US1420648A - Mtjltiple-sl fegt apparatus - Google Patents

Description

C. R. MABEE.

MULTIPLE EFFECT APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 23. |915.

Patented June 27, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

C. R. MABEE.

MULTIPLE EFFECT APPARATUS. APPLICATION min ocr. 23. 1915.

Patented Jllll 27, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

invento-.-

tantas stares CHARLES R. MABEE, O1? TOLEDO, OHIO.

T/[ULTIPLE-EFEGT APPARATUS.

i sire-is.

Application filed October 23, 1915.

To aZZ whom. t may concern,

Be itv known that l, (rrannns R. Mixmail, a citizen of the United States, residing` at roledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multiple-Effect Apparatus, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to an evapora'ting apparatus and more particularly to au apparatus of the multiple effect type, wherein all or a major portion of the vapors arising; from the treatment ot' the material in one etiect are utilized and employed as the heatinge` medium for the treating surface of a succeeding effect, and so on throughout the series of etl'ects.

rlhe apparatus is designed 'tor a general use in the treatment Aof liquid materials, or materials containing' liquid, to change the consistency thereof, and is quite serviceable in the treatment of stick water from garbage, waste water from distillery machines, beet' extract, sugar and salt solutioi'is, and other materials or substances commonly treated in a multiple effect apparatus.

lt has been ascertained that by subjecting a circular layer of material to rapid rotatable movement, relative to an externally heat.- ed cylindrical container, evaporation may be expeditiously carried on, and it is one of the primary objects of the present invention to adopt this general principle in obtaining multiple effect treatments, and to this end au externally heated cylimlrical container is employed with means for causing' a relative rotatable movement between the container and a circular layer of material, to be treated, and means for introducing the vapors as they escape into the central Zone within the layer of the material, into a heating space for a subsequent effectl` and so on throughout the series of effects, means of communication being of course provided between the treating chambers for the material in the several effects.

In multiple effect evaporating apparatus as heretofore constructed, vacuum pans have been largely depended upon, and while structures of this character are satisfactory to a degree, still such as I am familiar with, have been quite complicated and expenslve in design and construction, operation and upkeep, and in the improved apparatus under consideration, it is contemplated to Specification of Letters Patent.

fiatcuted J une 27, 1922.

Serial No. 57.472.

vastly simplify constructions of this character, to increasethe efficiency thereof, to obviate the usual objections incident to the use o f vacuum pans as at present employed, to dispense with the employment of condensers, and to provide an apparatus making possible convenient access to the various parts as desired.

ln prior apparatus of the multiple effect type, wherein vacuum was utilized, it was thought the addition of internal pressure to the liquid or material being' treated would impede the evaporation. lthas been found however, from the operation of the present apparatus, about to be described, that by the provision of means for treating the rmaterial under pressure, preferably '-entrifue'al pressure, and maintaining the material under constant movement in layer formation while under pressure oyer the heated surface, better, more economical and expeditious results are possible.y

It is a further object of the invention to provide a multiple apparatus wherein a greater heat transmission is made possible in the several effects than heretofore, and at the same time without subjecting the material to the likelihood of becomingI scorched or otherwise injuriously affected in treatment.

The invention also embraces means whereby any ot' the effects may be singly used for the treatment of certain materials, or whereby any two of said effects will be employed to the exclusion of others, or whereby all of said e'tlects may lie employed together, the various operations being determined largely by the character of the material beinel treated.

'lhe improved construction of multiple effect apparatus embodied herein is of a character wherein 'the operation may be successfully carried on either in connection with employment of vacuum, or whereby the ma terial is treated under pressure, but it is of advantakeevto operate under pressure in the treatment of certain substances, in that the condenser-s are dispensed with and the apparatus may be located at any convenient place, irrespective of large water supply.

