US1419688A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

C. T. PEIGLER. INTERNAL comausnou ENGlNE.

APPHCATION FILED OCT. 25, 1920.

Patented June 13, 1922.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

.APP! lCATl0N FILED OCT. 25, 1920.

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-c. T PEIGLER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APP! ICATION FILED OCT-2511920 I Patented June 13, 1922.

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llll APPJICATIGN l-' ,|LED Oct. 25, 1920 i M H 3 a C. T., PEIGLER. INTERNAL pomausnon ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT 25, I920.

Patented J 11116 13, 1922. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICIE.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

T 0 all to 710m it may concern Be it known that I, COMMODORE T. PEIG- Lian, a. citizen of the United States, residing at Rock Hill, in the county of York and State of South Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do here by declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable, others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, and more particularly refers to a motor of this character which operates 011 the two-cycle principle.

An object of the invention is to arrange the pump within the reciprocating piston so that its action may be automatic and by virtue of the inertia it acquires due to the movement of the piston by which it is carried; this construction being more compact and more positive in action than where the pump is separate or where crank case compression is employed.

Another object of the invention is to provide for the firing of the various cylinders composing the engine by transferring automatically from one cylinder to another in the proper sequence a portion of the ignited fuel mass which may be timed by the use of valves as later explained.

A further object of the invention is to provide water or other cooling fluid spray devices in the cylinders of the engine which will be normally inactive but which are connected up with mechanism whereby a cooling fluid may be injected into the cylinders whenever a predetermined temperature is reached.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention will be more fully described hereinafter, and will be more particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto.

In the drawings, wherein like symbols refer to like or corresponding parts throughout the several views,-

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with the present invention and having its head removed;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on the lines E22 in Fig. 1;

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 13, 1922. Application filed October 25, 1920.

Serial No. 419,344.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 3-3 also in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the engine showing more particularly the mechanism for operating the fluid sprays;

Fig. 5 is a sectional View through one of the cylinders showing the thermal control device;

Fig. 6 is a detail partly in elevation and partly in section showing the pump and pump operating mechanism, and

Fig. 7 is a top plan view of Fig. 6.

Referring more particularly to the drawings wherein one embodiment of the invention is illustrated, 1 designates the motor block, 2 the crank case, and 3 the head, all of which may be cast or otherwise produced of any material appropriate for this purpose. In the motor block 1 are provided cylinders 4 and 5 which bear to each other a V relation being preferably disposed on substantially the angle indicated in Fig. 3. The cylinders as shown in plan in Fig. 1 may be six in number with three arranged at each side of themotor block and inclining clownwardly so that the axes extend close to the crank shaft 6.

The cylinders, as will also be apparent from Fig. 1, are preferably offset slightly in order to allow of their disposition at the acute angle shown in Fig. 3, and, at the same time, leave a suflicient strengthening wall between the various cylinders. In the cylinders are mounted hollowspistons 7 having the usual packing rings 8 which expand against the wall of the cylinder and avoid leakage of compression. The lower ends of the cylinders are interiorly screw threaded to receive caps 9 to which wrist-pins 10 are connected whereby the connecting rods 11 are coupled to the pistons. lhe caps 9 are provided with inwardly projecting heads 12 having perforations 13 to allow free communication with the crank case of the interior portion of the piston beneath the pump plunger 14 which reciprocates therein.

Packing rings 15 are also carried by the plunger 14 to prevent the escape of the fuel charge downwardly into the crank case. The pump plunger 14 is provided with flanges 16 and 17 which fit respectively about the head 12 and the depressed portion 18 of the top portion 19 of the piston. In this depressed portion .18 is provided an opening formed with a seat for a reciprocating valve 20 having its stem 21 disposed in a bearing 22 in which it is free to reciprocate in an axial direction.

Spider arms 23 support the bearing 22 and are secured in any suitable manner to the cylinder head 19 as by screws or other fastenings. An intake port 24 is provided in the side wall of each cylinder be ing in communication with an intake manifold in the usual manner from which a combustible charge is received for instance, from the usual carbureter. The intake ports 24 are located substantially intermediate the height of the cylinder and communicate, as shown in Fig.- 2, with ports 25 made in the side walls of the pistons 7 near the heads 19. The ports 25 are made between the upper pair of piston rings 8 so that during the time the charge is being received leakage in either direction will be avoided. Exhaust valves 26 are also provided, they being located in the upper portion of the block, as shown in Fig. 3, and oifset to the side of the cylinder.

