US1502376A - Production of ciphers - Google Patents

Description

A. G. DAMM PRODUCTION OF CIPHERS,

Filed April 2, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet l r CIPHEFr onuMs y 6 DRUM STEPPING- MEcHR/v/s/W STEP T! "u;- MECHANISM 01PM: R RECORD A. G. DAMM PRODUCTION OF CIPHEHS July 22 N24 7 I 3,562,376 I Filed April 2, 1920 3 Sheets-$heet 2 July-22 1924. I 1,502,376

A. a. DAMM PRODUCTION OF CIPHERS Filed April 2 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented .tluly 223, i924.

ABIVID GERHARD DAME, F RONNINGE, SWEDEN.

PRODUCTION F CIPHER-S.

Application filed April 2,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Anvil) GERHARD DAMM, a citizen of the Kingdom of Sweden, residing at Ronninge, Sweden, have invented new and useful Improvements in or Relating; to the Production of Ciphers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a new system 7 and apparatus for enciphering and deciph- .ering messages, also to electromechanical connections between a ciphering apparatus proper and such auxiliary machines of known types, provided with keys corresponding to the different characters or signs used. inwritten, printed or telegraphic correspondence, as may serve the purpose of simultaneously recording by material signs,

for instance by printed characters or perforations, the successive manlpulations for enciphering or deciphering and the results obtained.

7 sure the deciphering of such messages.-

A further object of the invention is to revent periodical recurrences by causing.

irregularities in the ciphering. process to follow every occurrence of a particular sign in the text enciphered and also to en- 'Ilhe ciphering method or system used in I this invention consists in this that the selec-- tion of a cipher-sign corresponding to a tary positions relatively to each other of two cyclical series or alphabets .each comprising all signs that. may be used, the or-r der of said signs in .one series being reversed as compared to that of the other series, and further upon the relative positions of said series with respect to each other being successivelychanged as determined by two cyclical key-series, each corresponding toa sequence of movements and stops (periods of rest) of one of the alphabets, so that either the one or the other or both -or neither of the alphabets will move a given distance in a certain direction at each individual ciphering operation. The effect of this is a series of positional changes of more than one kind interrupted by occasional stops or not as desired and furthenupon the occurrence of a certain text-sign having the eifect of eliminating the influence of the key-series either by suppressing during the next ciphering opera- I sponds to a casual text-sign t 1920. Serial no. 370,708.

each other independently; of the sequence of displacements and stops defined by the mg drawings. Fig. 2 illustrates the collectors partly in sectional view and partly in side view. Fig. 3 is aside view of the mechanism for stepping a ciphering member. Fig. 4 is a section through the line a?; in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows the key-wheel .viewed from two diiferent sides. Fig. 6 is a modified form and Fig. 7 a detailview.

Referring to Fig. 1, T: is a key of a keyboard actuated according to the text to be cipher-ed. T, is a key of a common typewriter and T is a key of a typewriter or a machine for producing telegraphic signs, for instance in the form of combinations of perforations in paper-stripsaccording to known systems.

chines as to their functions is'as followsz When enciphering, the key T of the ciphering machine proper which correis depressed, simultaneously" a key'T 0 he typewriter corresponding to the same sign is actuated, the manipulation thus being, for controlling purposes, recorded in print, while a key T of a second typeprinting or perforating machine is simultaneously. actuated and records the cipher-sign corresponding to the text-sign in question.

When deciphering, responds to the casual cip er-sign is depressed, key T, recording this manipulation; by printing the same ,sign, and T. recording the result of the operation, which,

the ke T which corin accordance with the method above -mentioned, will necessarily be the corresponding original text-sign, if using the -same key-series and starting from the same initial position of the mechanisms when enciphe ring and deciphering. From the key T depends a rod (1 provlded at the lowerend with a metal-pin s. Placed beneath the latter is a rhombic metal-member r electric'ally connected through a conductor 1 with the positive pole of a source of current. i

