US1458770A - Roof construction - Google Patents

Description

Patented June. 12, 1923.

VUNITED sierras` Hman n. Hanns, or snwrcxnny, rminsnvams.

Boor cons'rnUc'rIoN. I

Application tiled Hatch 9, 1922. Serial No. 542,278.

To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, HERBERT E. MARKS, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident of Sewickleypin the county of Allegheny and State o ennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Roof Con-4 structions, of which the following is a speciication.

The invention relates to roof structures of the character disclosed in my Patent No. 1,398,079, or in other words to .roofstructures which include flanged angle members laid upon roof purlins to form a frame, plaster boards or their equivalent supported y the anges of the angle members,'and a body of cementitious material. such as gypsum molded upon and bonded to the plaster boards, the plaster boards affording forms or centering for the cementitious material while being molded.

An ob'ect of the invention is to provide a `roof which may be constructed of inexpen- .sive materials and easily and cheaply erected, which is fireproof, an efficient heat insulator, and light in weight but nevertheless strong and durable. Alfurther object is to improve the roof structure 'of my said patent. l

The invention is applicable to roofs for various purposes, whether iiat, slopinlg, hipped or otherwise irregularly shaped. n the accompanying sheet of drawings it is illustrated in its applicability to a plane section of a roof. Fig.,1.is a vertical section of the preferred formof roof, taken on a 'plane-'transverse to the purlins; Fig.'2 a

vertical section taken at right angles to Fig. 1, the plane of view being indicated by the line II-II, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a plan view of the roof showing ortions of its several layers removed and lligs. 4 and 5sections corresponding to Fig. 1 showing .modifications of construction.

The roof,may be supportedby any suitable rame construction, of which n o part is illustrated except purlins 1, which, as shown, maybe .in the form of channel beams. Obviously the frame and purlins can be of any material, character or design,

depending upon the kind and size of the roof. The purlins, in the case of a sloping roof, run parallel to the eaves and ridge, as

usual.

Supported on the purlins and running at right angles thereto, and consequently'runningV from ridge to eave ina sloping roof,

are a plurality of angle lmembers 2, which may takeA the forni of T-bars resting with their base lian es on thepurlin's and suitably-.secured t ereto with their legs pro- -jecting upwardly. These T-ba'rs form the base or frame of the roofstructure proper and are spaced sufficiently close Ato each other that the distance between them can be bridged by ordinary sizes of plaster boards 3, which are familiar articles of commerce, generally composed 0f and generally quite thm, usually about three-eighths of an inch in thickness.- Theplaster oards are supported with their side edges resting upon the Vhorizontal flanges 4 of the T-bars 2, as shown in Figs. 2 kand 3,.

psum or the'like and in lieu thereof other plaster board members are so arranged so as to prevent down-'- ward sagging of the unsupported ends of the plaster boards. i

One layer of plaster boards ,3. rests directly upon the flanges 4 of the T-bars 2,I and the joints where adjacent ends of plas-` ter iboards 3 meet are overlap ed by other plaster boards. As shown in 3, additional plaster boards 5 are preferabl arranged in a second layer coextensive wit igs. 1, 2 andy the plaster boards 3, but laid so as to break joints with the latter. In the form shown in Fig. 4 relatively narrow sections of plaster boards 5a overlap the joints between the main plaster boards, whereas in the modiication shown in Fig. 5 the additional plas- -ter board sections 5b underlie such joints.

In all forms the additional plaster boards Yare preferably cemented to the main layer of plaster boards. This may be done by spreading vbetween the surface of the boards a thin layer of the cementitious material of which the-roof slab is formed'. Y

If desired, metal reinforcement may be interposed between the two layers of plaster boards, as shown at 6 in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the reinforcement being light wire lll) mesh which is completely embedded in the layer Iof cementitious material between the upper and lower plaster boards.

he plaster boards 3 and 5, 3 and 5a or 3 and 5b when placed in the manner described, es ecially when cemented together, form a sugciently rigid form or centering forthe molding of the roof slab directly thereon, andalso serve as the lower base of the roof slab. The roof slab is formed from suitable cementitious material, preferably gypsum, which is mixed with the proper proportion of water, and then molded directly in place, that is, is poured upon the centerin formed by the plaster boards 3 and 5. he composition of this cementitious material ris preferably the same as, or similar to, that of the plaster boards. It is such that when oured in place it bonds onto the plaster oards, so that the latter and the solidified cementitious material forms a continuous unitary ormonolithic slab 7 of such thickness as to overlie to a material depth the tops of the T- bars 2. L