The exhaust valves are actuated in any usual manner and by mechanism which it is not though necessary to show or describe; A single spark plug 27 is shown as entering the head cylinder, and in accordance with the invention, but a single sparking device will be sufficient inasmuch as ports 28 are provided between adjoining cylinders for the escape of a portion of the burned gases so that firing may be transferred from one cylinder to another in sequence. Automatically operating valves 29 are placed in the ports 28 and are arranged to lift and open automatically under the force of the expanding gases.

In the operation of the engine the pistons 7 reciprocate in the usual manner and are coupled to drive the crank shaft 6. The

various pistons occupy relative positions substantially as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and the plungers 14 being in the upper portions of the hollow pistons as the same begin their descent are caused to move downwardly therewith until the piston reaches the lower limit of its traveling, whereupon plungers 14: due to the inertia they have acquired in descending together with the pistons will continue their downward movement. This downward movement will be rapid and will commence substantially at the time the intake ports 24: and 25 have been brought into registry, as indicated at the right hand portion of Fig. 2. The plunger 14 consequently in its descent will create a suction drawing in a predetermined quantity of carbureted fuel.

Subsequently, as the piston rises, the valve 20 being automatically kept closed such piston will compress and drive before it all of the burned gases in the upper portion or" the cylinder and will expel the same out through the exhaust valve 26 which is open during this portion of the cycle of the engine. So soon, however, as the piston reaches the upper end of its travel the burned gases will be then sub- Stantially exhausted and the valve 26 brought to a closed position. The arrestii'ig of the piston at the upper end of its stroke will allow the plunger 14 therein to travel due to its momentum to the upper portion of said piston, and will thus act to automatically open the valve 20 and expel the charge previously drawn into the hollow piston into the upper portion of the cylinder. In case or a head cylinder, the spark plug 27 will then ignite the charge which will expand and drive the piston down wardly. When the piston is in the uppermost position it will. mask the port 28 and prevent any communication between adjacent cylinders. However, as soon as it has descended suiliciently to expose the port 28, the compressed and burning gases in the head cylinder, for instance, will travel through the port 28 lifting the valve 29 and escape into the adjacent cylinder which will at that instant be in condition for firing having just lately completed its upward stroke.

In like manner the third cylinder in sequence will be correspondingly placed in communication with the second cylinder, and will have its charge ignited by the burn ing gases from the latter. This communica tion between the cylinders extends through out the engine so that all of the cylinders are fired in a predetermined sequence and only a single sparking device is required. WVhen the engine is once started the head cylinder may be fired by the burned gases from the cylinder last in line, and the sparking device 27 may be discontinued in operation.

It will further be appreciated that the pump plunger 14 in its movements back and forth within the hollow piston will be cushioned at the end oi each stroke by the entrapped fluid so that no injury will be done to the piston or cylinder by reason of any impact between these two parts.

It will thus be ap n'eciaied that the improved engine will utilize but small current and will require but a simple and inexpensive battery, at the same time doing away with the complicated distributing systems now required.

It will further be noted that the combination of the piston and pump simplifies and makes more compact the construction of engines of this character so as to enable their more extensive use for driving motor vehicles.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 an improved cooling mechanism is provided for the motor which includes perforated spray heads let in through the head 3 and projecting downwardly above the pistons so as to deliver a great quantity of jets of water or other cooling fluid to the explosion chamber. When an engine of the character described is employed one spray head 30 is provided for each cylinder and two service pipes 31 and 32 are provided for communication with the source of water or other cooling fluid supply in order to serve the various nozzles. As shown more particularly in Fig. 3 the pipes 31 and 32 connect with pumps 33. These pumps I prefer to form in the manner shown in Fig. 6 in which a. plunger 34 reciprocates through the pump barrel 33 and is carried by a stem 35 which projects upwardly and through a plug 36 threaded or otherwise removably screwed in the upper end of the barrel 33. A coil spring 37 is employed to hold the stem 35 in an upper position and to return this stem and the plunger 34 to the upper position after each downward movement. The intake of the pump 33 is under the control of a check valve 38 provided with the usual spring 39 for keeping it closed against a seat 40. The spray head 30 is preferably mounted on a cylinder 41 screw threaded or otherwise removably fitted in the lower end of the pump barrel 33. A check valve 42 is normally held closed by a coil spring 43 against a seat provided in a diaphragm 44 situated close to the head 30. As the pump plunger 34 rises it will suck in water or other cooling fluid through the valve 38 and on its subsequent downward movement will close such valve 38 and expel the water or other, fluid through the valve 42 and head 30.