Arranged at either side of the rhomb r is a metal spring is, and 70 respectively placed at such a distance from the same that outwards thus efi'ecting electric connection the pin .9, when positioned between. the member r and either spring, forces the latter between the spring and the source of current. On the depression of the key T, the pin a strikes the upper inclined edge Offlihe rhomb thus being caused to pass between the rhomb '1' and the contact spring 70,, until the pin .9 passes the lowermost corner'of the rhomb. Then the pin] 8 is forced by said spring towards the'centre line of the rhomb and, on the release of the key T, while striking the-lower inclined edge of the 'rhomb, is forced by the same between'the rhomb 2' and the contact spring k Having passed the u per corner of the rhomb, the pin 8 is moved the centre line of the rhomb, the movements described then being repeated at the next depression of a key. The contact spring k, is by means of conductors 2, 3 connected with one end of the winding of a solenoid 8,, the movable armature of which is pivotally connected"with a lever b which, when depressed, may actuate the first-named type-writer kely T The other end of the winding of so enoid S, is 'by conductors 4,

5, 5 connected with the negative pole of the source of current. Consequently, on the de-' pression of the key T the solenoid S v will be excited thus causing a depression oftype- Writer key T Thereby a type-sign is obtained identical to that T. On the depression of the latter another the apparatus circuit is closed simultaneously passing through the ci hering members 63,, C of escribed below and in Fig. 1 only' indicated diagrammatically, as two by being turned in relation to each other, may obtain different mutual positions thus efiecting elec-' tric connection between bearing against one of said members. The contact spring is, mentioned above is by the conductors 2 and 6 connected with acertain contact spring is, bearing against the member C, and connected in'the manner above, mentioned with a certaincontact spring k, bearing against the member (3,. The spring k, is by a conductor 7 connected with one end of the winding of a solenoid S the other end of the by the conductorsS, 5, 5 with the negative pole of the source of current. When excited, the solenoid S will actuate, by means-of its movable armature pivotally connected with the lever C, a key T of a type-writer ,or perforatin machine giving a cipher sign correspon ing to the sign marked on the key -T and the'nature of which depends upon the position of the ciphering members C C in relationto each other in a manner to be described in the following. i

by the last named spring towards I part Tof each of said marked on the key" diflerent pairs of contact springs in, and k, respectively each winding being connected I As mentioned above, the contact spring k will, on the release of the key T, enter into conducting connection with the source of current S, a circuit also being closed through a conductor 9, a solenoid S and the. conductors 10, 11, 5 5. The movable armatureot the solenoid S is pivotally connected with a stepping deviceshown diagrammatically in 1F ig. 1 and turningffor each upward movement of the armature ofthe solenoid, a circular disk N through a certain part, for instance 1/13, of a revolution, said, turning being transmitted by a gear '0, '0 o, to'another. circular disk N 2 thereby obtaining a corresponding movement corresponding to another part, for instance 1/11, of a revolution. The peripheries of the disks N 1 and N, are divided intoa corresponding number of parts, for instance 13 and 11. On these parts projections u may be placed passing, on turning the disks one step at a time, beneath contacts is, and It, so asto close the same temporarily. The'said projections may, however, be substituted by electrically conducting pieces inserted in the peripheriesof the disks, the contacts 70 and is, being constructed as contact springs hearing against the peripheries of the disks. One

contacts 2 k 'is by conductors 13, 14" connected with one end 5 of a windin of the solenoids S and S re- J spectively, ;t e other part being connected by a conductgr 12,12 with the positive pole of the source of current. The other ends of the windings of the solenoids S S are by conductors 15 and 16, 11, 5?, 5 respectively connected with the negative pole. Consequently, when two projections 'u are so placed as to pass, on the depressionof the key T owing noid S beneath the contacts 70 is, so as to close the same, both solenoids S and S are excited. The movable armatures of the latter are connected with adjusting mechanisms for thefciphering'members C and (3 shown no diagrammatically in Fig.1 and more particularly described below, both of the said members underthe said presumption ,thus being turned to a certain extent, said turning, if effected in opposite directions inboth members, always causing a mutual adjust- V ment of the members resulting in an-altered relation between the respective text and cipher signs; If one projection u only is in a position, adapted to close either contact k, or it one cipherin'g member onlywill be adjusted with the result of an alter-- ation of the ciphering relationN If on the contrary no projection in either 'sk N or N 2 has assumed such a position, the relative adjustment of the ciphering members will remain unchanged.

