and more energetic. The control of the air supplied to the drying chamber described, obviously permits of any desired regulation of the heating and drying operation.

My present invention is not restricted to use in apparatus in which the kiln is a muflle heated kiln, and in Figs. to 11, I have illustrated a plant especially devised for-drying and burnmg brick in which the brick are burned in a kiln comprising an open fire heated high temperature zone. In this embodiment of'my invention the drying chamber BB is in alignment with and forms a direct extension of the kiln CC, and the brick carrying cars AA enters the drying chamber BB at the entrance vend B and passes first through the drying chamber and then through the kiln on track rails (1 which run from the entrance end of the drying chamber to the exit end C of the kiln. In passing through the final or cooling portion of the kiln chamber, the bricks are cooled by atmospheric air drawn in through the open end C of the kiln chamber and drawn ofi' from the roof of the cooling zone section of the kiln at intervals along the length of the latter through outlet ports 0 which are connected to conduits Q, supported on the roof of the kiln chamber and which supply air to the drying chamber BB as hereinafter described.

The portion of the kiln chamber above the pathway for the goods in the goods cooling chamber is divided into a series of compartments open at their lower ends by,

The

transverse partitions or barriers C partitions or barriers C extend into close proximity with the stack, of brick on the cars AA. The one of these compartments closest to the furnace zone of the kiln is connected by passages C to tunnels or conduits C at the opposite sides of the kiln. Blowers Q drawing air from the pipes Q, blow the air thus drawn through pipes Q and Q into the adjacent ends of the conduits C The jet of air discharged into the ends-of the conduit C by the pipes Q exert a-suction efl'ect whichcauSes hot air to be drawn downward through the vertical passage C and delivered to the passages C. At intervals along the length of the high temperature zone of the-kiln, burner chambers C are provided in the side Walls of the kiln. These'receive air from the passages C each through a corresponding branch supply passage 0 Each chamber (1 receives fuel gas through a supply e011- nection R controlled by a valve R from a corresponding gas supply passage R one at each side-of the kiln.

The gas supply passages R are connected to a gas supply source R which may be a gas holder or a producer. Each burner chamber (1 opens to the interior of the kiln chamber through a burner nozzle S, advantageously formed of carborundum or other highly refractory material and tapered. and disposed so as to direct the burning jet into the kiln chamber at the level of the passages A preferably formed'at the tops of thecars AA-and' open at their upper side to the interstices in the stack of brick mounted on the cars. -Advantageously, the passages A which may be formed in the permanent portions of the cars or in the brick stacks, are arranged herringbone fashion, with each passage parallel 'to the direction of the jets discharged by the corresponding burner nozzles S and inclined at in construction to the combustion chambers I prevlously descrlbed, and each isfconnected at its end adjacent to the drying chamber to a set of-pipes JA. These pipes JA are connected at their ends adjacent the drying chamber by passages J to a conduit NB which runs along the bottom of -'the drying chamber BB between the track rails and is connected at the entrance end of the chamber BB by a transverse passage NB to a fan NC delivering products of combustion to a stack N 9.

The drying chamber BB may be supplied Wit-h heated air in a manner exactly analogous to that in which the chamber B first described is supplied with hot air. The supply pipes O which correspond to the pipe- 0 of the construction first described, are connected to theoutlets of the fans QA which draw air from the pipes Q and also from the car cooling pipes MA. The pipes 0 discharge air into the drying chamber BB through outlets 0 having controlling dampers O and cold air inlets 0 con trolled by dampers O as in the construction first described. The dampers .0 may be antomatically adjusted as in the construction first described by the thermostats P located in the roof outlets B of the drying chamber. The distribution pipes O in this construction preferably have their discharge orifices inclined to the kiln axis as are the orifices. I

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the same effective use is made, in the drier of the apparatus shown in Figs. 5 to 11, of the heat recovered in the kiln in cooling the brick and in cooling the brick carrying cars and trackway, and of the available heat in the products of combustion as in the construction first described. The provision of the chambers IA overcomes in part a characteristic disadvantage .of a simple open fire heated kiln as compared with a muffle heated Dressler kiln, by insuring a more uniform and gradual heating up of the goods than is possible of attainment in the heating up section of a simple open fire heated kiln. The open ended passage P in the chambers IA causes a direct and substantial flow of the kiln atmosphere upward thru these passages along the chambers IA with a return downward flow thru the pathway for the brick which minimizes diflerences in temperature between the upper and lower ends of the stacks of brick, which differences These parts and other novelfeatures of the burning kiln C disclosed but not claimed herein are claimed in my "application Serial No. 407,116 filed August 31, 1920, as a division of this application. I

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated and described the best form of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that changes may be made in the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims and that in some cases certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is:

1. Brick drying and heating apparatus comprising in combination, a fire heated tunnel kiln in which the brick are burned, and a drying chamber in which the brick are dried, means for utilizing products of com bustion from the tunnel kiln in heating the drying chamber, means for cooling the brick and brick transporting means in the tunnelkiln by the use of air thereby heated and .means for injecting the air thus heated into through a high temperature portion of the kiln to cool the goods transporting means,

of a continuous drier having its exit end connected to the. entrance end of the kiln, a heat radiating conduit in the drier, provisions for passing the products of combustion formed in heating the kiln, into said conduit, and provisions for injecting air from both of said streams into the drier at distributed points along the length of the latter.

3. In a continuous drier, the combination with an elongated chamber having an entrance portion restricted to minimize circulation of the drying chamber atmosphere about the goods in saidportion, a heat radiating conduit, heating said portion of the chamber, means for injecting heated air into a subsequent portion of the drying chamber, and outlets from said subsequent portion of the drying chamber for moisture laden air. 4. In a continuous drier, the combination with an elongated kiln chamber, having an entrance portion restricted to minimize circulation of the drying chamber atmosphere about the goods in said portion, a heat radiating conduit heating said portion of the chamber, means for injecting heated air into a subsequent portion of the drying chamber, outlets from said subseguent ortion of thc drying chamber for moisture aden air, and thermostatic means responsive to the temperatures in each of said outlets, for regulating the amount of heated air injected into a preceding portion of the drier.-

5. The combination with a continuous tunnel kiln comprising fuel burning provision for heating a high temperature portlon of the kiln and means for creating a flow of air through a portion of the kiln adjacent its exit end to cool the goods passing through the lastmentioned kiln portion, of a goods drier, means for passing a portion of the air constituting said flow of air to the fuel burning provisions and for passing the balance to said drier, and thermostatic means for mixing cold air with the last mentioned air.

6. In a continuous drier, the combination With an elongated drying chamber, of means for injecting heated air into the drying chamber at intervals along the length ofthe latter and for regulating the temperature of the air injected comprising asu ply, conduit extending longitudinally of the drying chamber, connections between said conduit and chamber, said connections being pro-..

vided with inlets for atmospheric air, and

means regulating the influx of atmospheric air into said connections through said inlets.

7. In a continuous drier, the combination with an elongated drying chamber provided with outlets for moisture ladenair distributed along its len h, of means for injecting heated air into t e drying chamber at intervals along the length of the latter and for regulating the temperature of the air injected, sa d means comprising a supply conduit extending longitudinally of the drying chamber, connections between said conduit and chamber distributed along the length of said chamber and each formed with an inlet for atmospheric air, danipers regulating the influx. of atmospheric 'air into said connections through said inlets and thermostatic means responsive to the temperature in each of said outlets for regulating the adjustment or a correspondin one of said dampers.

Signed at New ork in the county of New York and State of New York this 16th day 30 of February, A.1D. 1920.

. CONRAD DRESSLER.

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