US1396896A - symons - Google Patents

Description

W. E. SYMUNS. SHOCK ABSORBIN G MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE l2, 1920.

` Patented Nov. 15, 192L 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W. E. SYMONS.

SHOCK ABSURBING MECHANISM. APPLICATION HLED JUNE 12, 1920.

- 1,396,895 Y Patented Nov. 15, 1921;

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WILSON E. SYMONS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SHOCK-ABSORBING MECHAN'ISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 15, 1921.

Application filed .Tune 12, 1920. Serial No. 388,496.

T o allie/wm zt may con-cern:

Be it known that. I, llfnsox E. SYMoNs, a citizen of the United States, residing al: New York. in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented eertain new und useful Improvements in Shock-Absorbing Mechanism; and l do hereby declare the, following to be a full. clear. and exaet description of the invention. sueh as will en- :ible others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make sind. use the same.

Mv invention rebates to shock absorbing mechanism. and while especially adapted for use ns the cushioning unit of draftappliances for railway ears and locomotives, eopnble of advantageous npplientlon wherever it, is desired to cushion and absorb .great 1dioeks and strains. The primary objert of the invention is to provide :L meehenisni ot' the ehuroeter indiented whleh 1s strong. durable. efficient and of high shriek absorbing eupaeity. and whieh is n eomplrto selt-eontnined unit eonsisting of few and simple-portsv none oli whieh is friiill. (lenernllv `stated. this objef't is :ieeompllshed by enlist-.vueling the mechanism with n easing boring upon `its interior n plurality ot ronvergrnt channels within whirh al pluralityl of relntivelv movlible wedge memberV is slidnble -iiiinltuneously. the wedge members lulving interposed: il'unxrlrly extending ,springsl whieh are :rlnpted to be ermniresseil by Ihr relative movement. ot' the \\'e1lge.-s.:|nd the inner ends of the wedges engaging :i tollower whieh is .nlnpteil to energize longb tudinullv rolnpressible .springr meub.- within the mising. .said follower :ind Suid wedges having engaging lof-w extending obliquely to the diret-tion of'trnvel ol the follower. There nre other features ol my invention by 'hich rertnin :ulvuntug'es :are attained. :is` will hereinnfterlippenr.

l'n tlul drawings il-lustrntior the heft i'orxn iu 'whirh l rontomplule applying the prineiple ol' niv in\'ention. tlw seope whereof is pointed out in the ehnnis.--

Figure l is n longitudinnl seetionnl view ot' n short( absorbingr mei-bonbm embodying the invention.

I'ig. 2 is a View of the inerhunisnl pzutly in end elevation und partly in sertion. :i portion ofthe follower being broken nwfiy.

Fig. Il is a seetion on thil limA il-. Fig. l.

Fig. -l is n section on the line i--l Fig. l. ',Fig. is :x longitudinal rentres! sertiou the Abody of the raising illustrated in Fig. l.

Fig-.6 is a detail sectional view on the line 6--6, Fig. 2.

" Fig. 7 is a detail elevation of n portion of the rear end of the casing illustrating the preferred means for detnehably eonnoeting the cover plate or elosu re thereto.

In the drawings, 1 is the body of u easing which is adapted to reeeive eoperalting spring means and friction elements. sind easing member preferably being open nt both ends to facilitate the introduction and reY movnl of parts from its interior. The opening at one end of the easing. whieh for ron venienee of description muy be designated as the inner end, is preferably closed by a detnehable eap or rover plate 2 whieh is rigidly secured to the body of the. easing l. while the opposite, or tls it muy be milled, the outer` end of the easing. is provided with :l follower Il which is slidoble longitudinally with respeet to the body of the rusing und which forms :l closure for the outer end thereof. said follower 3 being nttuehed to the 9easing und thereby. in eonjuneton with the 'losure 2. serving to retain in assembled position the ports of the meelmnisnl whieh :iro within the easing. v

