US1477629A - Majst - Google Patents
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- US1477629A US1477629A US1477629DA US1477629A US 1477629 A US1477629 A US 1477629A US 1477629D A US1477629D A US 1477629DA US 1477629 A US1477629 A US 1477629A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- vessel
- anodes
- oxidation
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 22
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000000188 Diaphragm Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000020127 ayran Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003903 oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000036633 rest Effects 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
Definitions
- ldy invention relates enerally to the oxidation or reduction in an electrolytic cell of organic or inorganic solution or solids and more particularly to such cells as employed in the oxidation of organic oils or solids that are immiscible with the electrolyte and oxidizing material.
- an oxygen carrier such as a salt manganese
- the carrier becomes highly charged with oxygen which is set free by the passage of current through the cell from anode to cathode.
- the oxygen may be transferred from the oxygen carrier to the oil so as to effect the oxidation of the latter it is necessary that the oil shall be completely emulsified with the solution.
- the object of my improvements is to avoid the delay and expense incident to this ope ation and to cilect the simultaneous oxi dation of the oxygen carr'er and transfer of the oxygen to the oil to effect the oxidation of the latter, by causing an etlicient emitdsification of the oil with the solution in the electrolytic cell. itself.
- Fig. of which shows a vertical sect on of an electrolytic cell embodying the structural features of my invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the same on the line Fin. 1.
- Fig. 3 shows in detail a vertical section of one of the perforated anodes with the cathode removed therefrom.
- A imlicates a cylindrical tub, or vessel, provided with alead lining, B.
- A Within the vessel, A, is series of cylindrical lead anodes, C, C, arranged in a circle around the inner periphery of the vessel, which are open at each end and are pro vided with perforations, c, 0.
- the anodes, C are secured to a lead ring, D, to which are connected straps, F, by which the anodes are supported upon the edge of the vessel, A, and which provide a current connection to the anodes.
- the anodes, C are also secured to an inner lead ring, E, by which they are further electrically connected and which also serves to give rigidity to the group of anodes, C, (l.
- the group of anodes C, C are opcratively a single anode.
- each of the cylindrical diaphragms, G is a cylindrical load cathode, ll, rovided at its top with a lead connection, K, which in turn is connected to a terminal, L, to take the current away from the cell.
- the distances between the anode and the porous diaphragm and between the diaphrap'n'i and the cathode are made as small as may be so as to permit of operation with low voltage and yet leave some space for the sullicient circulation of the solution around the anodes.
- a lead covered agitator, M of: the propeller typo, inounted upon a shaft, N, which is lead covered where it is immersed in the solution of the cell.
- the lower end of the shaft ll rests in a socket in plate, 0, which is secured to the bottom of the cell, and has bearings, P, Q, in the cell cover, I, and in a horse, I, located above the cover.
- the agitator M is rotated by means of a pulley, S. upon the shaft, N.
- T, T whereby currents set up in the solution by the movement of the agitator.
- the sell cover, I. is provided with. a vent, l to permit the escape of excess oxy gen and give access to the cell for the puri308) of making tests and the cathode chainhere are also provided with vents, V, to permitthe escape of hydrogen.
- A In carrying the operation into eliect the vessel, A, is filled with asuitable electrolyte, as dilute sulphuric acid, containing an oxygen carrier, such as salt or salts of manganese, to which is added the oil, such as t oluol; to he treated.
- a suitable electrolyte as dilute sulphuric acid, containing an oxygen carrier, such as salt or salts of manganese, to which is added the oil, such as t oluol; to he treated.
- Current is passed through the cell which, in case oxidation'is to be effected, passes rrom the anode to the cathode and the agitator, M, is rapidly re- ' ⁇ *olved.
- An electrolytic cell comprising a containing vessel and a plurality of cylindrical anode elements arranged around and tan gent to a central open space within said VQSSGl and having a common electrical connection.
- An electrolytic cell comprising a containing vessel, a plurality of pairs of anode nection, a cylindrical cathode element located within each of said anode elements and a porous diaphragm. interposed between said anode and cathode elements.