More particularly, the invention includes means whereby a layer of material is maintained in layer formation and under pressure while subjected to movement in a circular path over an externally heated cylindrical surface, with means whereby the va por accumulatingin the central Zone rnaintained Within the layer is conducted to 'the heating' space oi" a subsequent eiliect to constitute the heat transmitting niediuni theretor.

lt is obvious of course, that any desired nuniber oil el'liectf niay be employed and that while; the various eii'ecs are substantially similarly constructed, that is to .my in each o'lI the eilects, a treating' surface et cyli drical formation is preferably einployed with ineens for maintaining` a layer of the inaterial While under pressure to relative rotatable inovenient over said treating' surface, at the saine time obvious changes in details ot construction and arrangement oit' parts inay be niade without depfarting; 'troni the spirit oij the invention, the broad undici lyingv iieatures thereof.

ther and t'urther ineans and novel details in the construction and arrangeiue olI the various parts oi the improved appa ratus ivill be appreciated 'troni the descrip tion to follow, which rtor a clear u i'iderstaiidH inc' ot the invention should be considered in connection with the acconnpa-". \,fin` drawing, which torins a part hereoi, and wherein is disclosed for the purpose oit illustration a convenient and satisfactory embodiment o l the invention.

ln the drawings:

Figure l is a longitudinal section oit a preferred forni ot apparatus constrn ted in accordance with the invention.

Figures 2 and 3 respectively are transverse sectional views substantially on the lines @w91 and of Figure l.

ilith more particular reference to the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views, an elongated cylindrical Wall is provided, the saine being preferably 'termed in sections, l, 2, and 3 and detachably connected to one another as by overlapping flanges 1lsecured by removable bolts or the like 5, a suitable packing' being; incdially interposlied between said Hannes to ineke aix: tight joints', and the (V-,ylii'ulrical Walls oll the resiriective sections when in p ace constitutinrin effect substantially uninterrupted continnations of one another. The cylindrical Wall just described is partitioned or divided by suitable disks or plates into a plurality of cylindrical containers tor the material to be treated, three of such conw tainers being` illustrated in the drawings, though it is to be understood that the nuniber and arrangement of? the containers niay be altered or varied to suit conditions or requirements without departing from certain un derlying principles oi the invention. he several cylindrical containers or compartments With their associated parts, Will be termed the cfirst, secondfl and th units or eli'ects in the order succession i ,4.a snee unit ai' an op' end thereoii, trie opening l() being ne'lerably centrally arranged and surrounded by a cover or flange ll.. n inlet for the material to he treated is provided. adjacent the liront end ll S ol the ilirst unit as by the conduit l leading from any source ot supply, the saine having` a `valve control or cut-oil 13 .uhereby to regulate the supply and whereby to regulate the depth or thickness oit the liilni or layer oit the material to be torined upon the interior surface et the cylindrr cal surface l, in a inanner to be presently 'iescriliied.

ltlnrreuneing the various cylindrical containers are jacii'e'l's, preierahly one for each unit, and indicated at l2, lo, and i iespec-A tively, the said jackets being or slightly a diameter than the, enclosed wales` whereby to provide between the 'walls oli' the containers and Jackets, spaces l2, lil

lll resiiiectively i n! Vhe reception. el a inediuni, pre'lfcra :j steain at a hiegh (vture. lt obvious oit course that ffy be utilized as the heating` inediuan pipes being; indicated at l5 i3 respectively. Each oi these ste in provided with a valve control nc 1Gb respectively, it being; obvious if'apors trein one unit to a heat transmitting inedi f unit, certain oli the i e adjusted to close position. the units :is provide-1l with an condensed Vapcr or y sieain as le, and l) respectiveh., the

con( i, ts being provided with a it?. i

valve or other su ble control 17, 18% and a; )ec'tively ln the units succeedingv the lirst, the partition Wall i'v constitutes a clo i Yiront wall succcefl'iun' units, the rear walls lieopen and et confslrucl'iou similar to the unit as indicated :it 2() whereby to pro ide il and 2l". to utilize the 'vapors acatingg; in the treatment oi the n'iaterial i one nuit as the heat transinitting` niedinin or succeeding; unit, and to this end the aclret 13 1rejects forwardly beyond the nuftition '.1' ot the section 2, and the cylinder i, is provided With an openi if 22 Wherebi7 to alliord ion'iuiunicatien l'ietiveeu the snai/Ue lil nnd the chamber between the Walls 9 fl .I of the adjacent Y i valve control or the opening is indicated at 2li.. Lilieu'ise, in the second effect, the vapors will find an outlet through the opening; 20- into the chamber 2l, troni whence it passes through an opening 25 into the space 14.

