US1452555A - Method of making brake linings and the like - Google Patents
Method of making brake linings and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1452555A US1452555A US445876A US44587621A US1452555A US 1452555 A US1452555 A US 1452555A US 445876 A US445876 A US 445876A US 44587621 A US44587621 A US 44587621A US 1452555 A US1452555 A US 1452555A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- cotton
- brake linings
- impregnated
- lining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- YJQZYXCXBBCEAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ractopamine Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(O)CNC(C)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 YJQZYXCXBBCEAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2762—Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]
- Y10T442/277—Coated or impregnated cellulosic fiber fabric
- Y10T442/282—Coating or impregnation contains natural gum, rosin, natural oil, or wax
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of friction brake linings such as employed for lining the brakes of automobiles and other .uses. It has hitherto been customary to employ for this purpose woven asbestos fiber on account of its heat resisting, noncarboni'zing properties, but the use of th s substance is objectionable not only on account of its relatively high cost, but because a very much of its inherent lack of strength which requires that it be reinforced with a metallic wire mesh and even then the asbestos has a tendency to disintegrate. It has hitherto been considered impracticable to use cotton fiber for this purpose for the reason that no practical way has been known'for preyenting the carbonization and disintegration of the cotton under action of a relatively low heat, i. e., 212 F.
- woven cotton fiber may be impregnated and prepared so that it is capable of withstanding higher degree of heat without carbonlzation or injury, and when treated in accordance with my improved method.
- a brake lining of cotto fiber may be produced adapted for all ordinary brake lining uses.
- An essential feature of my invention consists in treating the cotton brake lining which may have been previously impregnated with. suitable filler and friction substance, in a manner so that ,all the volatile elements are distilled off in an atmosphere of a character to prevent the carbonization of the cotton and at a temperature approximating the maximum that the brake lining will be called upon to withstand in use.
- I preferably provide this non-carbonizing atmosphere by subjecting the material to live steam at a relatively high pressure and for a substantial interval.
- the cotton may be carded and spun in the usual way and may be woven into a fabric, preferably with interposed reinforcing wires or wirenetting.
- the brake lining is thus made up. It is run through a bath composed substantially of a solution of ten per cent (10%) boiled linseed oil, fifteen per cent (15%) turpentine and seventy-five per cent petroleum naphtha in which is dissolved asphaltum, preferably the asphaltic product known as gilsonite in the proportion of two pounds of gilsonite to the gallon.
- the brake lining After the brake lining is impregnated in this solution, itis hun I in a drying chamber, and the more volat le elements of the solution are evaporated at a relatively low temperature, i. e., 212 F. which is the carbonization point of cotton.
- a relatively low temperature i. e., 212 F. which is the carbonization point of cotton.
- the brake lining After this the brake lining is placed in a steam vulcanizer and is subjected to theaction of live steam at a pressure of from to pounds per inch, for from 4 to 5 hours. Since this live steam under the pressure named is at a relatively high temperature, i. e. about 500 F. it results that all the substances of the lining that would be volatile at this temperature will be distilled off and the lining will be impregnated with a baking japan filling throughout.
- T he gilsonite asphaltum substance to which I have made reference is a natural product from certain mines in the Uintah Mountains iirtlie State of Utah, which has been affected by nature to such an extent as to remove the more volatile oils. This substance in its natural form has a co-efiicient of friction well adapted to brake linings.
- the herein described method which consists in impregnating a cotton fabric with a baking japan solution, and subjecting the impregnated fabric to live steam under substantial pressure for a substantial interval.
- the herein described method which consists in impregnating a fabric of vegetable fiber with a baking japan solution, drying the fabric at a relatively low temperature, and then subjecting the fabric to 5.
- the herein described method which F consists in impregnating a cottom fabric with a baking japan solution and subjecting the impregnated fabric to live steam at apressure of 80 pounds or more for 4 hours or more.
- the herein described method which consists in impregnating a multi-ply cotton fabric with a baking japan composed of approximately ten per cent boiled linseed oil, fifteen percent turpentine, and seventyve per cent petroleum naphtha in which is dissolved gilsonite asph-altum of a weight of about two pounds to the gallon, and subjecting the impregnated fabric to the action of live steam under substantial pressure at a temperature materially in excess of-212 F. for a substantial period.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 24, 1923.
I v 52555 "r orrica.
OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS,
TOMAX BROWN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
METHOD OF MAKING BRAKE LININGS AND THE LIKE.
No Drawing.
To all wh-o'nm't may concern:
Be it known that I, FREDERICK J. GLEA- son, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Cambridge, county of Middlesex, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have inventedan Improvement in Method of Haking Brake Linings and the like, of which the following description is a specification.
