US1486731A - Electric illuminating device - Google Patents

Description

March 11 1924. 1,486,731

W, H. COOK ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING DEVICE Filed July 1, 1920 i lamp,

Patented Mar, ll, i924.

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Application filed July 1, 1920. Serial No. 393,274.

To all whom it may concern:

WALTER H. Coon, a States, residin at My present invention relates to improve-i ments in electric illuminating devices, and the primary object of the invention is to provide means whereby a relatively high degree of illumination can be obtained with economy in the consumption of electric current.

According to the present invention, the light, which may be supplied from a lamp of relatively low power, is concentrated or intensified into a beam, andthe current is supplied-intermittently to the lamp. By interrupting or reducing the strength of the current for the lamp at a sufiiciently high frequency, the light, which is projected therefrom will give theeifect substantially of. continuous illumination, due to persistence of vision. A shutter is also provided for intermittently intercepting the light beam in phase with the interruption of or reduction in strength of the current to the whereby flicker is eliminated or minimized. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of lamps and refiectors are used for projecting light beams in difl'erent directions, and means is provided for supplying current of illuminating stren h intermittently and success vely to the di erent lamps, in conjunction with a shutter which is common to the different lamps and which operate to intercept intermittently the beams of light therefrom in phase with the interruption of the supplyof illuminating current to the differentlamps.

To these and other ends, the invention consists in certain improvements and com binations and arrangements ofparts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the features of novelty being pointed out particularly in the claims at the end of the specification. In the accompanying drawmg- Figure 1 represents a central vertrcal section of an'electric illuminating device constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and 1 Figure 2 represents a transverse section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Similar parts are designated by the same reference characters in the several views. Electric illuminating devices constructed in accordance with the are adapted for use genera ly for illuminating purposes, although it is particularly suitable for use, in the illumination of streets and roadways. The prefered embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing and will be hereinafter described in detail, but it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the precise construction shown, as e uivalent constructions are contemplated and will be included within the scope of the claims.

The illuminating device, as shown in the present embodiment of the invention, comprises a suitable number of electric lamps, two lamps 1 and 2 being shown in the present instance, which are of the incandescent type and these lamps are arranged according to the direction in which the light therefrom is to be projected. In the present instance, the illuminating device is constructed to project li ht in diametrically opposite directions an the lamps are accordingly mounted on the opposite sides of a support or standard 3, which may be mounted upon a post or the like. The lamps are provided with means for concentrating or intensifying the light therefrom into beams, and for projecting these light beams in the a propriate directions. Preferably and-as s own, projectors in the form of reflectors 4 and 5 are provided for this purpose, the reflectors facing in op osite directions and having the respective am s 1 and 2 suitably located in focus therewith. 'According to the present invention, means is provided for supplying electric current of illuminating strength intermittently to each lamp and where, as in the present instance, a lurality of lampsare used, the current 0 illuminating.strength is supplied successively to the difierent lamps. Different means may be provided for accomplishing this purpose, the means shown comprising a commutator 6, the se ments of which correspond in number to t e number of lamps to be supplied with cur rent therefrom. This commutator is mounted on a revoluble shaft 7, which may "be resent invention driven from an electric or other suitable motor 8 and one terminal 9 of an electrical supply circuit is connected to the brush 10 which bears on the commutator. The shaft 7 also carries a pair of collector rings 11 and 12, the collector ring 11 being connected by the conductor 13 to one of the segments of the commutator, and the collector ring 12 being. connected to the other commutator segment by the conductor 14;. A brush 15 bears on the collector ring 11 and this brush is connected by the conductor 16 to one contact or terminal of the lamp 1, while another brush 16 bears on the collector ring 12 and is connected by the conductor 17 to one contact or terminal of the other lamp 2. The other contacts or terminals of the lamps 1 and 2 may be connected to a common return wire 18, the latter being connected to the other terminal of the-supply circuit. By this circuit arrangement, during each revolution. of the shaft 7, current from the main line would be supplied alternately to the lamps 1 and 2, it being understood that while current is being supplied to one of the lamps, the supply of current to the other lamp is completely interrupted. It is preferable, however, to provide means whereby the current is not completely interrupted, but its strength is merely reduced to a strength below that necessary to maintain the lamps in luminous condition, so that not only will sparking at the commutator be reduced or eliminated, but the filaments of the lamps will be kept heated during their non-luminous periods, thus facilitating their heating up to incandescence when again suplied with current of illuminziting strength. %he arrangement preferred for accomplishing this purpose comprises a suitable resistance R, one terminal of which is connected to the supply wire 9 at one side of the commutator and the other terminal of which is connected to the lamp wires 16 and 17 at the opposite side of the commutator.