Dit l w lOo tl i c surrounding the cylindrical wall ot the third effect, whereby to constitute the heat transmitting medium Ytor said third etiect. A valve control 26 is provided 't'or the outlet 25,

Means ot communication between the treating chambers ot thc respeiftive units Ytor the material` is pre/terI bly j n'ovided as it'ollo ws rll'he partially treated material tinds an outlet adjacent the rear end wall 9 ot the lirst unit, a conduit 27 being provided tor this purpose and connecting with the cylindrical wall of the nit, said conduit having an outlet 28 with a valve control 29, the outlet 98 leading to any suitable place ol deposit whereby the material may be discharged directly from the unit l in the event it is not desired to impart tui-ther treatment to the material. ln the event additional units are operated in conjunction with the First unit, a longitudinallyY extending conduit SO Vt'or the material is provided, said conduit having a branch 3l adapted to feed the material into the inlet end ot the cylindrical container ot the second unit, and said branch having therein a valve control 32. The longitudinally exteinling conduit 30 has valves 23 and ,Tl-l: one to each side ot the branch 3l Yfor a purpose to be presently described. Adjacent the rear end ot thesecond unit is an outlet conduit for the treated material, the same communicating' 'ith the longitudinally extending conduit 30 and projecting therebelow, whereby to discharge the treated material at this point. it desired. T he conduit is provided with valves 36 and 37 one to each side ot the point ot' communication with the longitudinally extending conduit 80, and the conduit 30 is provided with valves 38 and 39 one to each side of the point of communication with the outlet conduit The longitudinally extending conduit 30 has a terminal branch 4:0 whereby to constitute an inlet conduit ior the material adjacentthe 'l'ront cud oi' the c \.lindrical container ol the third unit. lhe third unit has an outlet conduit -tl lor the. material, said outlet being preterably valve controlled as indicated at ft2.

Preferably each ot the inlet and outlet conduits for the material at their point'ot communication with the cylindrical containers are tangentially arranged as illustrated more particularly in Figures 2 and S ot' the drawings.

Positioned within each ot' the cylindrical lontainers ot the various units or effects is suitable conveyor mechanism preferably ol a cnaracter to act upon the material as Vted into the respective containers and by a rapid rotatable movement cause the said material to assume a circular layer 'formation adjacent to or in contact with the inner surface ot the exteriorly heated containers, said layer oi material being constantly rotated while subjected to the centrifugal torce oit' the conveyor members. By this means, a central quiet zone is maintained within the layer oli the material lor the escape ot vapors, and these vapors in the el'l'ect subsequent to the lirst, constitute the heat transmitting means for the etiects in succession.

The conveyor mechanism in the illustrative embodiment otl the invention herein, is preferably constructed as follows:

a3 is a longitudinally7 extending shalt pro` jecting 'through the respective units, where-- by a single shaft is common to said units, the said shaft being adapted `tor rotatable movement at a very high speed as by a pulley L-l, vlined upon a projecting end ol the sha't't which latter' is adapted to receive motion, as by a belt a5, driven l'rom any suitable source. The conveyor mechanism Vwithin the respective cylindrical containers ot the various eil'ects is preferably ot the same construction in each instance, and a description ot one will suiiice i'or all. -l-(S are suitable webs or spokes7 secured lo the shaft t3 and having at their outer ends an annular rim d?. Conveniently two ot such webs are used, though it is obvious that an intermediate one or more. oit such webs may be employed. Projecting between the annular rims t7 as by removable bolts are suitable conveyor members di), which conveniently take the shape ot an angle bar with one edge thereoit adj aeent to,l the inner surface of the cylindrical container, and preferably two otI such conveyor members are employed, arranged opposite to one another about the periphery ol the rim menibcrs all, though it is desired that the number o't` these conveyor members may be varied as desired. Also il desired one or more ot said conveyor members maybe provided with a yieldable surilace, such as brush, rubber, or the like whereby to engage the inner surface ot' the conveyor members and tend to wipe any particles o material `l'roiu the surl'ace should the saine adhere thereto.

For a purpose to be j'nesently described. a longitudinally extending by-pass conduit ."St is provided, the same establishing ronnnunication between the vapor chamber 23 and the chamber lei oi' the third unit, said con duit being provided with valves 452 and 53 respectively.