The niezms preferably employed l'or :lttuebing the members 2 und il to the body of the easing l :ire substuntinlly identit-ul. :md ronnist ot' notehed posts entering rorrespouding longitudinally extending sorbets in the body ot' the easing und Herured thereto by suitable keys. The posts l. whieh ure. iiitegrnlly united to the elo'sure 2. :are ol' i \'liu drienl form. spin-ed in rertiungulnr relntion :1nd enter the rearwardly opening eylindriezxl sorkets 5 in 'he body of the ensiug. AS Shown in Fig. -l. enrll of these posts is nott'hed or shouldered lo provide :i pnssugo for the key (i whieh extends through :l slot in the body ot' the raising so :is to intersect the :idjueent soehet 5. lly this moons the 'losnre 2 is `rigidly but detzlrlmbly ronneeted to the body ot' the easing. 'lho posts Fl with whieh the follower Il is integrnlly provided ure also prelerubly rylindrirnl in form und ezuh entersl :nul is :ulnpled to reeiprorrde in :l rorres|iondingly .shaped forwnrdly opening soi-kel El in the body portion l of the raising. As shown in Fig. (l, ein-h of the soeliets il prefernllly houses4 :i spring lll oneY end ol' whieh rests upon tho bottom of the sorltet und the other end of whirh engages the :ldjueent end of the post, 8. These springs, which :1re preferably lll) llt)

l) ii assembled in the sockets under some initial. compression, act as auxiliaries to the main springs, aid in restoring the parts to normal position after they have been actuated in the operation oi absorbing shock1 and also serve to maintain the over all length of the mechanism by preserving a detinite relation ot the follower 5l to the outer end of the body of the casing 1 when the parts are in normal position. To connect the follower 3 to the casing so that it may slide with respect to the latte-r, as well as tor the purpose ot limiting the outward movement ot' the follower, the posts 8 are formed with elongated notches 11 (see Fig. 6l which are respectively adapted to receive lieys l2 passing through slots 13 in the hodjvv ot the l ingr 1. The keys 12 by engaging' the posts 8 limit the outward movement of the follower 3,.while the slots 11 in the posts are. longer than the. keys 1.2 are wide and the follower 3 is thereby permitted to reciprocate with respect to the body ot' the casingv l so as to effect compression of the springs 10.

The bodv of the casing is formed upon its interior adjacent the follower 3 with oppoA sitely disposed convergent faces which. are preferably constructed as wedge shaped channels 1l that converge longitudinall)v toward the interior of the body ot the casing. Slidahly mounted in the respective channels i4 and conforming to the shape thereof is a pair of wedge members 15 which are adapted to have a relative movement toward and from each other. Spring means interposed between the wed-gres 15 and colupressihle h v thc relative transverse more ment ol' said wedges constautlj,Y tend to cau-.2c separation ot said wedges, while means are provided for liniitinzgr the ext-ent lo whirh said wedges ma),Y move awa'l' troni earl; ol hor. The spriulhr moans prct'erahlv einploywl consisis ol a pluralityv ot transvcrsclwvv extending springs lo cach of whirh is seated in sockets or spring seats 17 inthe wedges 1T. 'l'he moans |n'vierahluv proiidcd for limiting the separation of the wedges consists of a transversely extending holt iS which passes between lla` springs lil and extends through suitable apertures lll in said wedges. ln order to arvouuuodato the head oil the holt and its nut. each olE the wedges is provided with an appropriatcl \v enlarged recess lll ol' sulliricut dcplh to allow the wedges to slidil in the channels li and approach ear-h other without rausiingr thc holt to foul the hodlv ol the rasiiuj. The holt iti prct'iiahlv extends through thi'- wcdges i3 so as to he in alincnlcnt with the opposlcli listin-51rd channels lvl, lhc .strength of (lic walgrs there liv living hat little impaired.