The slab is` preferably reinforced by embedding in the cementitious material suitable metallic reinforcement 8, such as light metallic lath, wire mesh, or the like. To effectively resist the strains in the slab,

y this metallic vreinforcementis held in such position that when embedded in the solidified Vcementitious slab it will lie near the bottom of the slab at points intermediate the purlins l and near the top of the slab at points above the purlins. `Such positioning ofthe metallic mesh may be secured by providing holes in the upstanding legs ofthe T-bars 2, through which heavy wire orsimilar rods may be threaded from side to side of the roof to hold the metallic mesh in place. For instance, as shown in Figs. l and 3, one set of such wires or rods 9 are threaded through holes located quite lowA down to hold the reinforcement down sub'- stantially in contact with the laster boards at points intermediate the pur ins, while anotherseries of rods 10 are threaded through holes above the purlins near the tops of the vertical legs of the T-bars 2 to hold the reinforcement u at points above the purlins. This metal ic mesh reinforcement may consist of continuous strips extending from the eaves to the ridge of the roof, or, in the case of a flat roof, from edge to edge thereof; or it may be composed of a numser of pieces, the ends of which are overlapped so that when embedded in thecementi'tious material it has the same reinforcing eflect as a continuous strip. Also, if desired, the edge ortions of thev metallic reinforcement may ibe bent.l upwardly and made to overlap the upper edges of the T- bars'2, as shown at 11, Fig. 3, so as to secure av continuous transverse tie. The

panel shows the second layer of plaster l boards lying on top of the lower layer with alternating joints. In the upper panel the slab reinforcement 8 is 4indicated Jas being positioned by the rods 9 and 10 extending through the vertical legs 2 of the T-bars. The roof described is of simple construction, is easy and cheap to erect and is light. Because `the entirev structure, including the plaster boards, forms a monolithic slab which is reinforced for its entire length and width, the structure is capable of standing a very considerable load. .The slab is reinforced not only by the metallic mesh vdescribed, but also by the T-bars which become thoroughly embedded in and bonded to the cementitious material. Consequently these T-bars-can be of light cross section and the slab of minimuln thickness. The plaster boards not only form the bottom of the slab, but also serve as a centering, so that the usual centering or forms for erecting roofs loo of this kind can be entirely dispensed with,

thus making a great saving in cost of erection. By having' a double thickness of plaster boards, or at least having the joints of the main plaster boards overlapped by sections of plaster boards, and particularly when these are cementedA together, the plaster .boards are given such rigidity` that they do not sag under the load of the wet cementitious material when placed on them. If the plaster boards are cemented together and the cement allowed to set before applying the cementitious material, the plaster boards will have sufiicient rigidity, especially when reinforced by the metallic mesh 6, to support workmen and thus dispense with the neces-y sity of having boards on the roof for workmen to walk on.

The top surface of this roof structure I' prising a frame, a series of plaster-board.

supporting members carried by said frame, a layer of plaster boards having their op positely dissosed sides supported 'by said members, a ditional plaster boards overlap ing and strengthening the contiguous endg of saidllayer of plaster boards, and a cementitious bod moulded on the laster boards and bonde therewithA and t ereb forming a continuous monolithic roof sla including the fplaster boards.

2. A roof o t prising a frame, a series of plaster-board su portn members carried by said frame, a'llayer o plaster boards having their oppositely dis sed sides sup rted by said members, a ditional plaster ards overlapplaster boards and cemented thereto, and a cementitious bod moulded on the laster boards and bon ed therewith and t ereb forming a -continuous monolithic roof sla including the plaster boards.

3. A roof of the character described com prising a frame, a series of plaster-board members carried by said frame, plaster boards having their oppositely disposed sides'supported bosaid members, a second layer of plaster ards laid upon said first-named layer with joints alternatin therewith, and a cementitious body mou ded u n the plaster boards and bonded therewit thereb formin a continuous monolithic roof s ab inclu ing the cementitious body and plaster boards.q

4. A roof of the character describedcomprising a frame a series of plaster-board supportin members carried b said frame, a. ayer o plaster boards havin their oppositely disposed sides. supported b said members, a second layer of plaster ards laid upon and cemented to said first-named layer with joints alternating therewith, a light metallic reenforcement between said layers of plaster boards, and a cementitious body mounted u n the upper layer of laster boards an Lbonded therewithz therey y forming a continuous monolithic roof he character described com-l lpur ins supported by the upper portions of said angle members, rods intermediate adjacent purlins sup rted by the lower portions'of said ang e-members, metal .reenping the contiguous ends of said layer of forcin fabric extendin over said rstname and below secon -named rods, and a. cementitious body moulded around said fabric'and on the plaster boards and bonded therewith, thereb form n a continuous monolithic roof s ab inclu 1 the laster` boards, cementitious body an metalic reenforcement.

6. A roof of the character described comprising urlins, metallic an le members supporte on the purlins an having op- -positely projecting anges, a layer of plaster `boards supported on said flanges, a second l'ayer of plaster boards laid upon and cemented to first-named layer havi joints alternating. therewith, a li ht metx 1c re- \enforcement between said ayers in plaster boards, rods above the purlins supported by the upper portions of said an le members rods intermediate adjacent purlins supported by the lower portions of said angle members, metal reenforcing fabric extending over said first-named and below said secondnamed rods, and a cementitious body mould? ed around said fabric supported by said rods and on the Eiiwml 0. Jorma.

plaster boards and bonded there-

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