- An electrolytic cell comprising a corn taining vessel, a plurality of pairs of anode and cathode elements, the elements of each pair being arranged concentrically to one another and the several pairs being arranged around a central open space. within said vessel and equidistant from the center ther of, and means located in said open space for effecting circulation of an electrolyte within the vessel.
- An electrolytic cell comprising a containing vessel and a plurality of pairs of cylindrical anode and cathode elements arranged around central open space within said vessel and having their centers outside of said open space.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Dec. 18 1923.
R. K. CHRISMAN ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS Filed May 18,, 1921 INVENTOR W6, QM
ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 18, 1923.
UNITED STATES RUSSELL K. CHRISMAN, OF SYRACUSE, IL
V7 YORK, ASSIG-JOR TO SEME'IJ- OIJVAY COMBANY, OF SGLVAY, NE)? A CORPORATION OF ELEQTEGLYTZU APIPARATUS.
Application filed 18, 1821. Serial No. 430,797.
To all 107mm it may concern:
Be it known that l. linsssnL K. Crims- MAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Syracuse, in the county of ()nondag'a and State of New .ii'ork, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Electrolytic Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.
ldy invention relates enerally to the oxidation or reduction in an electrolytic cell of organic or inorganic solution or solids and more particularly to such cells as employed in the oxidation of organic oils or solids that are immiscible with the electrolyte and oxidizing material.
In effecting the oxidation of an organic oil, such as toluol, by electrolytic action, when an oxygen carrier such as a salt manganese is mixed with the electrolyte of the electrolytic cell, the carrier becomes highly charged with oxygen which is set free by the passage of current through the cell from anode to cathode. In order that the oxygen may be transferred from the oxygen carrier to the oil so as to effect the oxidation of the latter it is necessary that the oil shall be completely emulsified with the solution.
It has heretofore been the practice to effect the oxidation of the oxygen carrier in the cell and then to remove the solution therefrom and effect the emulsification of the oil with the solution in a separate vessel.
The object of my improvements is to avoid the delay and expense incident to this ope ation and to cilect the simultaneous oxi dation of the oxygen carr'er and transfer of the oxygen to the oil to effect the oxidation of the latter, by causing an etlicient emitdsification of the oil with the solution in the electrolytic cell. itself.
To this end i employ the peculiar cell construction hereinafter descriaed and illustratcd in the accompanyin drawings, to which reference will be in de, Fig. of which shows a vertical sect on of an electrolytic cell embodying the structural features of my invention. Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the same on the line Fin. 1. and Fig. 3 shows in detail a vertical section of one of the perforated anodes with the cathode removed therefrom.
Referring to the drawings. A, imlicates a cylindrical tub, or vessel, provided with alead lining, B.
Within the vessel, A, is series of cylindrical lead anodes, C, C, arranged in a circle around the inner periphery of the vessel, which are open at each end and are pro vided with perforations, c, 0. The anodes, C, are secured to a lead ring, D, to which are connected straps, F, by which the anodes are supported upon the edge of the vessel, A, and which provide a current connection to the anodes. The anodes, C, are also secured to an inner lead ring, E, by which they are further electrically connected and which also serves to give rigidity to the group of anodes, C, (l. Thus the group of anodes C, C, are opcratively a single anode.
ll'ithin each of the perforated, cylindrical anodes, (I, C, a porous cup diaphragm, which is set permanently in the removable cover, I. as by leans of molten sulphur and lead as indicated at H. lVit-hin each of the cylindrical diaphragms, G, is a cylindrical load cathode, ll, rovided at its top with a lead connection, K, which in turn is connected to a terminal, L, to take the current away from the cell.
The distances between the anode and the porous diaphragm and between the diaphrap'n'i and the cathode are made as small as may be so as to permit of operation with low voltage and yet leave some space for the sullicient circulation of the solution around the anodes.