1; the inner rnd.` llic wed lonlgfitudinail;y nm-al; yieldinglj supported Vallo-:scr

tending springs 22 and Q3 seated upon the end cap or closure 2 of the casing. When the parts are in normal position the opposite ends of the follower 21 bear against Stop shoulders '2i formed on the body of the casing' at the inner ends of the convergent chan- The enifagi1niV laces 25' and 26, respectively, ot the follower and wedges l5 extend ohliquely to the direction of travel of the said follower, and it is preferred that the noter end feces 2T ot' the wedges shall also engage the corresponding faces 28 of the follower l in planes extending obliquel to the direction ot travel of the followers. t uch a velisti-infirm Agenerates greater frictional retanc! for the absorption of Shock. assi.Y in ctiecting' the return ot' the parts to normal pi'isition. and increases the lateral stability o the mechanism. To prevent too gri-cat bursting strain upon the casing the 'faces 2T and 2S upon the follower 3 prefer- ,ahly have a less tra 'inverse inclination than that of the lai-es and 26.

lt desired, the elements of the mechanism hy which the trictional resistance is generated ma): have their rubbingr faces or surfaces formed ot any suitable metal, such l'or e'Kan'iple as lnass` and in the drawings l. have illustrated the use of special metal inserts or ta ings 2t) on the surfaces of the wedges 15 which engage the casing and similar inserts 3U for thc inclined faces of the inner follower 21. These latter facings, if employed. may conveniently extend to the transverse ril; Bl with which said follower :nav he formed tor the purpose of strength ning it and also to provide means for preiniing the wedges 15' from approaching closely enough to damage their interposed springs l0. The forwekrd follower 30 also naiv he giro-hud with" a similar tansverse iil.y or 122 projectingr between the forward ende `d the wedges l5 and performing;r

a tuurioi, .ilar to that of the rili 3l.

la assemhling the mechanism the follower 2l is inserted in the hody member 1 of the rasinpr and seated upon the stop shoulders 24 (herr-ol'. The springs 22 and Q3 are there- :Iller inserted and the rear cap or cover plate .2 of the casing is applied and secured in position h v the keys G. an initial compression thus readily being imparted to'the springs it desired. The springs 16 having Iii-cn interposed between the Wedges 15 and the latter having been connected h v the linnsvcrsclv extending: bolt i8, these mehr irais' thus a seuihlcd are inseited in the outer cad of thiI nody of the casing l so that the wedges are positioned in the ronrergent lt-naci liwitli their inner ends hearing minst lla inner lollowerQl. The auxiliary i then placed in their respectlie posts 8 of the follower 3 aid tan-kers and the keys lz illi Cri All

are passed through the slots 1? in the easing; and through the notilies 1t in the posts S, thereby niovalily attaeliinir the follower il to the body of the easing.

The eonsli'uetion being substantially as hereinbefore dewribeil. its operation will be as follows: Forffoni'enieiire of deneiiption, but without intent to impose any limitation thereby. tlie portion of the nieelianism at the right hand end ot' Fig. l will be termed the outer eiid of the derive. wliile that at the left; hand end of Fig. l will be referred to as the inner end. Assuming that the shoelc to be absorbed is applied to the follower 1i at the outer end of the inei-banism and that #he inner end ol the deriee in in engagement with suitable stops preventii'ig its retreat. (for example. the stopa or ilieei plates applied to the draft or eenter sills of a earl the foren aetiii; r upon the follower Il forees it and the wedges 't5 inwardly so that the latter simultaneously slide in the elianiiels ll of the easing, thereby displacing the follower 2l from itaI Seat upon the shoulders 24- ot' the easing: and rain-:ing a roi-responding compression ot' the main springs .22 and Q3. Owingi to the inward eoniergenee of the rliannels: t4 'in whieli the wedges :dido the latter during their inward movement approach eaeli other and valise the springs t6 ainiiiltaiieoiisl)Y to be compressed. At the saine time also the in` ward movement of the follower Il enables the poe-it S thereof to effect the Compression of the longitudinally extending auxiliary springs lll upon wliieh sueh poqts bear. AS the wedges l in e.\;erutinglr their sliding' movement in the ilianiielS ti are pressed against the body l of the easing not only by reason of the fori-e exerted by the springe. li', lint also bei-anse of the inclined eoiitai't of Said wedges with the followerrl t and 21. renpertii'ely. friction is generated between eaeli of the wedges and the fares of the eliannels til with wliii'li they i'oiitziet, the wedge Iliaped form of the eliannels rausiiig the` friction due 'to the pressure ol' the spring l and iiielined fai-es of the followers to be largely augmented, 'lhe relative iiioi'enient of the wedges with rei-'peet to the outer follower Il and tlie inner 'follower 2l, etl'eeted by the iiielined bearings of tle followiirs upon the ends of the wedges, also prodiieenl friction between the follower4 and wedges wliieli assista iii absorbing the .-zhoek. 'Yhen the forro eaiising the inward movement of tho follower Il is withdrawn the springs lil. lo. .22 and 23 expand and in doin;r So Pause tlie sei'- ei'al parts of the derive to he restored to normal position, as will he readily understood, the ineliued eontartiiig .fares of the wedges and follower-l aiding in the return of the wedges 15 by minimizing any tendem'y of the latter to stiel( or bind in the eliannels lil. lf the shoek to he absorbed is applied to the rap or rover plate l at the inner end ot the easing' while the follower 3 is held stationary by pressing against. suitable stops or aluitinents, the operation of the mecha.- nisni will be the same as that heretofore (lesriilietl. the only difference. being that the relative movement of the wedges 15 with respect to the bodyv of the easing 1 is effected by movingr the body of the easing instead of moving the wedges. AUpon cessation of the foree by which the body l of the casing is driven toward the follower 3, the expansion of the springs with whieh the mechanism is provided restores the parts to their normal posiit'ioii,

