US1565502A - Penetrometer - Google Patents

Penetrometer Download PDF

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US1565502A
US1565502A US1565502DA US1565502A US 1565502 A US1565502 A US 1565502A US 1565502D A US1565502D A US 1565502DA US 1565502 A US1565502 A US 1565502A
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gauge
base
arbor
webs
needle
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/12—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring rising or falling speed of the body; by measuring penetration of wedged gauges

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  • My invention has its; objectv the cnstruction inexpensively of a suitablegauge, in which the'y mainarbo'r'fis given adequate support, thereby fpermitting ⁇ a, gear .and pinion drive for'the" gauge .needleyto be'us'e'd as a perfectly-reliable mode oit operation. It is my objectfto simplify .the vstructure of means.
  • Figure l is a' perspective view of the device.
  • Figure 3 is a detail ycress section of 'the -micrometer table.
  • Figure l is a central vertical cross section of thegauge.
  • Figurel 6' is a section' on line 6-'6 of Figure 3.
  • the bas'e has a pair of depending webs 6, 6, andl a wedge is'pro'vided which is set beneath the webs and rests on supporting yplates 7, 7, secured on the bottom edges of the base webs'e.
  • the ,wedge is formed as a fork, with the tines 8, 81, vof wedge-like shape and a cross k'inen'iber 9, into which is threaded the adjusting screw l0.y
  • the adjustingscrew has a smooth portion 11, which seats ina -ifotchlQin the edge of thetabl-e so that-the screw cannot move endwise with relation to the table.A The turning O''thehea'd of the screw will thus force the Wedge tines 'in or out'with relation toith'e base, and raisethe table or vpermit itto lower.
  • the base - is formed with Va prejection ⁇ l12 terminating in a boss ⁇ 13, therebeing space left for the table webs 5 vat both sides of the projection.
  • VThe'.central post 4l is secured to the table passes down ythrough the' boss.
  • a spring ⁇ 15 mounted on the end lof Vthepost bearsV against the ⁇ boss 'and' tends to force VVthe table'. downwardly, so that it ⁇ follows the adwedg'e y
  • this construction pei"- mits ffi'le adjustments ofthe table, which 'will give amicrometer adjustment. It ismy intention 'that the rough adjustmentsl for work to'- be done, bev accomplished” by moving 'tlregaugefbodilv andthe fine adjustments be made'by moving the table, onlv which the material to be tested is arranged.
  • the standard 16 is mounted lon th'elbase and carries a slider v1,7, which i's held in p lacefon the standard, adjustably, by means of aset screw 18.
  • the slider hasa mounti'ng f plfate'thereon, as atl9, .for the gauge, and'it has 1 also secured 'tjlie'reto, p the 'needle plunger journal QO'.
  • the slider is then moved along the standard, until the needle is close to the top tace of a piece of material to be tested, that is resting on the table.
  • the slider is then clamped and the table adjusted to bring the point of the needle into contact with the piece to be tested.
  • the gauge being at zero position, the operator grasps the linger piece 2l and holds it in plunger releasing position for the required time. He then operates the gauge to give a reading of penetration ot the needle.
  • the casing ot the gauge is indicated as having a cyliudricai side wall 3l), and a back wall 'l.
  • he main arbor i122 is jorunaled in the back wall, and a pointed forward end not shown which engages a depression for a point bearing in the cover plate 34.
  • This plate 34 is mounted on posts 35 over the gauge mechanism in the usual manner for mechanisms or' this character.
  • the arbor has a drum 36 on which is secured a metal ribbon 37, by means of which the arbor is operated. rlhe arbor projects through the back wall of the c asing, and beyond this wall has a coiled spring 38 thereon, which is held at its outer end by a slotted screw 39, set into the back wall. l