Also each unit succeeding the first may be provided with an iiulependent inlet couduit t'or the .material in the event it is desired to operate the various units separately, or in the event it is desired to blond one material with another in the treatment, that in the second unit being illustrated at -i and in the third unit at 55, said inlets havingl valve controls 5G and 5T respectively.

It desire l, a suction pump or the like, as well as a condenser may be operatively condi vision, dei-inl No. 275,904?, tiled February 1S, .19192 733,178, .iled YDecember 2B, 1912; i. '197,031 tiled Gctober 2e, 1913 (renewed) as li'ilerial No. 108,956), and its division Serial i'o. 805,592.5, and Serial No. Vth/T5@ tiled July. 1) 1915, and its division 'i i TTQQG, tiled February 12, 1916.

claim is: "niltiple ellect evaperating appathe combination ot a plurality of end to end cylindrical containers, each of said conteincre having a surrounding jacket forming' a h ating chamber, said containers having an inlet Vtor the material adjacent and outlet Ytor the treated material jaar the opposite end, and said containers hero y i nd opening ot sullicient siae to permit Vvapors to freely and rapidly esi-ape, means tor introducing a heating medium into the heating jacket oi'i one container sulheient to evaporate liquid constituents ol" t ie material, and the vapor end opensaid container being in communica- :1h the heating chamber Vot a succeed- ,V container. and the discharge outlet of said container beine in communication With the material inlet or a succeeding conta'ner, and cooperating morable means in the resp ctive canainers constructed and arranged to apply the material. as introduced on to the inner sui-tace et the containers ander centrifugal Vt'orce and pressure, and to subject said material while in continuons layer Vformati/,nr to rapid rotatable and si nniltaneons4 enifiivise movement towards the discharge end thereof.

2. in a multiple ellect cvaporating apparatus, the combination oit a plurality ot' end to end cylindrical horizontally disposed containers, each of said containers having a surrouinling jacket 'lorniing a heating chamoer, sz

'l containers having an inlet ttor the inatcrlal :nljncent one end and outlet tor the treated material adjacent the opposite end. and said containers having an end opening ot suflicient size to permit vapors to lreely and rapidlyv escape, means tor introducing a heating medium into the heating jacket ot one container sntlicient to evaporate liquid constituents of the material, and the vapor end opening oi said container being in communication with the heating chamber ot' a succeeding container, and the discharge outlet of said container being in communication with the material inlet of a succeeding container, and cooperating movable means in the respective containers construcrd and arranged to apply the material :is introduced on to the inner surface ol the containers under centrifugal 'torce and presysure. and to subject said material While in wntinuous layer torni-ation to continuous rapid rotatable and simultaneous endwise movement towards the discharge end thereof.

3. 1n a multiple citeet evaporatino` apparatus, the combination et a plnrablity ot' end to end cylindrical containers, said containers having a substantially unrestricted outlet in the outer ends thereot` and closed at their inner ends, a heating chamber snrrounding each container, the heating chambers ot succeeding containers being in direct c niii1n1iication with the unrestricted outlet ol a preceding container whereby to receive vajiors olf evaporation, means t'or introducing a heating medium into the heating chamber of the lirst container', means for introducing the material to be treated adjacent the inner end ot the first container, means :tor receiving the treated material Yfrom the opposite end ot' said container and delivering the same into the Jforward end olf i su -ceeding container, the succeeding` contain having an outlet i'or the treated material adjacent its opposite end, and connected mechanism in the respective containers extending longitudinally ot and adjacent the inner surface ot the containers, adapted to r` tate at a high speed whereby to apply and maintain under centrifugal 'force a continuously rotating and simultaneous end al1-1c movable layer ot the material with a quiet central none l'or the reception of '-apors which rapidly [ind escape through the outlet opening therefor.