l. lu a dei'iee of the, ffharactor indicati@ the combination with yielding means: of a. easing. a plurality of simultaneously .movable wedge@l wliieli are slidable in Contact with said easing and are adapted' tio ap.- 85 proaeli and lsepa rate from eachother, sprin means-i interposed between Said Wedges and eoinpressible thereby, and ia follower movable with rin-:peet to ,-aii'l casing and interposed between said yielding means and said wedges and adapted to be actuated by said wedges. said follower and lQaid wedges having ennuie-ingi tai-es intending;i ohliiliiely to the direction ot' travel of Said follower and eonvergring toward said spring means.

2. ln :i derive ol' the eliai'ai'tei indieated, the combination with yielding means. of a. en -ing provided with convergent channels ol' wedge 'foi-iii. a plurality of relatively movable iiieiiilierz-4 ot' i\ed :'e ri'oss seetioii Siniill- 10U taiieoiiz-ly `slidable rispei'tively in the Said i-liaiiiiel` and adapted to energize Said yieldiin;- means. spring' meaiml interposed between iid relativi-ly movable iniiiltaneously slidable members and adi-.phd to be energized thereby. and a follower haring wedging engagement with said siinultaiieoi-isly slidahle members and interposed between Said Simultaneously ulidable iiieniberh` and Said yielding means. i710 Il. lii a derive of the eliaraeter indicated; Ilie eoinliiiiation willi yieldiii;r means, 0f a. rasiiigx movable iii one direction only from in normal position` a plurality of simultaiieoiisly movable wedges Slidably engaging tia lmid easing;4 :uid adapted to xtpplnt'll and separate from earh other. spring means C0m-' presaible by said wedges: upon their movement toward eaili other. Said spring mea'hs being rompre-:sible in :i direi-tion angular to 12a tlie direi-tion of eoiuprei-'sion .of said yielding means. a follower engaging: the inner end:- of sa id wedges anil interposed between mid wedgiieh` and said yielding means, and a. foilower engaging the` outer ends of Said wedges. said followers and Said wedges having engaging fai-e,-` eritending oliliqnely t0 the direetion ot' travel of said followers.

l. lii a dei'iee of the eliaraeter lndil'ated. the combination -with yieldingi means, of a wedges slidalllc within said easing',

iffollower adapted to energize said means.` a`

casing having interiorfaces which are ini clineiil `with respect to theiflireetion of travel ilaccs extending obliquely lo the direction ot' travel of said followers. i