  • the arbor projects beyond this spring, and a small housing is provided having an attaching lug 40 to be screwed to the back wall of the casing, and a hollow body 4l to surround the spring. In the body is a hole 42 to serve as a third journal for the main arbor.
  • 'lhe arbor has a gear 43 thereon, which meshes with a smaller pinion 44, on the This arbor is mounted in the back wall and passes through the cover plate, and a small bracket 46 (only indicated) will hold the pinion and hence the indicator arbor, in position of mesh f'ith the gear 43.
  • the dial plate 47 is mounted over th'e cover plate by any desired means, and the indicator arrow 48 on the arbor 45 moves around the dial, which is calibrated to read in distances of penetration.
  • the contact piece 49 of the gauge is secured to a U-shaped rod, having the arms 50 and 5l.
  • the arm 5l passes up through the gauge and out at the top, and is equipped with a head 52. rlhis arm has also the adjustable block 53 thereon, which holds the end of the metal ribbon that ⁇ is not secured to the drum on the main arbor.
  • the rod portion 50 extends only part way into the gauge casing, and serves as a guide.
  • a screw 53 On top of the contact piece of the gauge is a screw 53, over which is set a screw cap 54. rlhis cap has an enlarged knurled head ⁇ 55, which abuts against the bottom of the gauge casing, and the body of the cap passes in and out ot a hole in the bottom of the said casing.
  • the cap By adjusting the cap, the uppermost positiono the contact piece will be defined, and in operation this cap is adjusted to bring the indicator arrow to Zero.
  • the spring on the main arbor pulls up on the rods 5() and thus holds the cap normally in its uppermost position or abutment against the lower face of the gauge casing.
  • the operator permits the needle to penetrate the material vfor a given time. He then depresses the head 52 of the contact piece rod 51, which revolves the drum on the main arbor by means of the ribbon which is wound around it and secured to the rod. lt also depresses the contact piece until it strikes the upper end of the plunger.
  • the main arbor drives the indicator arrow around to give a reading of how far the contact piece was lowered, which will give a measure in tine degrees of distance which the needle penetrated during the given period of time.
  • l. ln a penetrometer, the combination with a base and standard, of an adjustable element on the standard, said element having a gauge and needle plungerthereon, a material supporting table on the base, and means for giving micrometer adjustment in height to the table to provide [ine adjustments of the position of the surface of a piece of material to be tested.
  • the e combination with a needle plunger and gauge and a material support of framework for supporting said plunger gauge and support, means for adjusting the position of I the gauge and plunger with relation to the framework, and means for adjusting the position of the material support with relation to the framework.
  • An adjustable material. supporting table for penetrometers comprising, in combination with a base, a table having inclined depending webs thereon, ⁇ vertically sliding means intermediate the table and the base, said webs passing through the base, an adjustable wedge arranged to support the table webs, and4 means' on the base for supporting the wedge.
  • An adjustable ymaterial supporting table for penetrometers comprising, in combination with a base, a table having inclined depending webs passing through the base, webs depending in the base along which the table webs lie, a wedge having elements located in support of the inclined webs, supporting plates for the wedge elements secured to the base webs, and a screw rotatably mounted in the base, and threaded in'- to the wedge, and means for guiding the table for vertical sliding only, with relation to the base.
  • An adjustabler material supporting table for penetrometers comprising, in com.k bination with a base, a table having inclined depending webs passing through the base, webs depending in the base along which the table webs lie, a wedge having elements lof VVing from the table, a boss on the base, and