In, order to have the movement or period of rest of ther-cipherin'g members, as men tioned in the preamble, to depend to a certo the excitation of the sole- 105 i shown in dotted lines, in

tain extent upon the occurrence "and position in, the text of any certain letter, or, in other words, upon the key T being depressed at any certain occasion during the ciphering, a switch device is inserted in the conductor 12 consisting of a stationary contact piece al a contact arm d. swingable' about its middle point and an electromag net M breaking, when excited, the contact d, (1 The arm d has a projection e, and bearing against the same is a spring f in such manner as to retain the contact (5 in breaking position, even if the magnet) is inoperative, until the movable armature of the solenoid S or a member connected there- -with as a ratchet lever and pawl strikes, at the end of its path ofmovement, the arm (1 thus returning the same to contact with 11 If for instance the letter a is selected as influence-letter and if one. end of the winding of electromagnet M is connected by a conductor 17 with the conductor 2 of. the a key T marked with the letter a and the other end of the winding by a conductor 18 with the conductor 5, a standstill of the ciphering members will obviously take, place, each time the text letterfa has been ciphered. Consequently, an irregularity of the ciphering depending upon the occurrence of the letter a in the plain text will take place. When the same magnet M on decipherin is connected by switch 17 to conductor of the solenoid S actuating the key T marked with a of the-type-writer or perforating machine, the same standstill and irregularity will obviously take place, each time a cipher sign corresponding to the text letter a has been touched on any one' of the starting keys T.

The two solenoids M and S are connected, when switch 17 is moved to the position arallel to the negative side of the battery and are connected through a key T and line 7 to the, positive side of the battery S when said key is depressed, as follows: negative side of S, line 5, solenoid M, line 17 switch 17? to line 7; negative side of S, lines 5, 5 and 8, solenoid S line 7 both circuits then continuing through line 7, contact 76 cylinder 0 cylinder 0 contact 0 lines 6 and 2, spring 70,, pin 8, member 1', line 1 to positive side of battery S, thus causing the solenoids to operate. v 1 t p Thus, the deciphering is effected in such manner that the key board T is actuated ac-' cording to the cipher obtained, theoriginal text thus being obtained in the type writer T q k If, in the ciphering of a message more than one influence letter has been used, it will be necessary, when deciphering, to connect each of the solenoids S "corresponding to the influence letters with an electromagnet M, ,since otherwise all the solenoids 2 corresponding to the influenceletters would ment ofsaid members independent=of the movement caused. by the contacts I0 it is only necessary to insert the switch (2, d in the circuits'of the solenoids s 8 that is to say between the conductors 13 and 12 and 14 and 12? respectively and so to arrange the switch that it is normally open, but prevailingly closed by the electromagnet M, when ciphering the influence letter.

The general course of the functions of the different devices having been diagrammati- I cally described above, said devices will be more particularly treated below intheir actual embodiments, reference being had to Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

Each of the two ciphering members C and G, shown in Fig. 2 is fastened to a shaft 21 and 22 respectively, said shafts being placed coaxially and adapted to be turned in bearings 26, 27 and 28 secured to the walls 68 and 68 of the apparatus and to an intermediate support 36. Each member consists of a metal tube '23, 23 enclosing-the shaft concentrically at a certain distance and held between two pieces 29, 30 and 29 30 secured to the shaft. The pieces 29, 2% have the form of ratchet wheels, and the pieces 30, 30 consist of circular disks each provided with a cylindrical flange. 25, 25*,insulated from one another and the tubes. Each ciphering member has a num- Slid onto the tubes are rings ber of metal rings equal to that of the starting keys T (Fig. 1). Placed on the shafts 21,

22 are'also circular disks made of insulating material and having circularly arranged contact pins 35, 35 placed in each disk at equal intervals and in a number equal with that of the metal rings 25 and 25-respec- I tively of each cipher member. Each contact pin 35, 35 isby an insulated conductor 67 .electrically connected with any one of the said metal rings 25 25 in arbitrary order. The arbitrary order of said connections is reverse in the two ciphering members, and

consequently, if said members are considered to be placed side by side having the ratchet wheels 29, 29. positioned in the same direction, the ciphering members would be identi cal. sockets 37 placed in the stationary intermediate support 36 are'contact pins 38, 38 forced outwards by coiled springs 39 and arranged circularly at equal intervals with the aforementioned pins 35, 35, the metal rings pf the ciphering-members C C thus beingadapted to be electrically connected in pairs'by suitable adjustment of said members.= Bearing against each of the metal Inserted from both sides in metal rings is contact spring 66 secured to a stationary piece 69 and 69 respectively made of insulating material. Said springs correspond; to the contact springs k, and is, respectively shown in Fig. 1.