5. In a devicey ol the character indicated, the combination with yielding means, of a follower adapted to energize said means, a plurality ol' relatively movable members enedging said follower and adapted lo aetuate lhe same. `airing means interposed between ,and comprcssible by said relatively movable members. and a follower engaging the ende of :said relatively movable members o ipoeite the aid follower first named, said followers and said relatively movable members having engaging faces extending at different angles so the direction of traval of said followers, the 4said faces of the irst named follower being oblique Vto its direction of travel` il. in a device of the character indicated, ilie combination with a caaing provided willi channels of' wedge form which converge longiindinalljv. of longitudinally compreseihle apring means, a plnralit)r of relatively mov- :diie members of wedge croatl section simulta-V nconaly slidable 'rcspeclively in said channels and `adapted to cause compression of said longitudinally 'compreasible spring menne, `epring means comprensible by Said relatively movable members: in a direction angular to the direction of compression of Said longi-` tudinally comprcssible spring means, :and means interposed between said long fitudi` nnlly comprensible spring means and said einmltanconelv sliflahle members tending to separate the latter.

'i'. ln a device of the character indicated,"

the combination with yielding incanaof a casing having convergentV faces upon its inter-lfm a plurality ol ysimultancouely and relatively movable wedges slidfalily engaging said convergent faces and adapted lo cause said yielding` means `to be energized, meansl interposed between said Wedges and tending to cause. their separation, and means extending Vthrough said wedges when in assembled position in said cae-ing for limiting the scp arationo sailwvedges.

8. 'in a device of the character indicated, the combination with .vie-ddin" moans, oi' a canine, a plurality1 ol' relatue movable a Spring intcrnosed between said wedges and comspring menney and pressible thereb and means extending through said we gee when in assembled position in said casing for limiting the separation oi' said Wedges.

9. ln a delire of the character indicated, the comhinatimi will; spring means, of a casing having` convergent channels of wedge form. a ililnrality o' relatively movable members of wedge cross section simultaneously slidable respcclivcly in .wald channels and adapted lo canile comprebiaion ol Said Spring means. spring means inlerpoeed between said rirlativclyV mov: ble mcmbcra and adapted to be compressed thereby, and a holt` extending throngl. and limiting .separation of said relatively movable mci'nbers, within :said easing, said bolt extending from one of l:.aid channels toward anotlnfr of said channels.

ifi. In :l device if libe character indicated` the combination Milli a enfin; having a plurality ol' sliding socio-ls. nl a tpring in each ol Saidockets, a follower having a plurality of posts respeu ivelv extending into said sockets and adapted to compress said Sprillgs., Spring means within said casing, and a plurality of wedges interposed between said spring means and `Qaid follower andl adapted to onergine aaid epring menne.

1l. ln aileviec ol' lhc character indicated, the. `combination willi a caeinjg adapted at one end to receive epring mcaml and adapted at the other end to receive friction elemente coiperaing with raid apring nie-.ine` of spring means and friction elemente within, Said ing. a cover rigidly bui, iletaehahly Secured to :aid casing and .forming a closure for one end tlscl'col', and a folii'incr detach ably connected to will? caring and slidahly Infn'zllde with Ieapcci thereto and constituting a cloeilrc for the olber end oil said casing, .said follower' being` adapted to engage stik tio'narj'follower slop, upon thc car and to limit the eniclgelr'l` olh eziid friclion clemente from said raming, and said casing being provided with mean` im' limiling ille expansion of laid spring mean.

l2. ln a device ol' ilse liamcter indicated, a casing adapted lo receive cooperating iriciion clemente, said casing; comprising an open-curled body porlion provided at can-l; ol' it" cnda` with :i pluralill'yr of recense :i plurality o' cover plaies cachpz'ovided niili a plurality of stil ls,tl1c, ainda upon tbcy riepcciiicu cover platre` being adapted lo cuter vwill rcccawh at' opposite ends ol said body portion` and ifi-.yn i'cspcc tively engaging: ,wald tada and .body portion for connccling said coicr plaie` and body portion, one ot" eaid lover platea being capablcoi a limilwd movement with respect to the other.

In icaimony vvlicrcol l il" l liv-( lli alli);

l Il YMUNH.

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