US1552440A - Fluid-pressure turbine - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 8, 1925.

F. LQSEL FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE fllilnilv I II W m Filed June a, 1924 Izaak 0 li'lluse tatented Sept. 8, i925.

FRANZ 1368131., OF BRUNN, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

FLUID-PRESSURE TURBINE.

Application filed June 5,

To all 1 2750222 it may 607266771.

Be it known that I, FRANZ no: :n, a citiof Czechoslovakia, residing at Brunn Czechoslovakia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Pressure Turbines, of which the following is a. specification.

This invention relates to elastic fluid turbines, particularly of the full admission type. In turbines in which the fluid under pressure is uniformly supplied to the entire circumference of the first blade rings the nozzles are connected with a continuous annular intake or admission space to which the fluid under pressure, steam or gas supplied by a single pipe or conduit. In this class of turbines the parts are subject to very objectionable strains more particularly when fluid under very high pressure is used as the driving agent. This necessitates very heavy construction and great thickness of materials which features are open to the objection that, owing to the irregular heating, there are set up in the material internal stresses and heat expansion stresses which often result in distortions and even breakage.

The object of my invention is to provide a fluid pressure turbine in which the drawbacks just referred to are obviated. With this object in view my invention consists in providing in front of the admission, nozzles a fluid pressure admission part consisting of compartments separated from each other by partitions and pressed into the casing made of forged or rolled material.

In the annexed drawing 1 have shown by way of example an embodiment of my invention. F1 1 1s a part of a lon itudinal section of turbine operated by fluid under high pressure, Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 1T1 Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a section on the line :r@ Fig. 2.

The compartments r for the fluid under pressure in front of the first set of nozzles are encloses on the one hand by the front wall 5 of the casing 9 and on the other hand by the wall Z2 the adjacent compartments being separated from each other by partitions 8. Due to relatively small pressure difference acting on the wall or cover plate 6 and due to the fact that the joints as shown are within the turbine casing, such joints are easily kept fluid tight and no lea age can occur.

In the embodiment of my invention illus- 1924. Serial No. 718,126.

e the drawing he front wall Z) may made of wrought for instance of The co 1 for .e on d bv reces and abutting against the wall Z2 and secured to the same by bolts m. The wall Z) with the compartments or recesses r and the partitions s is preferably formed by pressing. Each of the compartments r has a separate supp ly pipe or admission part a for the fluid under pressure.

T fluid he admission chamber for th under press being subdivided into a plurality of com artment-s separated from each other by partitions capable of being secured to the casing by bolts m constitutes a very strong structure without necessitating an undue thickness of the wall. This structure can be readily and cheaply manufactured and will prove fully satisfact. even under severe conditions of fluid pressure and tempe 'ature.

The subdivision of the a: ission chamber into plurality of compartments ouch of which l is a se; ara'te steam supply pipe is of particular importance for such turbines as are to be operated by steam of very high pressure and highly superheated, and this is the class of turbines for which the present invention is mainly designed, because under these conditions the steam ill)- ply pipes are subject to exceedingly high strains due to dilation by heat further because the provision of pipe connections of sutiicient elasticity meets with practical difficultics; and finally because flange pack are diflicu t to make for pipes of such large diameters as are required for turbines with only one steam supply pipe. All of these drawbacks are obviated according to my invention by providing separate steam supply pipes for the individual compartments. The increase of losses of heat resulting therefrom may be readily reduced to a minimum by suitable heat insulation of the supply pipes.

What I claim is:

.1. In a turbine operated by elastic fluid under pressure, the combination of a casing having an end or front wall integral therewith and shaped to form a plurality of compartments and another separate wall Within the casing at such end covering the compartments therein and forming fluid tight joints with the casing and its end wall, said inner wall having openings leading from the compartments to the nozzles and arranged in a circle near the periphery of the inner wall, and said outer wall having an inlet for each con'ipartment.

2. In a turbine operated by elastic fluid under pressure, a casing, a fluid admission end thereof comprising a separate inner por tion with openings leading to the nozzles and an outer portion integra with the casing and fo ning, with the inner portion, a plurality oi compa rents separated by par itions, and having an inlet portfor each compartment to supply fluid to the openings m such compart nent which lead to the nozzles.

8. In a turbine operated by elastic fluid under pressure, the combination, at the high pressure end of the turbine, of a separate inner wall having therein openings leading to the nozzles and a separate member outside thereof shaped to provide a series of fluid admission compartments to supply fluid to different groups of such openings and having portions to engage said wall around said compartments to form fluidtight connections with said wall.

4. in a turbine operated by elastic fluid under pressure, the combination, at the high pressure end of the turbine, of a separate inner wall having therein openings leading to the nozzles, a separate member outside thereof shaped to provide a series of fluid admission compartments to supply fluid to different groups of such openings leading to the nozzles and having portions to engage said wall around said compartments, to form fluid-tight connections with said wall, and means individual to said compartments for supplying fluid thereto.

5. In a turbine operated by elastic fluid under pressure, a casing, the fluid admission end thereof comprising a high pressure outer front wall shaped to provide therein a plurality of compartments arranged substantially in a circle and an inner cover having groups of openings communicating with such compartments and leading to the nozzles, and pipes, one for each compartment, and communicating therewith, to furnish the fluid required.

6. In a turbine operated by elastic fluid under pressure, a fluid admission part comprising a high pressure outer front wall shaped to provide a plurality of compartments arranged substantially in a circle and an inner cover closing said compartments and having groups of openings communicating with such compartments and leading to the nozzles, and pipes at least one for each compartment and communicating therewith to furnish the fluid required.

7. In an elastic fluid turbine the combination of a casing with an end or front wall made of a material of high tensile strength and having pressed therefrom a plurality of compartments separated by partitions and a cover plate within said casing for closing said compartments and having openings therein communicating with the nozzles leading to the first stage of the turbine, and at least one supply pipe for each compartment.

8. An elastic fluid high pressure turbine, comprising a casing having an end or front wall forming a one piece element with the high pressure casing portion and being shaped to form a plurality of compartments separated by partitions and a separate plate within said casing on such high pressure end w ll and provided with openings connecting said compartments with the first guide nozzles of the turbine, and a fluid supply leading to each compartment.

9, In an elastic fluid high pressure turbine, a high pressure admission end having a plurality of high pressure fluid supply compartments separated by partitions shaped in a one-piece element or plate cooperating with another one-piece element or cover plate to close said compartments fluid tight, at least one fluid supply pipe leading to each compartment, and passages leading from said compartments to the nozzles of the first stage of the turbine.

In testimony whereof I atflX my signature FRANZ LOSEL.

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