The ratchet wheels 29, 29 placed at the outer ends of theciphering members (3,, C are provided on their sides with ratchet teeth 41, 41 in a number equal with that of the contact pins 35, mentioned above (Fig. 3). Each ratchet wheel may be turned by means of a pawl 42 pivoted on an arm 43 pivotally mounted on a pin 44. The

arms 43 are forced by springs 46 against stops 4.5,but are adapted, on the exciting of electromagnets 47, to be attracted by the latter against their pole ends, the ratchet wheels 29 therebybeing; fed forward one step and by means of projections 48 formed on the arms and stopping the ratchet teeth 41, prevented from moving further on account of the inertia.

T he excitement. of either or both of the said magnets 47 is effected by the following devices. Pivotally mounted on a pin 49 fastenedto the frame of the apparatus is a ratchet wheel 51 constructed in the same manner as the aforesaid wheels 29, 29 and adapted to be turned stepwise as the latter by means of a pawl 55 secured to a movable arm 56 pivotally mounted on a pin 59, the said arm being adapted to be raised by an 'electromagnet 76 and provided with a tooth 57 preventing further movement of the wheel 51 on account of the inertia. Sea cured to the ratchet wheel is a toothed wheel 52 having as many teeth as the teeth of the ratchet wheel and gearing with an inter mediate wheel 53 mounted on a pin 48 and gearing with a toothed wheel 54 mounted on a pin 50. Placed at the side of the toothed wheels 52, 54 on the same pin is a cylindrical member 60 and 61 respectively caused by a screw 62 and 63 respectively to partake in the rotation of the toothed wheel (see Fig 4). As will appear from Fig. 5, both members 60 and 61 consist of circular disks 60 60 and 61 61 respectively, being provided at the circumference with a flange having a certain number of recesses and an equal number of perforations 60 and 61 respectively placed concentrically within the flange. In said recesses loose members recast/e 60 may be inserted which by means of pins, 60 entering the perforations 60, 61 are retained so as not beingable to be displaced, after the disks 60 61 by screwing home the aforesaid screws 62, 63, have i been connected with the members 60' and 61" respectively.

The members 60 projecting as lugs outside the periphery of the disks 60, 61* are des-' tined, on stepwise turning of the rotating members, to close either or both of two contact devices 64, 65. As a lug 60 passes beneath the contact device 64 corresponding to the contact in Fig. 1, a circuit is closed,

as mentioned above, exciting the solenoid 47 at one side of the apparatus. A lug 6O passing beneath the contact device 65 corresponding to the contact it in Figfl, the

solenoid 47 at the othersideof the apparathe following, are chosen so as to have no.

factor in common, the wheels 29, 29 having for instance 29 teeth, the Wheel51, 13 teeth, the key wheel 60, 1.3 recesses and the key wheel 61 '11 recesses destined for the lugs 60 placed arbitrarily. According to the embodiment shown the total period of move ment (single series of mutations before repetition occurs) of the ciphering members corresponds consequently to 13.11.29:4,1-47 depressions of the keys.

Assuming that the keys T (Fig. 1) carry the characters of an alphabet and three additional characters the same alphabet being also represented by the keys T assume contact-spring 7:, of key T carrying letter a to be connected through conductor 6 to the first contact spring 66 to the right (Fig. 2) of the right hand cylinder, the solenoid S, of key '1, carrying letter a to be connected through 7 to the first contact spring to the left of the left hand cylinder, supposing the sequential order of characters of the alphabet to correspond to the sequential order of metal rings 25 (Fig. 2) from right to left and rings 25 from left to right, further supposing the sequential order of connections between said metal rings 25, 25 and con tacts 35, 35 respectively to be:

Ring N0. 1, 2, 3, 4., 5, 6, 7, s, 9, 1o, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1s, 19 Contact No. 2 7, 1, 1 1, a, 16, 29, 1e, 21, e, e, 1, 17, 1o, 23, 2, 14, 13, a

Ring N0. 20, 21, 22, 2a, 24, 25, 2e, 27, 2s, 29,

Contact No. 25, 15, 20, 28, 5, 22, 18, 12, 27, 24.