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Description

F. RODLER PENETROME TER Dec. 15, 1925. Y 1.565.502
Filed 00i- 23. 1924 2 Sheets-snee: 1
Mael 52 Y 52 Patented Dec. 15, 192.5.
UNITED ST ATEis r o'FfFrcE.
FRED Robien, oF c'iitciiInArr, offro.
. TROMETER.
by'means of aig'augeto -readvthe amount of penetration of theV 'needle'.V 4
lIn machines' of this character the accuracy of work'is deterinirrd by `the nicety of the iirst adjustmentof` the needle with relation to the gauge', and theaccuracy of the gauge itself.
My invention has its; objectv the cnstruction inexpensively of a suitablegauge, in which the'y mainarbo'r'fis given adequate support, thereby fpermitting` a, gear .and pinion drive for'the" gauge .needleyto be'us'e'd as a perfectly-reliable mode oit operation. It is my objectfto simplify .the vstructure of means. for return spring, andjmeans "for driving the main arbor .by" me'a1is`fof alien ible strip of kmetal lengaging over 'a the motion of which is opposedby the said It is alsof myy object tof provide yinici-Oilfieter adjustment of the'l needle, gauge at Zero, and piece oi n'iateriall tobe tested,`to the end of startingthe ,work at anaccuatelpoi't.
l' faiecomplish my 'objects' by that certain construction' and arrangement of parts tov be Y hereinafter more specifically pointed out and claimed.,
InE the' drawings:
Figure l is a' perspective view of the device. v
Figure Qwlis a kfrontelevation of the gauge with the cover plalt'esreinoved' I.
Figure 3 is a detail ycress section of 'the -micrometer table.
Figure lis a central vertical cross section of thegauge. y
is a detail plan view of theV VFigure 5 spring housing. l
Figurel 6'is a section' on line 6-'6 ofFigure 3. l
Referring to the structure shown in' the drawingswhich is given as "a typical eX- ample of my invention, I provide a table- 'likebase '1, having Van aperture 2, for the table operatingele'ments. The workv supportrng`table 3 has a central'post 4, anda pair of inclined depending webs 5, 5. The
bas'ehas a pair of depending webs 6, 6, andl a wedge is'pro'vided which is set beneath the webs and rests on supporting yplates 7, 7, secured on the bottom edges of the base webs'e. The ,wedge is formed as a fork, with the tines 8, 81, vof wedge-like shape and a cross k'inen'iber 9, into which is threaded the adjusting screw l0.y The adjustingscrew has a smooth portion 11, which seats ina -ifotchlQin the edge of thetabl-e so that-the screw cannot move endwise with relation to the table.A The turning O''thehea'd of the screw will thus force the Wedge tines 'in or out'with relation toith'e base, and raisethe table or vpermit itto lower.
'In ordento guide lthe table, the base -is formed with Va prejection` l12 terminating in a boss `13, therebeing space left for the table webs 5 vat both sides of the projection.
VThe'.central post 4l is secured to the table passes down ythrough the' boss. A spring `15 mounted on the end lof Vthepost bearsV against the `boss 'and' tends to force VVthe table'. downwardly, so that it `follows the adwedg'e y It is tevident that this construction pei"- mits ffi'le adjustments ofthe table, which 'will give amicrometer adjustment. It ismy intention 'that the rough adjustmentsl for work to'- be done, bev accomplished" by moving 'tlregaugefbodilv andthe fine adjustments be made'by moving the table, onlv which the material to be tested is arranged.
The standard 16 is mounted lon th'elbase and carries a slider v1,7, which i's held in p lacefon the standard, adjustably, by means of aset screw 18.' The slider hasa mounti'ng f plfate'thereon, as atl9, .for the gauge, and'it has 1 also secured 'tjlie'reto, p the 'needle plunger journal QO'. I `have not shownv the details of this journahbut vit'wi'll beunder s'toodthatfollowing general practice, atinger piece QLwhen depressed will releasethe plunger for rmovement through rthe v'journal but Whenreleas'edv w'illA a brake to' the plunger so that 'it cannotm'ovef V 'lheplurfgerx is shownatQQ, and' has a chuck 28`forthe penetrationneedle 24. At theupper end'the plungeris to be equipped withweightaas at 25.
VIn" yoperation the plunger is moved .up
indicator arbor 45.
until it contacts at its upper end with the gauge contact piece. The slider is then moved along the standard, until the needle is close to the top tace of a piece of material to be tested, that is resting on the table. The slider is then clamped and the table adjusted to bring the point of the needle into contact with the piece to be tested. The gauge being at zero position, the operator grasps the linger piece 2l and holds it in plunger releasing position for the required time. He then operates the gauge to give a reading of penetration ot the needle.
l will now describe the preferred torni of gauge. The casing ot the gauge is indicated as having a cyliudricai side wall 3l), and a back wall 'l. he main arbor i122 is jorunaled in the back wall, and a pointed forward end not shown which engages a depression for a point bearing in the cover plate 34. This plate 34 is mounted on posts 35 over the gauge mechanism in the usual manner for mechanisms or' this character.
The arbor has a drum 36 on which is secured a metal ribbon 37, by means of which the arbor is operated. rlhe arbor projects through the back wall of the c asing, and beyond this wall has a coiled spring 38 thereon, which is held at its outer end by a slotted screw 39, set into the back wall. l
The arbor projects beyond this spring, and a small housing is provided having an attaching lug 40 to be screwed to the back wall of the casing, and a hollow body 4l to surround the spring. In the body is a hole 42 to serve as a third journal for the main arbor.