Each pump is adapted to be actuated by an operating device shown also in Figs. 6 and 7 in which a pivotedstriker 45 carries a finger 46 arranged to strike the upper end of the valve stem. 35 in order to depress the plunger 34. The finger 46 carries a cross pin 47 operating in a slot 48 in the end of the striker 45. A coil spring 49 is disposed behind the finger 46 and normally projects the same. The striker 45 is pivoted as indicated at 50 on an arm 51 upstanding from the central part of a lever 52. This lever 52 is fulcrumed at'53 in a bracket 54 which is mounted upon the head 3 of the engine. A coil spring 55 is arranged between the striker 45 and one arm of the lever 52 and functions to hold the opposite end of the striker 45 constantly in engagement with a cam 56 on a shaft 57 which extends lengthwise upon the head 3 of the engine. The shaft 57 as shown in Fig; 2 is kept constantly rotating through a pair of beveled pinions 58 connecting such shaft with a vertical shaft Another pair of beveled pinions 60 connect the vertical shaft with the crank shaft 61.

A coil spring 62 is connected between the engine and the lever 52 and operates to urge the lever to swing in a direction away from the pump. Lever 52 is also engaged by a cam 63 on a shaft 64 which also extends lengthwise of the engine and is journalled on the head 3 directly beneath the shaft 57. The shaft 64 is provided with a crank portion 65 receiving a slotted arm 66 on one end of a curved bar 67 shown more particularly in Fig. 4. This bar is adapted to vibrate back and forth and is actuated by a spring arm 6.9 connected to a yoke 70 which embraces a cam 71 on the shaft 59. The resilient arm 69 will allow the vibration of the bar 67 inasmuch as such bar is adapted to be held at one or the other end of its movement by a pawl 72 which engages with oppositely disposed shoulders 73 and 74 pro vided by cutting away the intermediate portion of said bar 67. Pins 75 on the opposite side of the bar 67 are provided to engage lugs '76 on the engine in order to limit the throw of the bar in opposite directions. The bar is connected at one end to the bell crank lever 77 pivoted at 78 in a bracket 79 extending from the head 3 of the engine. A link 80 joins the other end of the bell crank lever 77 with an operating crank 81 extending from a butterfly valve 82 situated in the intake pipe 83.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 5 the pawl 72 is mounted on a crank pin 84 carried by the end of a bar 85 which extends about within the cylinder head and is of such character and material that it is adapted to contract and expand under the action of the heat developed in the engine. Staples 86 are employed to loosely hold the bar 85 in the cylinder head and as shown in Fig. 5 this bar preferably extends about two-thirds of the distance about the cylinder head. The other end 87 of the bar is bent inwardly and over in order to be pivotally coupled to an arm 88 extending from a head 89 pivoted at 90. Set screws 91 and'92 are adapted to engage the head 89 at opposite sides of the pivot point 90 in order to adjust the bar 85.

Of course there are as many pumps 33 as there are cylinders and as many of the pump operating mechanisms the shafts 57 and 64 extending lengthwise of the cylinder and being provided with a number of cams 56 and 63 extending beneath all of the strikers 45 and levers 52 respectively so that the pumps are actuated individually.

The action of the device is substantially as follows:

The cam shaft 57 turning continuously through its connection with the engine crank shaft will continuously oscillate the strikers 45 but inasmuchas these strikers are held by the action of the springs 55 and 62 out of the path of the pump plunger stems 35 no action V of the pump will take place. At the same time the shaft 59 is continuously rotating the cam 71 is causing the vibration of the yoke 70. This action is absorbed in the flexible spring 69 so as not to communicate any motion to the bar 67 which is held locked. in one position by the pawl 72. The head being below a predetermined temperature, the bar 85 in the cylinder head is in a contracted condition insomuch as to keep the pawl 7 2 in engagement with the shoulder 73. The shaft 64: does not rotate until a predetermined degree of heat having been arrived at in the engine, the bar 85 becomes elongated and shifts the pawl 72 so as to disengage the bar 67 which is thereupon vibrated to the opposite end of its movement. This bar carries with it the slotted arm (36 and the crank portion of the shaft ("ll thus turning the cams (53 up beneath the levers 52. The levers are therefore rocked in a direction which will compress the springs 62 and carry the striker arms over to a position where the fingers e6 are above the stems 35 of the shaft 57. This will cause the cams 56 to oscillate the strikers 45 and the pumps will therefore be immediately put into operations. At each stroke of the pump a spray of water or other cooling fluid will be injected into the cylinder head 69 and will be continued up until the temperature falls within the cylinder whereupon the bar 85 will contract and again shift the pawl '72 out of engagement with the bar 6'? which will permit it to return to an initial. position. At the same time that water is being delivered to the engine the butterfly valve 82 will act to cut off completely the supply of gas by reason of its connection with the bar and meantime the engine may run by virtue of the steam or water vapor generated by the water delivered to the cylinders through the spray heads. This action of the engine under steam or water vapor pressure will continue until the temperature falls sufficiently to permit the valve 82 to be subsequently opened, whereupon the operation by gas will be resumed.