fl'. ,ln a multiple ellect evaporating appa` illus, the combination olc a plurality of end to end cyliinlrical horizontally disposed containers, said containers having a substantially unrestricted opening in the outer ends` thereot and closed at their inner ends, a heating chamber surrounding each container, the heating chambers otl succeeding containers being.,Y in direct hcommunication with the unrestricted outlet ot a preceding container whereby to receive vapors of evaporation, means 'lor introiflucing a heating inediinn into the heating chamber, ol the tix-st container, ineans [or introducing the material to be treated adjacent the inner end oi' the first container, means tor receivingl the treated material Yfrom the opposite end ot said container and delivering the same into the forward end of a succeeding container, the succeedingl container having an outlet for the treated material adjacent its opposite end, and connected mechanism in the respective containers extending longitudinally ot and adjacent the inner suriace ot the containers, and means for rotat- CDX ing said mechanism lat a high speed whereby to apply and maintain under centrifugal Yforce retating and simultaneous endwise movable layer of the material with a quiet central Zone for the reception of vapors which rapidly [ind escape through the ontlet openings therefor.

5. ln a .multiple effect evaporati. api trates, the `con'ibination ot' a plurality ot horizontully disposed abutting cylindrical containers, a central shalt projecting ceiitrally through the containers and rotatable at a rapid speed, longitudinally extending conveyor members mounted on the shaft for increment rtherewith and ente ding?)` substantially L-rem end to end of 'the containers adjacent :the inner surftae thereofj a forward container haa/'ing an inlet ttor the material adjacent one end, and an outlet ter the treated Vmaterial adjacent its opposite end in communication with the 'trent end ol' a succeeding container, Which succeeding lcontainer has an outlet for vthe 'treated material adjacent its opposite end, the forward container -also having` -a central. opening` at its rear end oit -sullicient size to permit vapors to freely escape, a heating jaclret surrounding each container, means for supplyingl heat to the Forward jacket, and the succeeding jacket being in communication With the vapor outlet opening of the 'forward container.

l6. In a multiple effect evaporating apparatus, the combination of a plurality ot units comprising` cylindrical end to end containers forming` treating chambers, sha't con` to the plurality et containersA coiyeyor vmembers mounted upon the shaft end prejecting longitudinally ot the containers jacent the inner surface ot the Wall there l means :for heating` the Wall ol one container, and means whereby ythe Walls ol succeeding; containers are heated by vapors Yfrom the material. under treatment in the *treating chamber from tthe preceding container.

ln a multiple elfect -eraporatingl appa ratns, the combination of a plurality ot nu .comprising cylindrical end to end containers forming' ltreatingr chambers, adapted to rc- Aceive rmaterial adjacent one end and to discharge the treated material znljaccnt the opvpesite end`r seid containers kharing at ene end a Ytree opening,lr for the rapid escape of reporte a sliat common to the plurality o rontainers, and combined conveyor and wiper members mounted upon the shaft and projecting longitudinally off the containers adjacentthe inner surface ot fthe Wall thereot, Ameans for heating the Wall or' cornain 'and means whereby the Vall of a succeed .ing container is heated by the wipers est i ing :through said opening from the r^o= Vunder `treatment' -in a precedi t;

A8. In `a. multiple ellect eye-,pori na-- rams, the combination of a cylindrical conknee:

d iapors, plurality olf comrected me nbers Within the c ntaincr Ylfor applying the n'laterial in layer t ation and sulijectinp; the same to endn rse increment over the inner surface of the container, 4and ineens for supplying; heat to said heating jaclaet comprising a second rontainer ot circular cross-se fon connecten directly lo the vfirst mentioned een'gainer. means `for .introducing a substance to be tr ted udjacent one endet' the second coi'itaineipmeens for permittingl the discharge et the su )stance et a point adjacent the opposite end o" the container and for delivering` the saine into one end ot the .first 'mentior )c container, a plurality ol.I connected men'il 'tor positively canning the substance so introduced. to assume the term of a layer on the inner suritace of the container und for rapidly mei' ing the layer circularlyT over the sur; simultaneously endwise oi: the container to the discharge, means for heatingthe Walls et the second container suiiicient to rei/perixc and means for permitting the escape ci 1 crated 'vapors from the end *t the sein ond Vcent Ler into the heating jacket et tl e -lirst mentioned container. Y

