US1573896A - Method of applying plaster and stucco - Google Patents

Description

w. H. ALToN METHOD OF APPLYING PLASTER AND STUCCO Fliled July '7 1925 Feb. 23 1926.

INVENTR.

ATTORNEY Patented F eb. 23, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. .ALTON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO R. T. VANDERBILT COM- IPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., .A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.V

METHOD OF APPLYING BLASTER AND STUCCO.

Application filed July 7, 1925. Serial No. 41,947.

To all lwhom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. ALToN,-

citizen ofthe United States, and resident of Manhattan, New York city, in the county of New York and StateV of New York,lhave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Applying Plaster and Stucco, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved method of applying stucco, plaster and the like to the walls and ceilings of buildings and other structures.

`It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide a simple and effective method of applying stucco or plaster to surfaces without the use of metal or wooden lath. c

It is one of the advantages of the present invention that surfaces, Whether smooth or rough, can be treated to form a waterproof coating which is capable of rmly holdingl stucco or plaster and which covers the surface to be plastered smoothly and uniformly and prevents moisture or chemicals from the plaster or stuccol from penetrating into the surface so treated. f

It is a further advantage of the present invention that the novel, waterproof stucco base can be applied to walls, ceilings etc. of any shape and requires a minimum of labor for its application.

In the past stucco or plaster has been applied to the walls of buildings by means of` various types of lath, both metal and wood,`

which must be applied to the wall and which are open to numerous disadvantages. When wooden lath is employed the tongues of plaster or stucco protruding between the laths are relied on to hold the plaster or stucco. In practice the plaster or stucco is wet when applied and the laths absorb moisture with the resulting swelling of the Wood and on drying out shrink away from the plaster or stucco tongues tending to crack or break the tongues and, permitting the plaster or stucco to be easily loosened.

Metal lath which is used to a large extent with stucco is easily attacked by the chemicals in stucco or plaster, such as for example chlorides, and when the stucco is applied to structures which come in contact with salt spray the absorbent character of the stucco causes it to absorb considerable quantities of salt water which in turn attack the metal lath causing it to rust and finally resulting in cracks and breaks in the stucco surface.

It has been proposed to overcome the defects of metal and wood laths by using condelivered in rolls and is nailed on the walls in place of wooden lath. It has also been proposed to form a rough surface on felt or paper byembedding gravel into the soft surface of the bituminous binder, with which the paper or felt is coated or impregnated. These waterproofed sheet laths are superior to the ordinary wood and metal lath but are still subject to numerous disadvantages. Where transverse Wooden strips are used the expansion and contraction of the wooden strips causes loosening of the plaster as in the case ofpordinary Wooden lath. Further seriouspdisadvantages of sheet lath lie in the fact that it is necessary to nail or otherwise fasten the sheet to the wall on which it is to be used. This practically restricts its utility to walls' of wood or composition which will'take nails as it is ditlicult or impossible to fasten thesheet to metal or brick walls satisfactorily. Moreover the sheet is continuous only Where the Walls are straight and smooth and of substantially rectangular shape. There the walls are of unusual shape or are uneven the sheet must be cut with the resultant joints or seams which permit moisture to penetrate with the result that the Walls are attacked and frequently tend to expand and thus crack the stucco or plaster applied to the sheet. The cutting and attaching of the sheet requires a considerable amount of skilled labor, and, where the Walls are of unusual shape there is much loss in cutting the sheet. It is also difficult or impossible to apply the relatively stiff sheet-lath perfectly evenly and pockets may, and usually do, occur between the Wall and the sheet. These pockets or glitters may become filled with water which expands on freezing and tends to crack the stucco or plaster.

According to the present invention a smooth, uniform and continuous sheet of water proof plastic is applied to the wall or other structure to be plastered and fine gravel, coarse sand, crushed stone, glass,

cork, or similar granular substances are applied to the plastic coating, while still soft.

After hardening the coating presents a uniform, continuous roughened surface which readily takes plaster or stucco and which y retains it indefinitely as there is no tendency for the coating to expand or contract under the iniuence of moisture and it forms a complete protection to the underlying wall;

The invention will be described more particularly in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a stuccoed wall with the stucco, gravel, and waterproof coating partly broken away.

