US1585363A - Hairpin - Google Patents

Description

May 18 192s. 1,585,363

C. R. BENDIG HAIRPIN Filed Mar-ch 11, 1925 Patented May 18, 1926.

were sr'rss CHARLES ROBERT ."BENDIG, 0F PHILADELIHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

HAIRPIN.

Application filed March 11, 1925. Serial No. 14,616.

My invention relates to a new and useful hair pin and the like, which Will give a positive interengagement and ,Security in the hair at all times, and particularly in loose hair; and is therefor particularly devised and adapted for bobbed hair.

My invention further relates to a novel and useful hair pin, which in addition to giving a positive interengagement of loose hair, and a positive security of the pin in the hair, is also easily and readily inserted into and removed from the hair when desired.

With the above ends in view my invention consists of a hair pin having two limbs formed of a single piece of metal wire, a pair of corresponding and co-operating helical convolutions formed in the two limbs, in a right hand direction, and a second pair of corresponding and co-operating helical convolutions formed in the two limbs, in a left hand direction.

My invention further consists of alternate pairs of such corresponding helical convolutions in the limbs of the hair pin, in opposite directions, having the same axis and each extending less than a complete revolution.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown in the accompanying drawings forms thereof which are at present preferred by me, since the same have been found in practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, although it is to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which my invention consists can be various- 1y arranged and organized and thatv my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these instrumentalities shown and described.

Referring to the drawings in which like reference characters designate like parts;

Fig. 1 represents a plan view of a hair pin embodying my invention, shown in actual size.

Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 represents a plan View of a slightly modified form of my invention.

Fig. 4: represents a side elevation of the same. 7 v

Fig. 5 represents a plan view of another modification of my invention.

Fig. 6 represents aside elevation of the same.

In the figures, 1 designates a hair pin embodying my invention being bent in a U- shape at one end thereof asat 2, and having the two limbs 3 and 1 with the free ends 5' and 6. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the two limbs 3 and 4 are first formed into an elliptical shape as 7, and are then wound about each other from approximately the po1nts'8 to points 9, in a helical formation, 10 and 11 in a left hand direction; the respective helical convolutions 10 and 11 having a common axis, and extending less than one revolutionj From approximately the points 9 to the points 12, the convolutions of the limbs 3 and 4: are gradually reversed into right hand helices 13 and 14 also of less than a revolution and having an axis common with each other and with the helices 10 and 11. If desired the limbs 3 and 4 may be directed longitudinally for a short distance between the left and right helical formation. The limbs 3 and 4 are then formed into right hand helices from 12 to about beyond which point they may be straight, convergent, or divergent.

In the modification shown in Figs. 1 and 2, all the helices have a common axis and are less than a full revolution, but being of a relatively short or rapid pitch, are of less revolution than the modification having a, longer or slower pitch as shown in Figures 3 and 4.

In Figs. 3 and 4, I have shown a second modification of my invention embodying the same principles, namely successive pair'sv of alternate left and right hand helical con volutions, all of less than a full revolution, and about a single and common axis. It will be seen upon reference to Figs. 3 and 4 that in this modification each of the convolutions is longer and hence of slower pitch. In order to compensate for the slower pitch and the corresponding decrease in gripping or looking action produced by the two limbs the corresponding convolutions are provided with a greater number of degrees of revolution and hence a greater amount of overlap at the points of reversal 9 and 12. In order to facilitate the insertion and removal of the hair pin into and from the hair, I may provide a handle 16, as shown in Fig. 3 and 4, by turning up the U-shaped end of the hair pin.

' By the above inverse relation of the number of degrees of revolution to the rapidity of the. pitch, there is produced a compensation effect in the security of the pin in loose hair, together with easy operation in dense hair. Thus the slower the pitch (namely the longer the convolutions) of the helices, the greater the number of degrees of the revolution of the helices. Pins of heavy or stiff wire (sometimes preferred to light ones) are given a slow pitch but also a greater number of degrees of revolution, since the slow and hence longer pitch increases the leverage between the two limbs; for greater ease in opening the members of a heavy gauge wire in denser hair; while the greater number of degrees of revolutions preserves the security of the pin in loose hair.