The present invention also provides means for eliminating or minimizing flicker, and for increasing the frequency of the flashes of light, it comprising a shutter having blades which intercept the beam of light from each lamp during the periods that the current is supplied thereto, the shutter operating at different speeds and having different numbers and widths of blades to vary the frequency and the width of the projected light beams, or to otherwise produce illuminating efiects of different kinds, as may be desired. Theshutter, as shown, comprises preferably a casing 19 having opposed heads,'one of which is fixed to the revoluble shaft 7 so that the shutter will revolve with. this shaft, and the other head loosely surrounds the stationary support or standard 3. The shutter also has a pcripheral portion 20 which is closed to form wearer.

blades, with intervening openings 21 through which the light beam may be projected from each lamp by its reflector, when any of these openings is brought into register with the respective reflector, and the respective lamp is receiving current. For example, when current is supplied to the righthand lamp 2,'a beam of light will be projected from the lamp 2 toward the right. At this time the supply of current to the left-hand lamp 1 is interrupted. A half revolution of the shaft 7, and the shutter connected thereto, interrupts or reduces the stren'gth of current supplied to the righthand lamp 2 and supplies current to the left-hand lamp 1, in consequence of which a, beam of light is projected by the reflector 4 toward theleft. By revolving the shaft 7 and the shutter connected thereto at a sufiiciently high speed, the frequency at which the flashes of light are rejected from the respective lamps, will e suiiiciently high to produce substantially the effect of continuous illumination in the eyes of observers, due to the persistence of vision. Of

course, it will be understood that the illumi nating device inay be used for various purposes and in some instances it may be desirable to supply and interrupt or reduce the strength of the current at lower frequencies and for some purposes the shutter may be omitted. In the construction shown the shutter has six openings and six blades of imperforate portions while the commutator has two segments, in consequence of which the current at illuminating strength will be supplied to each lamp at a frequency of, for example, sixteen times per second, while the shutter will intercept the light from each lamp at a frequency of forty-eight times per second. The freuency and the number of openings in the s iutter may be varied, however, as will be hereinafter explained. The operative parts of the illuminating device are preferably enclosed in a. suitable housing to reduce wind resistance. As shown, ahousing is provided which comprises ,upper and lower heads 22 and 23 and a glass or other trans parent'portion 24, the housing, as shown, being supported on a base 25 to which the upright or support 3 is attached, and the upper head 22 providing a bearing for the revoluble shaft 7 An anti-friction bearin 26 may be provided between the shutter and the lower head of the housing.

The number of openings in the shutter can be varied and they may be of different widths as desired, and also the speed of revolution of the shutter can be increased or decreased so as to produce in effect a succession of flashes of light and darkness which alternate so rapidly that either the eye does not catch the effect at all or catches it but slightly. The primary purpose in using the as separate impressions,

meager shutter is to increase the frequency of the periods of light and darkness, while the lamp is increasing its brilliancy, while it is fully lighted, and while its brilliancy is diminishing and while the current at illuminating strength is being supplied and cut off, and hence the shutter acts to prevent or minimize flicker produced by the supplying and cutting off of the current at illuminating strength relatively to the lamp. This is based upon the phenomenon that the human eye will transmit to the brain a certain number of separate impressions per second but beyond that number the impressions become merged into one another so that the effect is that of continuity. If the flashes of light and the alternating periods of darkness occur attoolow a frequency or are disproportionate to one another, then the eye will perceive the difierence. In this latter condition, persistence of vision' acts only incompletely instead of producing the illusion of steady or continous illumination, the recurring flashes of light and periods of darkness will be perceptible as a flicker. Flicker is objectionable because it causes eye strain in proportion to the amount of flicker. If the flicker is excessive it is highl injurious to the eyes. It has been found t at if the flashes of light and the periods of darkness recur and continue at equal periods and at the rate of forty-eight or more of each to the second, the effect will be, to all intents and purposes, that of continuous illumination. By using the shutter to increase the number of flashes of light and darkness, a blending or dissolv ing effect can be obtained.