Fig. 2 is a cross section thru a Wall stuclcoed according tothepresent invention, the

section being taken along the line 2 2 of Fi 1. Y i

'he wall is shown at 1, the waterproofl plastic coating at 2 and the gravel or other granular material at 3. The stucco or plaster 4 is applied to the Coating as shown.'

The waterproof plastic coating of my invention may be prepared. from any suitable Waterproof plastics but I prefer to use pitches, such yas stearin pitch and the like, and bitumens such as tar, asphalt and their derivatives and .which will hereinafter be referred to in the specification and claims as bituminous plastics. It should be understood that while bituminous plastics are parpersions, either by means of solvents or in lthe form Yof water emulsions.

I may also use a combination of heat and solvents, -particularly in the case of hard pitches or tars.

The method of the present invention will' be described more particularly in the following specific example involving the use of water emulsions of bituminous plastics as the plastic coating. Water emulsions of bituminous plastics which may contain emulsiliable gums or resins and emulsifying or deflocculating agents are particularly advantageous in the present process owing to the fact that these emulsions can be applied cold and require no elaborate means for application.

92 parts of. asphalt, 8 parts of colloidal clay and a small amount of soa are ground together in' about 200 parts o water until they form a viscous liquid or thin paste.

The

The emulsication can advantageously be accelerated by the use of moderately elevated temperatures. The paste may be thickened by adding fine sand, asbestos liber, or other` inert filler, or in certain cases may require thinning with lwater in order to produce the correct consistency. The asphalt emulsion Iis then applied to the wall or surface by means of a trowel, brush, cement gun, or other suitable device to form a layer of the desired thickness. material is then distributed over the surface and embedded into it so as to produce a rough irregular surface of protruding granules. The 'number of granules per square inch may vary widely butis in general ffom 3 to 300.

The coated Wall Iisl then allowed to stand until it has dried which period may range from a few hours to several days depending Granular on weather conditions, nature of the paste i and thickness of the layer. When dry the asphalt forms a hard, continuous water roof coating with a rough surface to which plaster and stucco readily adheres.

The application of plaster or stucco is .carried out .in the usual manner but in general the amount of stucco or plaster required is very much less'than with ordinary wood or metal lath. The plastered or stuccoed wall presents a smooth and uniform appearance and the stucco or plaster will .adhere indefinitely.

It will be seen that the present invention constitutes a simple, cheap and eiiicient method of applying stucco or plaster to any type or shape 'of wall or ceiling and overcomes all of the disadvantages incident to the types of lath which have hitherto been used.

I claim: i 1.' Method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto a viscous coatmaterial to provide a rough surface, per- Aing consisting in a water emulsion ofbituminous plastic, embedding thereingranular mitting the coating to harden and applying plaster thereto.

A method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto a visi-ous coating consisting in a water emulsion of bituminous plastic containing colloidal clay, embedding granular material therein to provide aA rough surface and applying.plaster thereto.

3. A method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto a viscous coating conslstin 1n a Water emulsion -of asphalt and ollo1dal clay, embedding granular material therein to provide a` rough surface, permitting the coating to dry and applying plaster thereto.

4. method of plastering surfaces whichv 'comprises applying thereto a `viscous coat-v ing consisting in a water emulsion of bituminous plastic in the presence of a dclocculating agent, embedding therein granular material to provide a rough surface, permitting the coating to` harden and applying plaster thereto. y

5. The method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto a viscous coating consisting in a Water emulsion of bituminous plastic and colloidal clay containing small amounts of a dellocculating agent, embedding granular material therein to provide a rough surface and applying plaster thereto.

6. A method of plastering surfaces which of asphalt, 8 parts of colloidal clay7 and 200 parts of Water in the presence of a small amount of soap, embedding granular material in the coating to provide L rough surface, permitting the coating to harden and applying plaster thereto.

7 A method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto ,a Viscous coating consisting in a dispersion of bituminous vplastic ina medium containing a -.olvent of said plastic, embedding granular. material into the coating to provide a roughsurface and applying plaster thereto.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New York this l6th day of July A. D. 1925.

WILLIAM H, ALTON

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