The present construction in hair pins differs fundamentally from any other similar constructions known heretofore. My device alone embodies successive left and right hand helices formed on a common axis. It also embodies as part of my principle that none of the helices make a. complete revolution. Certain signal and heretofore unattainable advantages of the highest practical value result from this construction. Thus hair varies in density not only in different regions of the coillure but also varies greatly in density and hence in the pressure exertedon the length of a single pin. Occasionally the hair is of substantially uniform density and pressure on the entire length of the pin. From these strongly differing conditions, it has always heretofore resulted that pins which held with even moderate security in loose hair, such as bobbed hair, were impractical in being operated in dense hair by reason either of injury to the hair or scalp or by disarranging the coitl'ure in application.

My device, however, will be shown to automatically compensate for all of these varied conditions for a result of ever positive security of operation and noninjury to hair and scalp.

Thus if the hair lies with greater pressure on, say the right hand helix (right hand coming out of the hair) than on the left hand helix, the pin under the influence of any dislodging force must turn for time in the direction of the helix having the greater pressure, or to the right. By so turn ing to the right, the left hand helix is also forced to turn to the right, or directl contrary to its natural direction. Therefor the left hand helices will drag the hair instead of turning it off in screw-like fashion, and hence loose hair will wrap around the left hand helices and develop pressure there exteriorly. This exterior pressure tends to keep the limbs with their helices close to the aXis. Hence the helical or screw-construction and action of the pin is preserved or even increased and the friction of the hair interiorly as well as exteriorly is either preserved or even increased. Atlength a point is reached (as can be clearly shown in p 'ac tice) when the helix having originally less pressure progressively and accumulatively increase its pressure (by reason of continuing to being forced to turn contrary to its natural direction) until finally said pressure becomes equal to the pressure on the right hand helix which (initially) had a greater pressure. At this stage it will be seen (by theory as well as by practice) that the pin will no longer turn either to right or to left and hence both right and left hand helices will dra and wrap the hair about them and hence developing on the entire length of all helices the dragging hold characteristic of a screw that is solicited to advance but is not permitted to turn. At this point the hold of the pin is at a maximum for it can neither turn nor advance. Under the influence of the severest accidental dislodging force the security of the pin is absolute and permanent even in loose hair. So well adapted is my device for a practical hair pin, that if the pin be jarred in loose hair as severely as horsebac riding would entail, the pin will not be dislodged.

'leferring to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive I have shown a plan and side elevation view of each of three modifications of my novel hair pin, in substantially full size, and proportioned actually produced in working models of my invention. Thus in the two modifications shown in Figs. 1 and 2 on one hand and Figs. 3 and l: on the other, I have shown the hair pins having alternate right and left hand helical convolutions in the two limbs thereof, wound about a single axis, the amount of twist however being different in each of the modifications, so as to make the two modifications suitable for hair in dilferent parts of the head dress, though interchangeable in thinner hair. The form shown in Figs. 1 and 2 being used near the surface (as invisibles); while the form shown in Figs. 3 and at are of heavy or stiff wire and are used to pry into the foundation hair. In the modification shown in Figs. 3 and a moreover, I have shown the end 16 turned up so as to facilitate the insertion, removal and the general handling of the pin.

In the modification of my invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6, I have shown a pin having one limb thereof straight and coincident with the axis of the helical convolutions in the other limb. Thus the limb 3 in this modification is straight and has wound about it in alternate left and right hand helical convolutions, the other limb 4, thus being the same as the other variations in principle but owing to helical resistance being on one limb only, provides great ease of operation in voluminous and tight braids often worn by older women, who greatly prefer pins of very easy operation.

It is to be understood that these various modifications of my invention may be further modified to suit any particular requirement as to the density and other characteristics of the hair, and may be made of metallic as well as non-metallic materials such as celluloid, pyralin and the like.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful construction of a hair pin which embodies the features of advantage enumerated, as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and While I have, in the present instance, shown and described preferred embodiments thereof which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is

l. A hair pin having two similar limbs, and successive and corresponding pairs of left and right hand helices formed in each of said limbs, on a common axis, each of said helical convolutions being less than one revolution.

2. A hair pin having two limbs, and alternate right and left hand helical convolutions formed in a limb thereof on a common axis, each of said convolutions being less than one revolution.

3. A hair pin having two limbs, and successive right and left hand helical convolutions formed in one limb thereof about the other limb, on an axis co-ineident with said other limb, each of said helical convolutions being less than one revolution.

4. A hairpin including leg portions having helix turns, the helix turns of one leg overlapping the helix turns of the other leg in alternate succession.

5. A hairpin including legs each formed with a longitudinal series of kinks overlapping the kinks of the other leg in alternate opposite pairs.

CHARLES ROBERT BENDIG.

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