I do not wish to be restricted to the size, form, and proportions of the various parts, and obviously changes could be made in the construction herein described without departing from the spirit of the invention, it being only necessary that such changes fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a hollow piston reciprocating therein, and a plunger built in the piston and adapted to draw in a fuel charge at or near the lower position of the piston while expelling such charge above the piston when the latter reaches the upper limit of its travel, substantially as described.

2. In combination with an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylin der, a hollow piston reciprocating therein, and a plunger contained in and traveling with said hollow piston for drawing in a fuel charge in one position of the piston and for expelling and compressing such charge in the cylinder above the piston in a second position of said piston, said plunger being freely movable in the piston and acting through inertia to move to opposite ends of the piston when the latter reverses its direction ofmovement, substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a hollow piston reciprocating therein, and a plunger reciprocating within the hollow piston and adapted to be moved from one end to the other of the piston by the action of inertia at the end of each piston stroke whereby to draw in and expel successive charges of fuel, said hollow piston providing an internal chamber to receive the charge, substantially as described.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a hollow piston reciprocating therein and adapted to receive a fuel charge when at its inward position, a weighted plunger movably mounted in the piston and adapted to be shifted by its momentum when the piston arrives at the limits of its movement, and valve means in the piston head adapted to automatically allow of the expulsion. of the charge into the cylinder, substantially as described.

In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a stationary cylinder, a hollow piston reciprocating therein, means whereby said piston may be placed in communication with a fuel supply at its inner position, valve means in the head of the c linder adapted to allow of the escape of the fuel charge into the cylinder at the outer position of the piston, and a weighted inertia plunger fitted to reciprocate within the hollow piston for drawing in the charge and for expelling the same, said piston being actuated by momentum, substantially as described.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a fixed motor block and head combined together and provided with a plurality of cylinders therein, chambered pistons reciprocating in said cylinders and connected together, pump plungers built into the chambers of said pistons for automatically sucking in a fuel charge when the pistons are in their inner positions and for eX- pelling such charges into the cylinders when the pistons reach their outer positions, and means for successively firing such cylinders, substantially as described.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a fixed motor block and head combined together and provided with a plurality of cylinders, said cylinders being arranged in two series extending parallel to each other and inclined toward one another, said cylinders being offset, hollow pistons reciprocating in said cylinders, pump plungers movably mounted in said hollow pistons and adapted to draw in charges at the inner positions of the pistons and expel the charges at the outer positions thereof, means for successively firing said cylinders and check valves in the piston heads, substantially as decribed.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, hollow pistons therein provided with automatically opening valves in their heads and with ports in their side walls adapted to receive charges of fuel, weighted plungers mounted to reciprocate within said hollow pistons and adapted to be driven backwards and forwards by the momentum acquired through the movement of the piston, means for igniting the charge expelled by the plungers through said valves and into the cylinders, and means for permitting a portion of the burning gases to escape from one cylinder into the next cylinder in sequence, substantially as described.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a motor block and a head combined together and provided with two series of cylinders being offset and inclined toward one another in substantial V relation, hollow pistons reciprocating in said cylinders and provided with valves in their heads and with ports in their side walls, means whereby said ports may receive a charge of fuel, flanged plungers disposed to reciprocate within said hollow pistons, means for igniting the fuel charge in the head cylinder, and valved passages placed between said cylinders adapted to be masked when the pistons are in the outermost positions but to be uncovered when the pistons descend to permit the burning gases to escape into subsequent cylinders, substantially as described.

10. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a motor block and a head combined together and provided with two series of cylinders arranged in V formation and being disposed at an acute angle, said cylinders being disposed offset with respect to each other, hollow pistons reciprocating in said cylinders, valves in the upper portions of the pistons adapted to automatically open due to pressure from within, a pump in the piston carried thereby and adapted to draw in a charge and expel it through such valve, and means for firing the various cylinders in sequence, substantially as described.

COMMODORE THOMAS PEIGLER.

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