counting the contacts in the direction of movement of each cylinder, further supposing the key-series and its initial position for Jone cylinder to be 11011100111, and same for the other one to be 1010100111111, the sign 1 standing for movement and sign 0 for period of rest, and the initial relative position of the ciphering cylinders to be such as to connect the first ring to the left onthe left hand cylinder to the first ring to the right on the right hand cylinder, then the depression of key T carrying letter a would of course cause the key T carrying the same letter a to 'be' de- 5 pressed. On releasing said key T, each ciphering-cylinder would, according to the key-series, move one step, consequently if key T for letter a were againdepressed, the impulse would pass through ring numher 1, and contact number 26 on the right hand cylinder on to contact number 28 and ringnumber 23 on the left .hand one, thus causing key T for letter -Fw to be actuated, the reversed relation for deciphering between key T for letter w and key -T.

for letter a being at the same time established, the impulse in this. case I passing throughring number 23, and contact number ,28, on the right hand cylinder on to contact number 26 and ring number 1 on the left hand one.

When releasing key '1 forletter a a second time, only one of the cylinders will, according to the key-serie'sessumed, move one step, a thirddepression of the same key T then causing a depression of key T for letter g. 1

The sequence of relative displacements of the cylinders under the above suppositions 30 would be the following numbers of steps:

2,1,1,1,2,1,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,2,1,1, 0) a 7 7 7 7 7- 7 7 7 7 1 a 7 7 2,2,2,1,0,2,1,2,1,1,1,2,2,2,1,1, with a period of 11 13=143 terms, the numerals 1, 2 and 0 designating movements and periods of rest following successive depressions of key T the sequence of ciphersign corresponding to successive depressions of key T for letter a would be: E ag P! 9 X9 2A7? 411 9 7 Z"V9 9 y y: a l g3 p1] 9 a a' g a y 17 y, ahh a P,], 9 7 with a period of 29 l43=4147 letters. the above example it has ban supposed that letter a is not chosenas the letter which influences the'ciphering byjirregularities. Under the same conditions and if ,e

is chosen as influencing letter, the word le ters. wouldibe ciphered: y gl z q y, thecipher of the same word without any influencing letter being: y H h mt.

In the a paratus descri dboth ciphermg members '5 G are turned at Ieach movement through the same angle. The appara- 5 tus may, however, be so modified, that said members, by chan g the gear members, ob-- tain different ang es of rotation in relation to each other. wheel 61 .may, by suitable arrangement of the ear members, obtain any deslredmagnitu e in relation to the movement of the key wheel 60", and the pitch of thekeywheels with reference to the recesses for the lugs 60 may be varied. Fig. 6 illus- 'trates a device for. efiecting any desired The movement of the :key,

movement of one of the ciphering members.

In this case the ratchet wheel. 75 is not mounted on the shaft supporting the ciphering member 71, but on an arbor 74 carrying also the toothed wheel'73. The lat-,- 7 ter gears with a toothed wheel 72 secured to the shaft 70 of the ciphering member, the movement pf the member 71 for each movement of the .ratchetwheel 7 5 by means of any pawl 42 or 42" on thearms 43 and 43 7 thus depending on the ratio between the diameters of the toothed wheels 72, 73. Said toothed wheels are changeable. The number of teeth of the ratchet wheel 75 is,

on the contrary, always equal to the num- 30 her of the keys of the apparatus. By choos ing suitably the-gear wheels it may for instance be efiected that the one ciphering member, if the number of the keys be 29, turns through 2/29 of a revolution and'the other one for instance 4/29.

v By changing the number of teeth of the f wheels 51, 52, 54 (Figs. 2 and 4) and a corresponding change of'the recessesjin the wheels 60 and 61 for inserting the lugs; 60 arbitrary relations between the turning of the two key-wheels for each depression-"of a key may, of course, be obtained, and likewise different arrangements of the lugs 60 may efi'ect different series of operation. The angles of rotation of the keywheels should always" correspond to so great a part of a revolution, as is determined by the number of recesses of the wheels 60 1 and 61. Supposing the; following relations: 17 teeth in the wheel 51, 34,testh in the wheel 52, 44 teeth in the wheel 54 and 17 and 23 recesses for lugs to be inse d in the wheels '60and 61 respectively, a riod of 17 23=39Lkey-deprssions woul be nec- 1 5 \essary for returning the key-mechanisms to startmg position quite independent of the \number of lugs inserted. I T Having now describ d my invention. I declare thatmhat I claim 1. In a machine for producing cipher; meanscorresponding to two series of contacts arranged opposite to one another means to cause the stepwise movement 0% said contacts "relatively to one another, 116

mechanism tocausethe interru tion of the stepwise movementof either orserles of contacts. a v 1 2.111 a" machine for producing cipher,

means corresponding to two, series of con- 1% th of said tacts arranged opposite one another, means to cause a relative, regular stepwise ment of said contact series, meeh 1mm; 7 7 change the regularity ofthe stepping of said contacts and means to control the operation, of said mechanism. A

