US1622679A - Arrangement of connections for sending and receiving electric waves - Google Patents

Description

March 29, 1927. I 1,622,679

C. SCHWARZ ARRANGEMENT 0F CONNECTIONS FOR SENDING AND RECEIVING ELECTRIC WAVES Filed Oct. 51. 192] Receiverx BY BQMLINVEZTW? Patented Mar. 29, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,622,679 PATENT j OFFICE.

cam. scnwanz; :oE cnan oTrEneune. NEAR "BERLIN, GERMANY, nssrenon ro WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & manuracrunme company, a conronarron or PENNSYLVANIA.

-ARRANGEMENT or conNEc'rIons r03. sEnnme AND nEcEIvINa- ELEcrnIc WAVES.

, a pncamnmea October 31, .1921, Serial'li'o. 511,831, and in Germany May 26, 1921.

This invention relatesto a systemlfor sending and receiving radiosignals, although paths and it inclu es'arrangements for securing proper balancing among-the paths. f

It is a further object of this invention to devise a system wherein the balancing 111st mentioned may be used to prevent energyfrom the sending apparatus fromactuating 15 the receiving apparatus at the same station. It is a-further object of this invention to provide for interchanging the connections of the several paths so that greatexactness of balancing shall not be required.

Other objects and details of construction will be apparent from the following descrip- 7 tion and the accompanying drawing, where- Figure 1 is a.diagrammatic,illustration of one embodiment of mv invention.

Fig.2 is a similar illustration of another.

embodimentofmy invention. and I Fig. 3 is an illustration of the modification of-the form shown in Fig. 2.

In Fig. 1, 1, 2 and 3 represent three ans tennae. These may be ordinary radiating antennae or they may be wires parallel to the line wires shown at 15, 16 and 17. These line wires may be a power-transmission line, 35 the wires of an ordinary telephone line or or the'wires of a high-tension transmission line.

To each of the antennae is connected a tuned circuit includingrespectively. the inductors' 4, 5 and 6. These inductors are ioined together star-fashion and the center is connected to the ground. The outer end of each inductor is connected to its respective antenna. Adjustable condensers '7, 8 and 9, in parallel to each of the inductors, respectively, provide for the tuning.

The sending devlce indicated by the Ward Sender is of any desired form. It is not illustrated because the particular form of sending device used is not related to the invention covered by this application. In the same way, the receiving device is indicated by the word Receiver appearing adjacent in- Idicator 12. The sending device delivers its energy to twocoils 10 and 11 connected in series and in inductive relation, respectively, to the coils 4 and 5. The receiving device obtains energy-through the .coil 12 which is inductively related to the coil 6. The

coupling between the .coils 10 and 4 and the coupllng between the coils 11 and 5 are so adjusted that the'point 14=becomes a potential node, so that the electrical changes in the coils 4. and 5 do not effect the coil 6. The energy sent out by-thesending device, therefore, is delivered to the antennae 1 and to the wires 15 and 16 without afi'ecting the receiving device. The tuning devices 7 and cures a perfect balance, it is possible to further adjust the balancing by altering the electrostatic coupling between the wires 1 i and 15 or the wires 2 and 16.

When" the balancing of the energy delivered bythe sending device is sufficiently perfect so that it does not affect the receiving device at the same station, there will still remain sufiicient unbalancing in the line wires 15, 16 and 17 so that a'distant station, although its sending device be adjusted for balancing. will deliver unbalanced energy through the antennae 1 and 2. and the receiving device at the illustrated station will be actuated thereby. The receiving device is also actuated by energy received from the wire'17 through the antenna 3. It will be apparent that, even when the balancing is imperfect, the point 1 1 can be made to act as a potential node, because it is connected to the ground and is, therefore, kept at zero potential.

In Fig. 2, a similar system is illustrated.

At station A, the sending device is represented by S1 and the receiving device by R1. At station B, the sending device is represented bv S2 and the receiving device by R2. The lines 15, 16 and 17' are connected to the several inductors 4. 5 and 6'by capacities 18, 19 and 20. These capacities may be pairs of parallel wires as already described in connection with Fig. 1. but preferably they are formed by the insulating supports of the , wires 15, 16 and 17'; for"exa1 nple,by

- connecting to metallic coatings upon opposite sides of the suspension insulators.