.Tn a .uniltiple e ct evapora-ting apple ratns, the combination et cylindrical container haring means 'for imparting;` rapid movement to the materiel thereiinsaie container having a surrounding heating ntaincr having a surrounding heating aclct,

and means for supplying heat to sei/l aclzet comprising asecond cylindrical con rnner arranged end to end with. `the lirst mentioned container, said secend container' having means adje 'ci/it one end :for iiitroducingl ma? teria?. vto be treatedand a discharge openi .j `its enne e end in connnunication with the treating chamber et the lirst ment' l conJ incr, a plurality ot .connected circumlerent .ily spaced members Within the second container Yfor engaging material at the point of entry and sin'udtsmensly movin;Y the same outwardly cireularly and longitndiW nally oi: the container to the discharge, ineens 'fior 'heating the Walls of the com `iner and means Yfor jieii'niitting 'vapors dri `Jen olf vfrom the heat ot the nnlterial to 'freely cseape l1from the container indejrcmlcnt ol the discharge et the nmterial there lironn and to be delivered into the heating.; jacket ot the first mentioned container. l'

l0. ln u multiple effect evaporntinp; en paratus, the combination oi a pluraliiy oit' end to end containers of circular sectiont means for permitting the introduction ol material at'one end of the containers7 means `for permittingr theescape of the treated material at the opposite Vend of the treating surface of the containers5 means located inY- cecungcentaners .and .te pass ever the outer surface and constitute a heating medium for succeeding` containers, and rotatable combined conveyor and wiping means for centri'tugally shaping' the material to the Walls ot the containers, simultaneously Wip- .ing the walls and causing the same to more circularly over the sinfiiaces and simultaneously longitudinally thereof, means Yor heating the vall of the tirst container et the plurality o't containers, and the escape for the treated material oit the first container being in communication with the inlet part ot the treating material o't' a succeeding container.

ll. ln a multiple cllect evaporating apparatus, the combination ot a first container and a second container, said containers being arranged end to end and ot circular scction and having end walls, one ot which is providid ivith a vapor escape o'l' substantial area, means lor introducing the material at one end oi the first container, means adjacent the periphery ot' the container' for permitting the removal or the material after treatment from the opposite end ot the lirst container and tor intror'lucing` the treated material lin the one end ot the second container, Ywhich said container has an opening adjacent its opposite end 'tor the additionally treated material, means Ytor heating' the wall ot the lirst container, a jacket surrounding the second container forming a heating chamber, means establishing ramimunication between said heating chambe and the vapor escape ot the 'first container, a rapidly rotatable sliai't comn'ion to the containers, and means mounted on the saait within the respective containers constructed and arranged 'ter forcibly projecting the material onto the heated Walls, causing 'the same to circulate thereover, and to simultaneously more longitudinally thereoil 'lrom the point ot introduction.

l2. `ln a multiple. eltect eraporating apparatus, the combination ot a first container and a second container, said container-s being arranged end l to end ano ot circular section and having end walls one ot which is provided With a `rapor escape oi? substantial area, means :tor introducing the material at one end o'it the first container, means adjacent the perij'ihcry o'l the container l'or permitting thc removal o l the material atl'er treatment trom the opposite end of the lirst container and `i'or introducing the treated material into one end o'l the second container` which said container has an opening adjacent its opposite end for the additionall)T treated material, means Yfor heating the Wall ol the. first container` a jacket surrounding the second container forming a heating chamber, means establishing' communication bet-Ween said heating chamber and the vapor escape ot the iirst container, a rapidly rotatable shaft common to the containers, and means mounted on the shaft Within the respective containers for forcibly proj ecting the material onto the heated Walls, sinmltancouslj causing the same to circulate thcroover, and to move longitudinally thereot Jfrom the point of introduction, and to simultaneously maintain the treating sur- :ace in a. cleansed or polished condition 'tree from adhering particles.

ll. in a multiple cti'ect cvaporating apparatus, the combination oit a plurality of horizontally disposed end to end containers, means for heating the walls et one container, a jacket surrounding the wall of a second container to form a heating space, means for permitting the introduction of the material at one end olf the first container, means for permitting the escape oi' the treateffl material. adjacent the opposite end ot` said container, mans lo ated inwardly ol the discharge Yior permitting the vapors to lrcely escape 'l'rom the interior ot the first contaii er into the surrounding` heating space ot the second container, means for conducting;` the treated material from the discharge ol" the first container into the interior ot the second container, a rapidly movable drive sha'lt projecting through both containers, and means mounted on said shaft Within both containers Ytor centri'lugally shaping the material to the u'alls oit' the containers and causing the same to move circularly over the surface and simultaneously longitudinally thereof.