It is thus evident that a three-point bearing is provided for the main arbor, in a very simple manner, and that abuse or" the instrument cannot normally get the arbor out of line or distorted, and accordingly that the arbor will always run smoothly and accurately.
'lhe arbor has a gear 43 thereon, which meshes with a smaller pinion 44, on the This arbor is mounted in the back wall and passes through the cover plate, and a small bracket 46 (only indicated) will hold the pinion and hence the indicator arbor, in position of mesh f'ith the gear 43.
The dial plate 47 is mounted over th'e cover plate by any desired means, and the indicator arrow 48 on the arbor 45 moves around the dial, which is calibrated to read in distances of penetration.
The contact piece 49 of the gauge is secured to a U-shaped rod, having the arms 50 and 5l. The arm 5l passes up through the gauge and out at the top, and is equipped with a head 52. rlhis arm has also the adjustable block 53 thereon, which holds the end of the metal ribbon that `is not secured to the drum on the main arbor.
The rod portion 50 extends only part way into the gauge casing, and serves as a guide.
On top of the contact piece of the gauge is a screw 53, over which is set a screw cap 54. rlhis cap has an enlarged knurled head` 55, which abuts against the bottom of the gauge casing, and the body of the cap passes in and out ot a hole in the bottom of the said casing. Thus by adjusting the cap, the uppermost positiono the contact piece will be defined, and in operation this cap is adjusted to bring the indicator arrow to Zero. The spring on the main arbor pulls up on the rods 5() and thus holds the cap normally in its uppermost position or abutment against the lower face of the gauge casing.
Proceeding with the operation of the device, following a setting of the needle into contact with the material to be tested, which I have already described, the operator permits the needle to penetrate the material vfor a given time. He then depresses the head 52 of the contact piece rod 51, which revolves the drum on the main arbor by means of the ribbon which is wound around it and secured to the rod. lt also depresses the contact piece until it strikes the upper end of the plunger. The main arbor drives the indicator arrow around to give a reading of how far the contact piece was lowered, which will give a measure in tine degrees of distance which the needle penetrated during the given period of time.
Having thus described my invention by a typical example thereof, what I claim as novel therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
l. ln a penetrometer, the combination with a base and standard, of an adjustable element on the standard, said element having a gauge and needle plungerthereon, a material supporting table on the base, and means for giving micrometer adjustment in height to the table to provide [ine adjustments of the position of the surface of a piece of material to be tested.
2. In a penetrometer, the combination with a base and standard, of an adjustable element on the standard, said element having a gauge and a needle plunger thereon, a material supporting table on the base, and a screw adjusted wedge for regulating the height of the table with relation tothe base to provide ne adjustments of the position of the surface of a piece of material to be tested.
In a penetrometer, the e combination with a needle plunger and gauge and a material support, of framework for supporting said plunger gauge and support, means for adjusting the position of I the gauge and plunger with relation to the framework, and means for adjusting the position of the material support with relation to the framework.
il. An adjustable material. supporting table for penetrometers comprising, in combination with a base, a table having inclined depending webs thereon,` vertically sliding means intermediate the table and the base, said webs passing through the base, an adjustable wedge arranged to support the table webs, and4 means' on the base for supporting the wedge.
An adjustable ymaterial supporting table for penetrometers comprising, in combination with a base, a table having inclined depending webs passing through the base, webs depending in the base along which the table webs lie, a wedge having elements located in support of the inclined webs, supporting plates for the wedge elements secured to the base webs, and a screw rotatably mounted in the base, and threaded in'- to the wedge, and means for guiding the table for vertical sliding only, with relation to the base.
6. An adjustabler material supporting table for penetrometers comprising, in com.k bination with a base, a table having inclined depending webs passing through the base, webs depending in the base along which the table webs lie, a wedge having elements lof VVing from the table, a boss on the base, and
a spring engaging the lower end of the post and of the boss, as and for the purpose described.
FRED RODLER.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2535830A (en) * 1948-03-03 1950-12-26 Continental Can Co Cure tester for plastics
US2913898A (en) * 1955-06-06 1959-11-24 Exxon Research Engineering Co Hardness determination for semi-solid materials
US5144832A (en) * 1991-03-25 1992-09-08 Polysar Rubber Corporation Flow characterization apparatus and process

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2535830A (en) * 1948-03-03 1950-12-26 Continental Can Co Cure tester for plastics
US2913898A (en) * 1955-06-06 1959-11-24 Exxon Research Engineering Co Hardness determination for semi-solid materials
US5144832A (en) * 1991-03-25 1992-09-08 Polysar Rubber Corporation Flow characterization apparatus and process

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