The effect of the balancing arrangement 1n Fig. 2 is, as already described, that the sending device S1 delivers energy so divided between the coils 4 and 5 at station A that the point 14 there remains at constant potential. The coil Swill be undisturbed thereby and, therefore, the receiver R1 will not obtain current from the sending device S1. The current sent out from the sending device S1 travels over the wires 15 and 16 and reaches the point 14 at station B over the coils 4 and 5 there, from this point it returns to station A over the coils 6 and wire 17, reaching the point 14 at station A. Although this description of the circuit seems to indicate a flow through the coils 6 at each station, the eflect of the balancing described above shows that this current is theoretically zero. Adjustment at station A can produce this result at that station so that the energy sent out by the sending device S1 will not afiect the receiver R1. There will, however, be sufiicient unbalancing in the line so that the receiver R2 at station B will be affected. In the same way, adjustments at station B can be made so that the sending device S2 will not affect the receiver R2 but will produce an efiect at the receiver R1.

It will be obvious that thisarrahgement causes a very small current to flow in the wire 17 and that the energy received at the receiving instruments is small. This disadvantage canbe avoided by interchanging the connections, as illustrated in Fig. 3, where the corresponding parts are indicated by the samereference characters. The two inductors 5 are connected at each station as in Fig. 2 but the connection from the inductor 4 at station A, instead of going to the inductor 4 at station B, goes to the inductor 6, and the connection from inductor 6 at station A goes to the inductor 4 at station .8. With thisarrangement, when a balance is obtained at station A, so that no energy is delivered from the sending device S1 to the receiver R1, a considerable proportion of the ener from the sending device SL will be received at the receiving device R2, since a direct path from the inductor 5 instation A over wire 16, inductor 5 at station B, inductor 6 at station B and the return wire to the inductor 4 at station A exists, which receives the full potential diflerence at station A.

Proper balancing between the inductors 5 and 6 atstat-ion B is, in this form, correlated with the balancing b'etween inductors 4 and 5 at station A. This leaves the balance between inductors 4 and 5 at station B available for the operator there so that he' can vention is capable of many applications. It is alsoobvious that many variations in the details of construction may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention, I therefore, do not intend the patent to be limited except as necessitated by the prior art or indicated by the claims.

I claim as my 1nvention:

1. In a signaling system, three line wires connecting two stations, a connection at the first of said stations between the first and second ofsaid line wires, means for impress ing signaling energy upon said connection, said means being balanced, whereby a poten tial node will be present in said connection, a connection between said potential node and 1 the third wire, a signal-receiving device in said last named connection, a connection at the second station between the first and third of said wires, means for impressing signal ing energy upon said connection,"said means being balanced, whereby a potential node will be produced in said connection and a connection between said potentialv node and the second of said wires, said connection including a signal-receiving device.

2. In a signaling-system, three line wires connecting two stations, a connection at the first'of. said stations between the first and second of said line wires, means for impress ing signaling energy uponsaid connection, said means being balanced, whereby a potential node will be present in said connection, a connection between said potential node and the third wire, a signal-receiving device in said last named connection, a connection at the second station between the first and third of said wires, means for impressing signal ing energy upon said connection, said means gy whereby the signal-sending energy at each station is prevented from effecting the reoeiving device at that station.

3. In a three-wire signaling line, a bridge across two of said wires, a bridge between one of said two wires and the third wire, a connection between said third'wire and the neutral point of said first named bridge, a connection between the neutral point of the second named bridge and the remaining one of said two wires, signal-receiving devices in the said connections to the neutral points and means for impressing signal-sending energy upon said bridges.

4. In a signaling system, two stations, a sending device and a receiving device at each station, a line including a plurality of conductors between said stations, means for establishin a balanced relation at each sta- -conductors, whereby the balancing means at tion where y the signals sent by the sending one station will not revent the sending device at that station will be without efiect -means there from a ecting the receiving 10 on the receiving device at the same station, device at the other station.

5 and one of the conductors being so arranged In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.-

that signaling frequency energy is attenu- 4 ated more therein than in certain of the other CARL SCHWARZ.

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