Centrally located within the vessel, A, in
the open space between the anodes, is a lead covered agitator, M, of: the propeller typo, inounted upon a shaft, N, which is lead covered where it is immersed in the solution of the cell. The lower end of the shaft ll, rests in a socket in plate, 0, which is secured to the bottom of the cell, and has bearings, P, Q, in the cell cover, I, and in a horse, I, located above the cover. The agitator M, is rotated by means of a pulley, S. upon the shaft, N. Upon the shaft, N, above and below the agitator, M, are located deflector plates. T, T, whereby currents set up in the solution by the movement of the agitator. M, are directed away from the center and toward the outer walls of the cell. The sell cover, I. is provided with. a vent, l to permit the escape of excess oxy gen and give access to the cell for the puri308) of making tests and the cathode chainhere are also provided with vents, V, to permitthe escape of hydrogen.
ill)
In carrying the operation into eliect the vessel, A, is filled with asuitable electrolyte, as dilute sulphuric acid, containing an oxygen carrier, such as salt or salts of manganese, to which is added the oil, such as t oluol; to he treated. Current is passed through the cell which, in case oxidation'is to be effected, passes rrom the anode to the cathode and the agitator, M, is rapidly re- '\*olved. By this the oil is thoroughly mixed and emulsified with the solution and the transfer of oxygen from the oxygen carrier to the oil and consequent oxidation of the latter is effected in situ so that the necessity of removing the solution from the cell in order to eilect the oxidation of the oil is avoided, with consequent convenience and economy 01'? operation.
In case reduction instead of oxidation is to be effected this is accomplished in the same manner, the current, however, being passed through the cell in the opposite direction.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. An electrolytic cell comprising a containing vessel and a plurality of cylindrical anode elements arranged around and tan gent to a central open space within said VQSSGl and having a common electrical connection.
2. An electrolytic cell comprising a containing vessel, a plurality of pairs of anode nection, a cylindrical cathode element located within each of said anode elements and a porous diaphragm. interposed between said anode and cathode elements.
4. An electrolytic cell comprising a corn taining vessel, a plurality of pairs of anode and cathode elements, the elements of each pair being arranged concentrically to one another and the several pairs being arranged around a central open space. within said vessel and equidistant from the center ther of, and means located in said open space for effecting circulation of an electrolyte within the vessel.
5. An electrolytic cell comprising a containing vessel and a plurality of pairs of cylindrical anode and cathode elements arranged around central open space within said vessel and having their centers outside of said open space. V
In testimony whereof I aifix my signature, this lath day of April, 1921.
RUSSELL K. CI-IRISMAN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1477629A true US1477629A (en) | 1923-12-18 |
Family
ID=3405649
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US1477629D Expired - Lifetime US1477629A (en) | Majst |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3116227A (en) * | 1960-10-04 | 1963-12-31 | Gulf Oil Corp | Electrolytic cell |
WO2010057033A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | Mohammad Khodabakhsh | Hydrogen collection apparatus and method |
US8444847B1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2013-05-21 | Craig Evans | Low voltage electrolysis of water |
US20220064807A1 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-03 | H2U Technologies, Inc. | System for managing fuel generation |
-
0
- US US1477629D patent/US1477629A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3116227A (en) * | 1960-10-04 | 1963-12-31 | Gulf Oil Corp | Electrolytic cell |
WO2010057033A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | Mohammad Khodabakhsh | Hydrogen collection apparatus and method |
US20100122914A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | Mohammed Khodabakhsh | Gas collection device and method for use thereof |
US9315907B2 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2016-04-19 | Mohammed Khodabakhsh | Gas collection device and method for use thereof |
US8444847B1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2013-05-21 | Craig Evans | Low voltage electrolysis of water |
US20220064807A1 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-03 | H2U Technologies, Inc. | System for managing fuel generation |
US11814740B2 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2023-11-14 | H2U Technologies, Inc. | System for managing fuel generation |
US11873567B2 (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2024-01-16 | H2U Technologies, Inc. | System for managing fuel generation |
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