The number and size of the blades on the shutter and the speed of revolution of the shutter may also be varied to satisfy the character of illuminating current supplied to the lamp. For instance, when alternating current is used, it would be preferable to avoid bringing the shutter blade orbladcs into synchronismwith one side of the alternation of the current, as this would tend to produce a waving effect in the illumination, that is to say, the brightness of illumination would alternately increase and diminish, due to the fact that the shutter blades would act in approximate synchronism with the alter- .number and size of the nation of the current. Of course, Where a waving effect in the'illumination is desired, as for example, in advertising devices, the blades on the shutter and, the speed of revolution thereof may be proportioned and adjusted to secure such effect. F or continuous illumination, the current at illuminating strength is preferably supplied to each lamp at a frequency of sixteen or more times per second and the shutter would be constructed and operated to intercept the projected light about fortyeight or more times perseeond. The frequency at which the current at illuminating strength is supplied to the lamp, or the construction or speed of revolution of the shut ter may be varied, or both may be varied, when a waving or flicker effect is desired.

I clalm as my invention 1. An illuminating device comprising an electric lamp, means cooperative therewith for concentrating the light therefrom into a beam and projecting such beam, means for supplying electric current of illuminatmg strength intermittently but at a regular frequency to said lamp, and a shutter having a blade of less width than the width of said light beam and movable across said beam during the periods that illuminating current is supplied to the lamp.

2. An electric illuminating device comprising an electric lamp, means for supplying electric current of illuminating strength intermittently but at a regular frequency to said lamp, and a shutter for partially intercepting the light from the lamp at a greater frequency than the interruptions in the supply of illuminatingcurrent thereto.

8. An electric illuminating device comprising' an electric lamp, means for coneen trating the light therefrom into a beam. and for projecting such beam, means for supplying electric current of illuminating strength intermittently but at a regular frequency to the lamp, and a shutter for partially and intermittently intercepting the light beam from the lamp in definite ratio to the frequency of supply of current to the lamp.

4. An electric illuminating device comprising an electric lamp, means for concentrating the light therefrom into a beam and for projecting such beam, means for supplying electric current of illuminating strength 105 intermittently and at a regular frequency to the lamp, and a multiple bladed shutter operative to partially intercept the light beam from the lamp at a predetermined frequency which is higher than the frequency 110 pf supply of illuminating current to the 5. An electric illuminating device comprising a plurality of electric lamps, means for concentrating the light from such lamps into beams, means for successively supplying and interrupting the supply of current of illuminating strength at a regular frequency to the different lamps, and a shutter common to the different lamps and having a plurality of blades each of which is narrower wh1ch is higher than the frequency at which the illuminating current is supplied to the source of light.

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7. An electric illuminating device comprising a plurality of electric lights, means for concentrating and projecting each light, means for successively supplying and interrupting the supply of current of illuminating strength to the different lights and a revoluble multiple-bladed shutter common to the different lights and operative at a regular frequency to intercept the light therefrom.

8. An electric illuminating device comprising an electric lamp, means for concentrating the light and for projecting such light, means for supplying current of illuminating strength intermittently and at a regular frequency to the lamp, and a multiple-bladed shutter for intermittently interrupting the projected light.

9. An electric illuminating device comprising a plurality of electric lamps arranged to project light in different directions, means for supplying electric current of illuminating strength alternately to the different lamps, and a shutter for intercepting intermittently and at a regular frequenc the light from the lamps.

10. prising a source of ligh means for concentrating the light therefrom and for projecting such light,

An electric illuminating device commeans for supplying electric meager current intermittently to. the light at the full voltage of the lamp, means for supplying a constant electric current to the lamp at a lower voltage, and a shutter for intercepting the projected light at a regular frequency in definite ratio to the frequency of supply of full voltage current to the lamp.

11. An electric illuminating device comrising a plurality of electric lights, means or concentrating and projecting each light, means for successively supplying and interrupting the supply of full voltage current to the different lights, and means for supplying a constant current of lower voltage to the difierent lights, and a shuttercommon to the different lights and operative at a regular frequency to intercept the light therefrom at a de nite ratio to the frequency of supply of full voltage current to the lights.

12. prisin range tions, of illuminating a regular frequency An electric illuminating device coma plurality of electric lamps armeans for supplying electric current strength alternately and at to the difierent lamps,

and means for constantly supplying a low voltage electrlc current to the difierent lamps, and a shutter for partially intercepting intermittently and at a regular frequency the light from the lamps.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two suhscriloing witnesses.

WALTER H. UOOK.

Witnesses:

. 8min H. "Vrosoa,

Wnmnn 'V'iosca.

to project light in difierent direc-

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