This invention relates to the manufacture of friction brake linings such as employed for lining the brakes of automobiles and other .uses. It has hitherto been customary to employ for this purpose woven asbestos fiber on account of its heat resisting, noncarboni'zing properties, but the use of th s substance is objectionable not only on account of its relatively high cost, but because a very much of its inherent lack of strength which requires that it be reinforced with a metallic wire mesh and even then the asbestos has a tendency to disintegrate. It has hitherto been considered impracticable to use cotton fiber for this purpose for the reason that no practical way has been known'for preyenting the carbonization and disintegration of the cotton under action of a relatively low heat, i. e., 212 F. I have discovered that by suitable treatment, woven cotton fiber may be impregnated and prepared so that it is capable of withstanding higher degree of heat without carbonlzation or injury, and when treated in accordance with my improved method. a brake lining of cotto fiber may be produced adapted for all ordinary brake lining uses. An essential feature of my invention consists in treating the cotton brake lining which may have been previously impregnated with. suitable filler and friction substance, in a manner so that ,all the volatile elements are distilled off in an atmosphere of a character to prevent the carbonization of the cotton and at a temperature approximating the maximum that the brake lining will be called upon to withstand in use. I preferably provide this non-carbonizing atmosphere by subjecting the material to live steam at a relatively high pressure and for a substantial interval. In carrying out my invention the cotton may be carded and spun in the usual way and may be woven into a fabric, preferably with interposed reinforcing wires or wirenetting. In making up a three-ply lining of cotton I Application filed February 17, 1921 Serial N0. 4=45,S76.
would preferably employ a two-ply wire reinforce. In uniting the layers of material together, they are combined loosely so that the impregnated substance may be taken up thereby readily and to the fullest extent. After the brake lining is thus made up. it is run through a bath composed substantially of a solution of ten per cent (10%) boiled linseed oil, fifteen per cent (15%) turpentine and seventy-five per cent petroleum naphtha in which is dissolved asphaltum, preferably the asphaltic product known as gilsonite in the proportion of two pounds of gilsonite to the gallon. After the brake lining is impregnated in this solution, itis hun I in a drying chamber, and the more volat le elements of the solution are evaporated at a relatively low temperature, i. e., 212 F. which is the carbonization point of cotton. After this the brake lining is placed in a steam vulcanizer and is subjected to theaction of live steam at a pressure of from to pounds per inch, for from 4 to 5 hours. Since this live steam under the pressure named is at a relatively high temperature, i. e. about 500 F. it results that all the substances of the lining that would be volatile at this temperature will be distilled off and the lining will be impregnated with a baking japan filling throughout. The lining is now ready for use except for drying out of the moisture which may be accomplished in an ordinary open-heat oven. T he gilsonite asphaltum substance to which I have made reference is a natural product from certain mines in the Uintah Mountains iirtlie State of Utah, which has been affected by nature to such an extent as to remove the more volatile oils. This substance in its natural form has a co-efiicient of friction well adapted to brake linings.
I do not claim to be the first to use this product in connection with a brake llning, I
but I believe that I am the first to use this product in baking japan and wherein the volatile solvent is removed in the presence of live steam to prevent the carbonization of the cotton or other vegetable fiber of the fabric. While I refer herein to cotton as the material of the fabric, this is to be understood in a broader sense as illustrative ASSIGNOR or ONE-HALF of any suitable vegetable or other, fiber subject to disintegration at higher temperatures. Also while I have found the formula as stated for the baking japan to be a suitable and practicable one, I do not desire to be limited precisely thereto since other, generally equivalent ingredients may be substituted to some extent, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, and to produce a baking japan adapted for the treatment. described. In these as well as other particulars therefore, the present description is to be understood as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being had to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description, to indicate the scope of the invention.
Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: Y
1. The herein described method which consists in impregnating a cotton fabric with a baking japan solution, and subjecting the impregnated fabric to live steam under substantial pressure for a substantial interval.
2.- The herein described method which consists in impregnatinga fabric of vegetable fiber with a baking apan solution and fi subjecting the impregnated fabric to the action of live steam under pressure at a temperature substantially in excess of 212 F. for a substantial interval.
3. The herein described method which consists in impregnating a fabric of vegetable fiber with a baking japan solution, drying the fabric at a relatively low temperature, and then subjecting the fabric to 5. The herein described method which F consists in impregnating a cottom fabric with a baking japan solution and subjecting the impregnated fabric to live steam at apressure of 80 pounds or more for 4 hours or more.
6. The herein described method which consists in impregnating a multi-ply cotton fabric with a baking japan composed of approximately ten per cent boiled linseed oil, fifteen percent turpentine, and seventyve per cent petroleum naphtha in which is dissolved gilsonite asph-altum of a weight of about two pounds to the gallon, and subjecting the impregnated fabric to the action of live steam under substantial pressure at a temperature materially in excess of-212 F. for a substantial period.
In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.
FREDERICK J. GLEASON.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US445876A US1452555A (en) | 1921-02-17 | 1921-02-17 | Method of making brake linings and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US445876A US1452555A (en) | 1921-02-17 | 1921-02-17 | Method of making brake linings and the like |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1452555A true US1452555A (en) | 1923-04-24 |
Family
ID=23770540
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US445876A Expired - Lifetime US1452555A (en) | 1921-02-17 | 1921-02-17 | Method of making brake linings and the like |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1452555A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2455009A1 (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1980-11-21 | Figard Pierre | Mineralising and petrifying cellulose and organic natural fibres - by impregnating with magnesia soln., for use as asbestos substitute |
-
1921
- 1921-02-17 US US445876A patent/US1452555A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2455009A1 (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1980-11-21 | Figard Pierre | Mineralising and petrifying cellulose and organic natural fibres - by impregnating with magnesia soln., for use as asbestos substitute |
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