3. A machine for producing cipher oomprisin means corresponding to two series of ci er characters, means for displacing the m eans corresponding'to the two mries of comprises key mechanism two displaceable" cipher means, means to control the displace ment of either or both said cipher means in accordance with a selected periodicity, and

"means for producingirregularity in accordance with a key for a definite character. 5. n1 apparatus for producing cipher dispatches the combination with a manually operated key board, and recording mecha nism of two co-operating ring commutator drums, brushes therefor, each brush of one drum electrically connected to a key "of said key board, and each brush of the other drum electrically connected to said recording mechanism to record its pertaining cipher character and electrical means in circuit with key mechanism of said manual key board, to step one or both drums.

6. In apparatus for producing cipher dispatches the combination with a manually operated key board, and a cipher mechanism of two co-operating ring commutator drums and brushes therefor, brushes of one drum electrically connected to the key levers of said manual key board and brushes of the other drum electrically connected to the cipher mechanism electrically operated selective drum stepping mechanism in circuit with manual key mechanism, whereby the cipher mechanism will be operated upon the depression of a manual key and a diflerent cipher for each repeated operation of a manual key dependent upon the relative movement of said drums, be given.

7. ln apparatus for producing cipher dis-- patches the combination with a manually operated key mechanism and cipher mechanism of two cooperating ring commutator drums, each ring terminating in a contact in a circular row on its end face, and the two rows of contacts "on the drums in sliding contacting relation, brushes for one drum each electrically connected to a manual key and brushes for the other drum each connected to the cipher mechanism electrically operated stepping mechanism for each drum arranged to step each drum at selected periods but to difi erent extents and included in manual key circuits,

8. In apparatusfor producing cipher dispatches the combination with a manuallyopera'ted key mechanism and a cipher mechanism of two co-operating ring commutator drums, brushes for each drum, the lorushes of one drum electrically connected to the manual key board, and the brushes 0:? the ausoaeve other drum electrically connected for op-' erating the cipher mechanism electrically operated drum stepping mechanism in circuit with manual keys, and means to break the circuit oit'the stepping mechanism upon the depression of a definite manual key,

9. ln apparatus for producing cipher dispatches, and for deciphering-the same, the combination with a manually operated key mechanism and a cipher mechanism of two co-operating ring commutator drums whose individual rings are electrically connected to sliding contacts with their axes at their opposed ends brushes for each ring, the brushes of one drum electrically connected to the manual key mechanism and the brushes of the other drum electrically connected to the cipher arranged concentricallymechanism, electrical means to selectively control the stepping of the drums, and

'means dependent upon the actuation of a particular manual key or keys to temporarily discontinue the operation of the stepping mechanism..

10. In apparatus for producing cipher dispatches and for deciphering the same, the combination with manually operated key mechanisms and cipher mechanisms, of two alined ring commutator drums having cooperating end contacts connected to their respective rings, brushes for said rings, the brushes for one drum electrically connected to said manual key mechanism and the brushes for the other drum electrically connected to said cipher mechanisms, electrically operated stepping means for said drums, means to selectively control the se quence of operation of said stepping mechanism, means controlled from a manual key or keys to temporarily electrically disconnect the stepping mechanism and recording mechanisms in parallel with the manual key mechanisms to rehord a tally of the text to be ciphered.

11. In a machine for producing cipher,

cipher recording mechanism, a ci hering mechanism comprising two series '0 coasting contacts corresponding to two series oi characters movable one with respect to the other andcontrolling the operation of the recording mechanism,- electrically o erated means for stepping either or both sai series of contacts, means to control the operation of said stepping means, a sending key board having on each key means to first send operating current through said coacting contacts to the recording mechanism and thereafter to the controlling and stepping mechanism, and means connected to a key to break the operating circuit for a stepping device.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name. I

ARVID GERHARD UAW.

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