lei, ln a multiple e'i'cct apparatus for treating liquids lorcvaporating and similar purposes. thc combination ot succeeding containers ot circular cross section, means for permitting the introduction ot the material at one end ol the container, means for permitting the escape ot the treated material adjacent the opposite end thereof into the inlet end ol a succeeding container, means located `itorwardly 'from the discharge ends ot both containers 'for permitting vapors to escape, and :tor perinitting the vapors to escape to constitute a heat medium `for the Walls ot a succeeding container, a plurality ot circumterentially spaced connected means within both containers for positively causing the entire body ot material as introduced to A assume the Ylorm ot a layer on the inner surl'acc ol the containers and for rapidly moving the layer circular-ly over the container and simultaneously endwise of the containers to the discharge, and a common drive shaft Y llO fcomprisingl horizontally disposed cylil the Wall thereot means iter heating the 'Wall oil." one container and means Wherebj the Walls et succeeftlingcei'itainers are heated by vapors Ytrom the material under treatment in the treating chambers of preceding containers.

le. liu a multiple eiert evaporating i ratus, the combination of a i lural ity oi cal end to end containers forming treating chambers, a shatt common to said containers, conveyor members nieunted upon the sha'lt and projecti ig longiigitudinally ot the centainers adjacent the inner surface et the Wall thereof, means ter heating` the `wall of one coiuaineru means whereby the Walls et succe idling centainers are heater; by vapors arising Yfrom the material under treatment in the treating;- chambers of preceding containers. means 'for rotating' said shat and connected conveyors at a high rate ot speed,

and Wiper means ogertutivel,v associated with said yconveyor inemhe and adapted to engage the interior surface et 'the containers.

1'7". The method et evaporation which consists in applying' a continuous layer et .material to be treated to the interior surii'ace et an externally heated cylindrical container, causing` said layer ot material to positively move continuously in a circular and simultaneously endWise path over said surace While inaintliningv central Zone 'for the escape of vapors, introducing` the material as treated into an auxiliary container, and causing the material in the au-Iiliap'y container to be heated by vapors from the central zone Within said layer oli material.

18. rllhe method oit evaporation which consists in p sitively subjecting a continuous circular layer ot material to rotatable and sinniltaneously endwise movement at a high speed over the inner suriiace ot an externally heated cylindrical container, maintaining a central quiet zone ilor the escape ont vapors Within said layer of material7 introducing` the treated material into an auxiliary conil if? i ,fi-echas taincra and causing the vapors from l quiet Zone olf the iirst mcutienc amer to envelop the Wall the ond container and constitute a heat transmittL g d" "u ter the latter.

a multiple effect apparatus oit the f r (lesrioed, the combination ol" a 'ont-ally disposed cylinfclrical container i roi-In a plurality oit end to end nnhers7 each chamber having a heating space, connected and y sly movable means within the ve treating chambers for causing the to rapidly move in layer formation y and simultaneously endwise over ,l l interior surface ot the cylindrical Walls the treating' chambers and ter maintaining; a central zone iter the escape ot vapors.7 rzieaus et communication between the treating iiunbers tor the materialj and means of commu cation between the vapor rone ol one treating` chamber and the heating` space surrounding a succeeding` chamber.

20. The method ot treating` substances to change the consistency thereot which consists in introduciirg` the same into a horizontally disposed cylindrical container, impartinjgto the substance so introduced the torni elt concaved cylindrical sheet continuously rotatable and simultaneously cndwise movableg maintaining said 'torni ot the sheet through the operation7 simultaneously Wipi the inner surface oit the container and "ingr to the Walls oit the container a D jerature ditlerent from that oit the sub- :nlowing the treatedL material to pass into an auxiliary cylindrical container, subting the material to movement over the -l crier surtace oit the auxiliary container,

l causi L :ne vapors l rising` trom the mail unuer treatment in the irst container .o rapidly escape and surround the walls of the au. liary container.

lu tcstirnonv wher-eetl hereunto alli); iny signature.

CHARLES R. MARRE.

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